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 | nickname            = ''Amma'', ''Puratchi Thalaivi'', ''Thanga Thaaragai'', ''Kalai Selvi''
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 '''Jayaram Jayalalithaa'''{{efn|In 2000 Jayalalitha appended an additional letter "a" to her name for [[numerological]] reasons.<ref>{{cite news |author=[[Shashi Tharoor]] |url=http://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020328012141/http://thehindu.com/thehindu/mag/2001/12/23/stories/2001122300310300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 March 2002 |title='Scrabble' in real life |date=23 December 2001|newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=23 December 2001}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |title=Chasing The Poll Stars |author=Tusha Mittal|work=Tehelka |access-date=9 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170821172959/http://www.tehelka.com/2009/05/chasing-the-poll-stars/ |archive-date=21 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}. May 2009.</ref>}} (24 February 1948 – 5 December 2016) was an Indian politician and film actress who served as the [[chief minister of Tamil Nadu]] for more than fourteen years between 1991 and 2016. From 9 February 1989, she was the general secretary of the [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam]] (AIADMK), a [[Dravidian party]] whose cadre revered her as their "''{{lang|ta|Amma}}''" (mother) and "{{lang|ta|'''Puratchi Thalaivi'''}}" (Revolutionary leader).<ref name="puratchithalavi">{{cite news|title=PURATCHI THALAIVI JAYALALITHAA|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/topic/Puratchi-Thalaivi-Jayalalithaa|access-date=18 December 2016|work=indiatimes.com|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Her critics in the media and the opposition accused her of fostering a [[personality cult]] and of demanding absolute loyalty from AIADMK legislators and ministers, who often publicly [[Prostration|prostrated]] themselves before her.<ref name="outlook20110321" />
 == Political career ==
 === Early political career ===
 Jayalalithaa denied claims that MGR, who had been chief minister for the state since 1977, was instrumental in introducing her to politics.<ref name="outlook20110321"/> In June 1982,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/zRg3RZEtVd39zfK5n6hxxK/How-Jayalalithaa-made-her-political-debut.html|title=How Jayalalithaa made her political debut|last=Vaasanthi|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> she joined the AIADMK, which was founded by MGR.<ref name="career">{{cite news| url=http://www.tn.gov.in/spc/cmprofile.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225082124/http://www.tn.gov.in/spc/cmprofile.html | url-status=dead | archive-date=25 February 2012 | agency=State Planning Commission | title=Political Career|access-date=10 November 2013|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu}}</ref> Her maiden public speech, "Pennin Perumai" ("The Greatness of a Woman"), was delivered at the AIADMK's political conference in the same year at [[Cuddalore]]<ref name="indiatimes">{{cite news|title=MGR: The original 'ladies man' |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-13/india/28146254_1_mgr-aiadmk-political-party |date=13 March 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130103170751/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-03-13/india/28146254_1_mgr-aiadmk-political-party |archive-date= 3 January 2013 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=9 December 2016 }}</ref> and was well received. Even the then Prime Minister [[Indira Gandhi]] and the Rajya Sabha member [[Khushwant Singh]] came to witness her speech which was widely acclaimed for its clarity of diction and elegant prose.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/zRg3RZEtVd39zfK5n6hxxK/How-Jayalalithaa-made-her-political-debut.html |title=How Jayalalithaa made her political debut |work=Livemint |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Her seat number in [[Rajya Sabha]] was 185, which was coincidentally the same as that of what [[C. N. Annadurai]] had while he was a member in the Rajya Sabha.<ref>{{cite web|date=6 December 2016|title=How Jayalalithaa Stunned Prime Minister Indira Gandhi With Her Maiden Speech In Rajya Sabha|url=http://m.huffingtonpost.in/2016/12/06/how-jayalalithaa-stunned-prime-minister-indira-gandhi-with-her-m/|publisher=Huffingtonpost.in}}</ref> In 1983, she became propaganda secretary for the party and campaigned extensively for the party candidate [[R. Amirtharaj]] in the by-election for the [[Tiruchendur (state assembly constituency)|Tiruchendur Assembly constituency]].<ref name="career"/>
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 MGR wanted her to be a member of the Rajya Sabha because of her fluency in [[English language|English]].<ref name="control">{{cite news|url=http://www.sunday-guardian.com/investigation/sasikalas-proximity-to-jaya-was-based-on-control-a-rule|work=The Sunday Guardian|title=First impressions|last=Nalpat|first=Madhav|date=25 December 2011|location=New Delhi|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Indira Gandhi lauded Jayalalithaa for the various speeches she made on issues including the one on internal security in Rajya Sabha.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/tamil-nadu-cabinet-decides-to-recommend-jayalalithaas-name-for-bharat-ratna/articleshow/55914413.cms |title=Tamil Nadu Cabinet decides to recommend Jayalalithaa's name for Bharat Ratna |work=The Economic Times |date=10 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Jayalalithaa was elected to that body in 1984 and retained her seat until 1989.<ref name="profile">{{cite web|title=Honourable Chief Minister |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/139.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116225438/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/members/profile/139.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 January 2012 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=10 November 2013 }}</ref> Her success in her role as propaganda secretary caused resentment among high-ranking members of the party. By engineering a rift between her and MGR, these members influenced MGR to stop her writing about her personal life in a Tamil magazine. Despite these machinations, she remained admired by the rank and file of the party.<ref name="outlook20110321"/> She was given key responsibilities, including in the implementation of the landmark noon-meals scheme when M. G. Ramachandran was the chief minister and this taught her lessons in welfare politics. Later when MGR fell ill, she campaigned extensively for the party before the [[1984 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/12/indias-iron-lady-jayalalithaa-dead/|title=India's Iron lady Jayalalithaa is dead – Vanguard News|date=6 December 2016}}</ref>
 *In 1984, when MGR was incapacitated due to a [[stroke]], Jayalalithaa was said to have attempted to take over the position of [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|chief minister]] or the party on the pretext that his health would prevent him from the proper execution of his duties.<ref name=outlook19980504>{{cite news| url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?205450 | publisher=outlookindia | title=The Life And Times of Jayalalitha |first1=Ajith |last1=Pillai |first2=A. S. |last2=Panneerselvan |date=4 May 1998|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> She successfully led the campaign in the 1984 general elections, in which the ADMK allied with the [[Indian National Congress|Congress]].<ref name="profile"/> Following [[M. G. Ramachandran#Illness and death|his death]] in 1987, the AIADMK split into two factions: one supported his widow, [[Janaki Ramachandran]] This faction was called AIADMK (JA) and the other favoured Jayalalithaa called AIADMK (J). Jayalalithaa faction was supported by senior leaders like [[V. R. Nedunchezhiyan]], [[C. Aranganayagam|Aranganayagam]], [[Sattur Ramachandran|KKSSR Ramachandran]], [[Su. Thirunavukkarasar|Thirunavukarasar]]. Janaki was selected as the Chief Minister on 7 January 1988 with the support of 96 members; due in part to irregularities by speaker [[P. H. Pandian]], who dismissed six members to ease her victory, she won a motion of confidence in the house. However, [[Rajiv Gandhi]] used [[S:Constitution of India/Part XVIII|Article 356]] of the [[Constitution of India]] to dismiss the Janaki-led government and impose [[president's rule]] on the state.<ref name="outlook20110321"/><ref>[[#CITEREFJagmohan2007|Jagmohan 2007]], pp. 303–305</ref><ref name="CMlist"/>
 At the age of 41, Jayalalithaa entered the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] successfully contesting the subsequent [[1989 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|1989 elections]] on the basis of being MGR's political heir.<ref>{{cite news|title=I'm MGR's true heir: Jayalalithaa |url=http://hindu.com/2002/02/15/stories/2002021508750400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225124101/http://hindu.com/2002/02/15/stories/2002021508750400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 December 2013|date= 15 February 2002|location=Chennai, India|work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref>
 === Leader of the Opposition, 1989 ===
 She was elected to the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly]] in 1989 as a representative of the [[Bodinayakkanur (state assembly constituency)|Bodinayakkanur]] constituency. This election saw the Jayalalithaa-led faction of the AIADMK win 27 seats and Jayalalithaa became the first woman to be elected [[Leader of the Opposition]] in Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. On 9 February 1989, the two factions of AIADMK merged and they unanimously accepted Jayalalithaa as the general secretary of the party and the "Two leaves" symbol of the party was restored.<ref name="BS"/>
 On 25 March 1989, as claimed by the party and a section of the members present in the assembly, amidst heavy violence inside the house among the ruling DMK party members and the opposition, Jayalalithaa was brutally attacked by the ruling DMK members in front of the assembly speaker [[M. Tamilkudimagan]] on the behest of then Chief Minister [[M. Karunanidhi|Karunanidhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/ex-ie-photographer-recounts-how-his-iconic-photograph-helped-jayalalithaa-became-a-giant-slayer/|title=Ex-Express photographer recounts how his iconic photograph helped Jayalalithaa become a giant slayer|date=6 December 2016}}</ref> Jayalalitha left the Assembly with her torn saree drawing a parallel with the shameful disrobing of [[Draupadi]] in the epic [[Mahabharata]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.outlookindia.com/article/the-revenge-of-draupadi/205451|title=The Revenge Of Draupadi|publisher=Outlook|access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/nothing-can-beat-1989-violence/article17326723.ece|title=Nothing can 'beat' 1989 violence|work=The Hindu|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/vantage/titans-tn-assembly|title=When two titans clashed on the Tamil Nadu assembly floor|publisher=Caravan|access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://blogs.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/toi-edit-page/jayalalithaas-conviction-opens-up-new-political-options-in-tamil-nadu-and-nationally/|title=Jayalalithaa's conviction opens up new political options in Tamil Nadu|newspaper=Times of India|access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2011/20110519/main7.htm|title=Vow to avenge insult|newspaper=Tribune|access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/rasheeda-bhagat/pepper-spray-pales-against-past-tn-assembly-events/article5690057.ece|title=Pepper spray pales against past TN Assembly events|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=7 February 2016}}</ref> At the peak of the situation, Jayalalithaa was about to leave the house, she vowed to not enter the house "until as a [[Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu|Chief Minister]]".<ref>{{cite news|author=Vinod K. Jose|date=24 April 2014|url=http://www.caravanmagazine.in/vantage/titans-tn-assembly|title=When two titans clashed on the Tamil Nadu assembly floor|publisher=Caravan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Shashank Chouhan|date=23 November 2012|url=http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2012/11/23/a-small-shameful-history-of-unparliamentary-behaviour/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121129022030/http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2012/11/23/a-small-shameful-history-of-unparliamentary-behaviour|url-status=dead|archive-date=29 November 2012|title=A small, shameful history of unparliamentary behaviour|work=Reuters}}</ref> In spite of some sections of media terming it as a theatrics, it received a lot of media coverage and sympathy from the public.<ref name="V86">[[#Vaasanthi|Vaasanthi 2008]], pp. 86–88</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=1989 ugly episode haunts the House |url=http://www.hindu.com/2003/03/26/stories/2003032605200400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102192438/http://www.hindu.com/2003/03/26/stories/2003032605200400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2 January 2014|location=Chennai|date=26 March 2003|work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="midnight">{{cite news|title=Rival's revenge in Tamil Nadu|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1416948.stm|work=BBC|date=1 July 2001|last=Jacob|first=Satish|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> During the 1989 general elections, the AIADMK allied with the Congress party and was handed a significant victory. The AIADMK, under her leadership, also won the by-elections in [[Marungapuri (state assembly constituency)|Marungapuri]], [[Madurai East (state assembly constituency)|Madurai East]] and [[Peranamallur (state assembly constituency)|Peranamallur]] assembly constituencies.<ref name="profile"/>
 === First term as Chief Minister, 1991 ===
 [[File:Ms. J. Jayalalithaa presenting an award to Shashank - World Tamil Conference, Tanjore, 1993.jpg|thumb|right|Jayalalithaa presenting award in World Tamil Conference,1993]]
-In 1991, following the assassination of [[Rajiv Gandhi]] days before the elections, her alliance with the [[Indian National Congress]] enabled her to ride the wave of sympathy that gave the coalition victory.<ref>[[#Das|Das 2005]], p. 45</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">[[#Ramaswamy|Ramaswamy 2007]], p. xxxiv</ref> The AIADMK alliance with the Congress won 225 out of the 234 seats contested and won all 39 constituencies in the centre.<ref name="profile"/> Re-elected to the assembly, she became the state's youngest chief minister, and the first woman to serve a full term, serving from 24 June 1991 to 12 May 1996.<ref name="profile"/><ref name="CMlist"/> In 1992, her government introduced the "Cradle Baby Scheme". At that time the ratio of male to female in some parts of Tamil Nadu was skewed by the practice of [[female infanticide]] and the abortion of female foetuses. The government established centres in some areas, these being equipped to receive and place into adoption unwanted female babies. The scheme was extended in 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=728743 |title=TN: Cradle Baby Scheme In Districts With Low Sex Ratio |date=24 July 2011 |magazine=Outlook India |location=Chennai |agency=PTI |access-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225093403/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=728743 |archive-date=25 December 2013 }}</ref> Her party had 226 elected members to the assembly. Her government was the first to introduce police stations operated solely by women. She introduced 30% quota for women in all police jobs and established as many as 57 all-women police stations. There were other all-women establishments like libraries, stores, banks and co-operative elections.<ref>[[#Vanitha|Vanitha 2007]], p. 158</ref> She began to be referred as Thanga Gopuram'','' ''Thanga Silai'' ('Golden Statue') by her followers.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anwesha Madhukalya|title=10 Videos Of Jayalalithaa's Dance Performances That Explain Why She Was Called The 'golden Maiden'|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/12/06/10-videos-of-jayalalithaas-dance-performances-that-explain-why/|access-date=8 December 2016|publisher=Huffingtonpost.in}}</ref> In 1993, the Tamil Nadu Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes Bill, 1993 was passed by the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] (Act 45 of 1994).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Correspondent|first=Legal|date=2014-11-06|title=69% quota: SC notice to Tamil Nadu|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/69-quota-sc-notice-to-tamil-nadu/article6568342.ece|access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Bill was sent to the President [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] for his approval. J Jayalalithaa's  [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] government led a cross-party committee of Tamil Nadu politicians to Delhi to meet with the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Narasimha Rao]] led [[Government of India|Central government]] and stepped up pressure on the Centre to bring in a [[Amendment of the Constitution of India|Constitutional amendment]] to include the Tamil Nadu Act in the Ninth Schedule, ensuring that its validity cannot be challenged in any court. By the end of August 1994, the Act became a part of the Ninth Schedule by the presidential accent, confirming "the 69 percent reservation" exclusive for Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE CONSTITUTION (Seventy-sixth Amendment) Act, 1994|language=en-IN|website= india.gov.in|url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-seventy-sixth-amendment-act-1994|access-date=2021-05-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The development fetched her the title of ‘Samooga Neethi Kaatha Veeranganai’ (The leader who upheld [[Social justice]]).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-06|title=Jayalalithaa changed face of Dravidian politics|language=en-IN|website=Deccan Chronicle|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061216/jayalalithaa-changed-face-of-dravidian-politics.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The woman behind the 69% quota |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/The-woman-behind-the-69-quota/article16762726.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=நான் "சமூக நீதி காத்த வீராங்கனை" ஆனது எப்படி?-ஜெ விளக்கம் |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2010/07/23/protected-69-reservation-tn-jayalalithaa.html | work= Oneindia tamil | language=ta|access-date=23 July 2010}}</ref>
+In 1991, following the assassination of [[Rajiv Gandhi]] days before the elections, her alliance with the [[Indian National Congress]] enabled her to ride the wave of sympathy that gave the coalition victory.<ref>[[#Das|Das 2005]], p. 45</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">[[#Ramaswamy|Ramaswamy 2007]], p. xxxiv</ref> The AIADMK alliance with the Congress won 225 out of the 234 seats contested and won all 39 constituencies in the centre.<ref name="profile"/> Re-elected to the assembly, she became the state's youngest chief minister, and the first woman to serve a full term, serving from 24 June 1991 to 12 May 1996.<ref name="profile"/><ref name="CMlist"/> In 1992, her government introduced the "Cradle Baby Scheme". At that time the ratio of male to female in some parts of Tamil Nadu was skewed by the practice of [[female infanticide]] and the abortion of female foetuses. The government established centres in some areas, these being equipped to receive and place into adoption unwanted female babies. The scheme was extended in 2011.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=728743 |title=TN: Cradle Baby Scheme In Districts With Low Sex Ratio |date=24 July 2011 |magazine=Outlook India |location=Chennai |agency=PTI |access-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225093403/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=728743 |archive-date=25 December 2013 }}</ref> Her party had 226 elected members to the assembly. Her government was the first to introduce police stations operated solely by women. She introduced 30% quota for women in all police jobs and established as many as 57 all-women police stations. There were other all-women establishments like libraries, stores, banks and co-operative elections.<ref>[[#Vanitha|Vanitha 2007]], p. 158</ref> She began to be referred as Thanga Gopuram'','' ''Thanga Silai'' ('Golden Statue') by her followers.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anwesha Madhukalya|title=10 Videos Of Jayalalithaa's Dance Performances That Explain Why She Was Called The 'golden Maiden'|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.in/2016/12/06/10-videos-of-jayalalithaas-dance-performances-that-explain-why/|access-date=8 December 2016|publisher=Huffingtonpost.in}}</ref> In 1993, the Tamil Nadu Backward Classes, Scheduled Castes, and Scheduled Tribes Bill, 1993 was passed by the [[Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|Assembly]] (Act 45 of 1994).<ref>{{Cite news|last=Correspondent|first=Legal|date=2014-11-06|title=69% quota: SC notice to Tamil Nadu|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/69-quota-sc-notice-to-tamil-nadu/article6568342.ece|access-date=2021-04-17|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The Bill was sent to the President [[Shankar Dayal Sharma]] for his approval. J Jayalalithaa's [[All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|AIADMK]] government led a cross-party committee of Tamil Nadu politicians to Delhi to meet with the [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[P. V. Narasimha Rao|Narasimha Rao]] led [[Government of India|Central government]] and stepped up pressure on the Centre to bring in a [[Amendment of the Constitution of India|Constitutional amendment]] to include the Tamil Nadu Act in the Ninth Schedule, ensuring that its validity cannot be challenged in any court. By the end of August 1994, the Act became a part of the Ninth Schedule by the presidential accent, confirming "the 69 percent reservation" exclusive for Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE CONSTITUTION (Seventy-sixth Amendment) Act, 1994|language=en-IN|website= india.gov.in|url=https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-india-seventy-sixth-amendment-act-1994|access-date=2021-05-15|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> The development fetched her the title of ‘Samooga Neethi Kaatha Veeranganai’ (The leader who upheld [[Social justice]]).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-06|title=Jayalalithaa changed face of Dravidian politics|language=en-IN|website=Deccan Chronicle|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/061216/jayalalithaa-changed-face-of-dravidian-politics.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The woman behind the 69% quota |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/The-woman-behind-the-69-quota/article16762726.ece |website=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=6 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=நான் "சமூக நீதி காத்த வீராங்கனை" ஆனது எப்படி?-ஜெ விளக்கம் |url=https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2010/07/23/protected-69-reservation-tn-jayalalithaa.html | work= Oneindia tamil | language=ta|access-date=23 July 2010}}</ref>
 She first invited [[Ford Motor Company]] to establish business in Tamil Nadu in 1995. This was followed by numerous companies setting up factories here especially from automobiles sector which included [[Hyundai Motor Company|Hyundai Motor]], [[BMW]], [[Daimler AG|Daimler]], [[Renault]], [[Nissan]], [[Mitsubishi Motors|Mitsubishi]], [[Wrightbus|Wright]] and [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]]. Due to this, Madras (now [[Chennai]]) began to be called as the [[Detroit]] of India under her first term.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.livemint.com/Industry/nzgFbwcO2BgdW4x6dVBCCN/How-Jayalalithaa-made-Chennai-the-Detroit-of-India.html |title=How Jayalalithaa made Chennai the Detroit of India |work=Livemint |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> [[Royal Enfield (India)|Royal Enfield]] made significant expansion in Tamil Nadu and apart from [[Ashok Leyland]], [[Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited|TAFE]] and [[TVS Motor Company|TVS Motors]] became key players in Tamil Nadu.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-06|title=Jayalalithaa catalysed industrial growth in TN|language=en-IN|website=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/specials/jayalalithaa-catalysed-industrial-growth-in-tn/article9412047.ece|access-date=2018-01-16}}</ref>
 === Loss of power, 1996 ===
 The Jayalalithaa-led AIADMK lost power in the 1996 elections, when it won 4 of the 168 seats that they contested.<ref name="front1996"/> Jayalalithaa was herself defeated by the DMK candidate in [[Bargur (State Assembly Constituency)|Bargur]] constituency. The outcome has been attributed to an [[anti-incumbency]] sentiment and several allegations of corruption and malfeasance against her and her ministers.<ref name="ReferenceA"/><ref name="front1996">{{cite journal|title=No respite|url=http://www.frontline.in/static/html/fl1425/14250410.htm|journal=Frontline|volume=14|issue=25|date=26 December 1997|last=T.S.|first=Subramanian|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> The wedding event of her foster son Sudhakaran, who married a granddaughter of the Tamil film actor [[Shivaji Ganesan]], was held on 7 September 1995 at Madras and was viewed on large screens by over 150,000 people. The event holds two [[Guinness World Records]]: one is for the most guests at a wedding and the other is for being the largest wedding banquet.<ref name="outlook20110321"/><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1000/largest-wedding-banquetreception/|publisher=guinnessworldrecords|title=Largest wedding banquet/reception|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Most wedding guests|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/records-1000/most-wedding-guests/|publisher=guinnessworldrecords|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Subsequently, in November 2011, Jayalalithaa told a special court than the entire {{INRConvert|6|c|year=1995}} expenses associated with the wedding were paid by the family of the bride.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-22/bangalore/30428296_1_disproportionate-assets-case-j-jayalalithaa-jewellery |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722012032/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-11-22/bangalore/30428296_1_disproportionate-assets-case-j-jayalalithaa-jewellery |url-status=dead |archive-date=22 July 2012 |first=Anil |last=Kumar |date=22 November 2011 |newspaper=[[The Times of India]] |title=My foster son's Rs6 cr. wedding expense not paid by me |access-date=10 November 2013 }}</ref>
@@ Line 170: / Line 163: @@
 Though Sudhakaran was adopted by Jayalalithaa as her foster son in 1995, when she became aware that Sudhakaran began to interfere in her financial affairs and that he took money without intending to repay, she disowned him in 1996 within one year of adoption.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsable.asianetnews.tv/south/son-for-one-year-why-did-jayalalithaa-disown-sudhakaran |title=Son-for-one-year: Why did Jayalalithaa disown foster son Sudhakaran? |work=Asianetnews.tv |date=7 October 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
 === Second term as Chief Minister, 2001 ===
 [[File:Ms_J.Jayalalithaa,_Chief_Minister_Of_Tamil_Nadu_With_Fathima_Beevi,_Governor_Of_Tamil_Nadu.jpg|thumb|Jayalalithaa with Fathima Beevi ]]Jayalalithaa was barred from standing as a candidate in the 2001 elections because she was found guilty of criminal offences, including allegedly obtaining property belonging to a state-operated agency called [[TANSI land acquisition case|TANSI]]. Although she appealed to the [[Supreme Court of India]], having been sentenced to five years' imprisonment, the matter was not resolved at the time of the elections.<ref name="disqual">{{cite journal|url=http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1810/18100100.htm |journal=Frontline |title=The disqualification debate |first=T. S. |last=Subramanian |date=21 May 2001 |volume=18 |issue=10 |access-date=10 November 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407091130/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1810/18100100.htm |archive-date= 7 April 2014 }}</ref> Despite this, the AIADMK won a majority and she was installed as Chief Minister as a non-elected member of the state assembly on 14 May 2001.<ref name="CMlist"/> She was also convicted in [[Pleasant Stay hotel case]] on 3 February 2000 by a trial court to one-year imprisonment. Jayalalithaa was acquitted in both the TANSI and Pleasant Stay Hotel cases on 4 December 2001 and the Supreme Court upheld the order of the High Court on 24 November 2003.<ref name=Andi>{{cite news|title=Jayalalitha files nomination papers from Andipatti constituency|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1021448661.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409233844/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1021448661.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 April 2016|publisher=Hindustan Times|date=15 April 2006|access-date=31 October 2015|location=New Delhi|via=HighBeam Research|work=Newswire|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=rediff>{{cite news|title=SC acquits Jaya in Tansi land deal case|url=http://ia.rediff.com/news/2003/nov/24sc.htm|last=Singh|first=Onkar|date=24 November 2003|publisher=Rediff|access-date=1 January 2014}}</ref>
 The AIADMK returned to power in [[2001 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2001]], although Jayalalithaa was personally disbarred from contesting due to the corruption cases. Within a few months of her taking oath as chief minister, in September 2001, she was disqualified from holding office, and forced to cede the chair to aide [[O. Panneerselvam]].
 === Third term as Chief Minister, 2002 ===
 Upon her acquittal six months later, Jayalalithaa returned as chief minister to complete her term. Noted for its ruthlessness to political opponents, many of whom were arrested in midnight raids, her government grew unpopular. Her appointment was legally voided in September 2001 when the Supreme Court ruled that she could not hold it whilst convicted of criminal acts.<ref name="disqual"/> [[O. Panneerselvam]], a minister in her party, was subsequently installed as the Chief Minister. However, his government was purported to have been [[puppet government|puppeted]] and micro-managed by Jayalalithaa.<ref name="CMlist">{{cite web|title=List of Chief Ministers in Tamil Nadu |url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/list/cmlist.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060630012821/http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/list/cmlist.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 June 2006 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly |access-date=10 November 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Panneerselvam govt only a temporary arrangement |url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-09-22/india/27240781_1_jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-portfolios |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131118030707/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-09-22/india/27240781_1_jayalalithaa-tamil-nadu-portfolios |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 November 2013 |date=22 September 2001 |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=17 June 2013 }}</ref>
 Subsequently, in March 2002, Jayalalithaa assumed the position of Chief Minister once more, having been acquitted of some charges by the [[Madras High Court]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/end-of-7year-lean-phase-for-aiadmk/article2019520.ece |newspaper=The Hindu | title=End of 7-year lean phase for AIADMK |access-date=21 August 2016 |date=15 May 2011 |first=T. |last=Ramakrishnan |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> This cleared the way for her to contest a mid-term poll to the [[Andipatti (State Assembly Constituency)|Andipatti]] constituency, after the sitting MLA for the seat, gave up his membership, which she won by a handsome margin.
 [[File:The Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh with the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Dr. J. Jayalalitha.jpg|thumb|left|Jayalalithaa with then [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Manmohan Singh]]]]
 India's first company of female police commandos was set up in Tamil Nadu in 2003. They underwent the same training as their male counterparts, covering the handling of weapons, detection and disposal of bombs, driving, horseriding, and adventure sports.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2976142.stm|title=Indian women join elite police|publisher=BBC | first=Charles|last=Haviland|date=10 June 2003|access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> The government led by her in 2003 banned sale of all lotteries, including online, within the territory of the state, despite the risk of the state losing revenue. She gave orders to a special task force headed by [[K. Vijay Kumar|K. Vijaykumar]]<ref>{{cite work|first=K. Vijay |last=Kumar |url=http://www.theweek.in/theweek/cover/vijay-kumar-jayalalithaa.html |title=The CM, Veerappan and I |work=The Week |date=18 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> to conduct a secret operation to capture and kill the bandit [[Veerappan]] by entering Karnataka.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/lite/story/jayalalithaa-dead-biggest-achievements-cm/1/781452.html |title=I am legend: Jayalalithaa's top 10 achievements |work=India Today |date=5 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017 }}{{dead link|date=May 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In 2004 she declared eliminating Veerappan as biggest achievement of her government and quoted ""My only brief to them was capture Veerappan dead or alive. After that I never interfered. I left them to work out their own strategies and this paid off."<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/amp/veerappans-killing-is-my-governments-greatest-achievement-amma/256427 |title= Veerappan's killing is my government's greatest achievement: Amma |work= Outlook India |date= 19 October 2004 |access-date= 3 May 2017}}</ref> She began to be referred as 'People's CM' (Makallin Mudhalvar) and Iron Lady of India by end of this term.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesnow.tv/india/article/j-jayalalithaa-the-iron-lady-of-indian-politics/52692 |title=The Iron Lady of Indian Politics |work=Times Now |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> In this term she launched Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) scheme in 2001 to rejuvenate water sources and this improved ground water levels in the parched southern state and this idea was replicated by various states and even by the centre. She also started the Veeranam project to deliver water to the dry metropolis of Chennai.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/jayalalithaa-s-five-most-noteworthy-contributions-to-tamil-nadu-116120500890_1.html|title=Jayalalithaa's five most noteworthy contributions to Tamil Nadu|first=T. E. Narasimhan & Gireesh|last=Babu|date=6 December 2016|access-date=20 December 2019|via=Business Standard|newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref> Doctor Manmohan Singh frequently praised Jayalalithaa for her administrative skills, mid-day meal schemes and efforts for gender empowerment.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.pressreader.com/india/hindustan-times-kolkata/20161207/281767038848843 |title=Hindustan Times |publisher=PressReader.com |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
@@ Line 188: / Line 176: @@
 But, still her party fared poorly in May [[2006 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election]], 2006 with Her party winning just 61 seats out of total 234 in the state elections in 2006. She won in Andipatti. Though her main opposition, DMK did not win a single party majority (96/234), DMK coalition had 162/234 seats and formed the cabinet until 2011 which she referred to as "Minority DMK government".<ref>{{cite news|date=11 May 2006 |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newswire/story/dmk-to-form-minority-govt-in-tamil-nadu/384201 |title=DMK to form minority govt in Tamil Nadu |work=Outlook}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=17 August 2009 |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/AIADMK-attacks-Karuna-for-Mrs-Jaya-remark-54549-2009-08-17 |title=AIADMK attacks Karuna for 'Mrs Jaya' remark |work=India Today|access-date=18 August 2009}}</ref>
 === Fourth term as Chief Minister, 2011 ===
 After another period (2006–11) in the opposition, Jayalalithaa was sworn in as chief minister for the fourth time after the AIADMK swept the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|2011 assembly election]] and stromed back to power. Her government received attention for its extensive social-welfare agenda, which included several subsidised "Amma"-branded goods such as (Amma canteens, Amma bottled water, Amma salt, Amma medical shops, Amma cement and Amma baby care kit).
 In April 2011, the AIADMK was part of a 13-party alliance that won the [[2011 Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly election|14th state assembly elections]]. Jayalalithaa was sworn in as the chief minister of Tamil Nadu for the fourth time on 16 May 2011, having been elected unanimously as the leader of the AIADMK party subsequent to those elections.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/article2021167.ece| title=Jayalalithaa sworn in Tamil Nadu Chief Minister | newspaper=The Hindu| date=16 March 2011| access-date=16 March 2011| location=Chennai, India}}</ref>
 [[File:Secretary Clinton and Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Javalaithaa Shake Hands.jpg|thumb|The then [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] [[Hillary Clinton]] met Jayalalithaa in July 2011]]
+On 19 December 2011, Jayalalithaa expelled her long-time close associate [[V. K. Sasikala]] and 13 others from the AIADMK after she became aware that Sasikala and her family were working against her.Most of the party members welcomed her decision.The matter was resolved by 31 March when Sasikala was reinstated as a party member after issuing a written apology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article371374.ece |title=Sasikala back at Poes Garden |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Sasikala in her written apology mentioned that she had no ambitions either in the party or in the government and wanted to serve Jayalalithaa and added that she became aware of misdeeds done by her family members when Jayalalithaa was in power. Only after Sasikala promised to be not in touch with her family members, Jayalalithaa allowed Sasikala back to her house.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-natarajan-friend-shadow-sister-and-now-jayalalithaa-s-political-heir-54953 |title=Sasikala : Friend, shadow, sister and now Jayalalithaa's political heir |work=The News Minute |date=5 February 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
-On 19 December 2011, Jayalalithaa expelled her long-time close aide [[V. K. Sasikala]] and 13 others from the AIADMK after she became aware that Sasikala and her family were working against her.Most of the party members welcomed her decision.The matter was resolved by 31 March when Sasikala  was reinstated as a party member after issuing a written apology.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newindianexpress.com/states/tamil_nadu/article371374.ece |title=Sasikala back at Poes Garden |newspaper=The New Indian Express |date=3 April 2012 |access-date=10 November 2013}}</ref> Sasikala in her written apology mentioned that she had no ambitions either in the party or in the government and wanted to serve Jayalalithaa and added that she became aware of misdeeds done by her family members when Jayalalithaa was in power. Only after Sasikala promised to be not in touch with her family members, Jayalalithaa allowed Sasikala back to her house.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenewsminute.com/article/sasikala-natarajan-friend-shadow-sister-and-now-jayalalithaa-s-political-heir-54953 |title=Sasikala : Friend, shadow, sister and now Jayalalithaa's political heir |work=The News Minute |date=5 February 2017 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
 In this term, she announced the Pension Scheme for Destitute Transgender by which those above ages of 40 could get a monthly pension of Rs.1,000. Her government ensured members of the transgender community could enrol for education and job.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofindia.com/city/chennai/Transgenders-to-get-Rs-1000-monthly-pension/articleshow/15322613.cms |title=Transgenders to get Rs 1,000 monthly pension |work=The Times of India |date=2 August 2012 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Beginning from 2011, every year her government gave free laptops to students who clear tenth and twelfth standard to impart digital education to rural areas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.startupindiascheme.com/free-laptop-tamil-nadu/ |title=Free laptop Scheme Tamil Nadu |publisher=Startupindiascheme |date=14 February 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517173254/http://www.startupindiascheme.com/free-laptop-tamil-nadu/ |archive-date=17 May 2017 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Her government in 2011 decided to give four goats and a cow to each family below poverty line — mixer and grinders and fans for households, 3 sets of free uniforms, school, bags, notebooks, geometry boxes for all children in government schools, and cycles and laptops for Class 11 and 12 students.<ref>{{cite news|last=Janardhanan |first=Arun |url=https://www.indianexpress.com/article/elections-2016/explained/the-jayalalithaa-model-works-power-to-the-people-and-freebies-for-the-poor-2808796/lite/ |title=The Jayalalithaa model works: Power to the people and freebies for the poor |work=The Indian Express |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> In 2011 she launched the marriage assistance scheme wherein the female students received 4 gram gold free for use as Thirumangalyam for their marriage and cash assistance up to Rs.50,000 for undergraduate or diploma holding females.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/revised-marriage-aid-scheme-launched/article2082606.ece |title=Revised marriage aid scheme launched |newspaper=The Hindu |date=7 June 2011 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> There were rampant power cut issues between 2006 and 2011 while AIADMK was in opposition wherein for 10 to 15 hours there was no supply of electricity. However, after she regained power, between 2011 and 2015, her state government corrected all the discrepancies of previous [[Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam|DMK]] regime such that the Central Electricity Authority in 2016 said the state is expected to have 11,649 million units of surplus power.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/there-is-no-magic-in-tamil-nadu-being-a-power-surplus-state-jayalalithaa-says/articleshow/53522226.cms|title=There is no magic in Tamil Nadu being a power surplus state, Jayalalithaa says |work=timesofindia |date=3 August 2016}}</ref> Tamil Nadu became among the power surplus states while she was chief minister in this term.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/tamil-nadu-on-verge-of-becoming-power-surplus-state-cm-jayalalithaa/articleshow/48885211.cms |title=Tamil Nadu on verge of becoming power surplus state: CM Jayalalithaa |work=economictimes |date=9 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/energy/power/tamil-nadu-on-verge-of-becoming-power-surplus-state-cm-jayalalithaa/articleshow/48885211.cms |title=TN govt seek PM’s help for evacuation of surplus wind power |work=indianexpress |date=9 July 2016}}</ref> In this term her government ensured the wrongfully usurped property by land grabbing during 2006 to 2011 in the previous DMK regime, had been retrieved and handed over to rightful owners between 2011 and 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/National/2016-05-13/Jayalalithaas-achievements-over-the-last-few-years/227896 |title=Jayalalithaa's achievements over the last few years |work=Thehansindia.com |date=13 May 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref>
@@ Line 205: / Line 190: @@
 In 2015, She also launched 'Amma baby care kit' scheme where every mother who gave birth in the government hospital gets 16 types of products.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/tn-cm-launches-amma-baby-care-kit-scheme-115090800485_1.html |publisher=Business standard|title=TN CM launches 'Amma baby care Kit' scheme| date=2015-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/the-many-things-amma-was-list-of-schemes-implemented-by-jayalalithaa/the-cradle-baby-scheme/slideshow/55831907.cms|publisher=Business standard|title=The many things Amma was: List of schemes implemented by Jayalalithaa| date=2016-12-06}}</ref>
 === Disproportionate assets case, 2014 ===
 [[File:Jayalalithaa Car.jpg|thumb|right|Jayalalithaa's car Toyota Land Cruiser Prado]]
 {{See also|Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa}}
 Three years into her tenure, she was convicted in a [[Disproportionate assets case against Jayalalithaa|disproportionate-assets case]], rendering her disqualified to hold office.
@@ Line 219: / Line 202: @@
 On 14 February 2017 (subsequent to her death) the [[Supreme Court of India]] over-ruled the Karnataka High Court. Sasikala and the other accused were convicted and sentenced to four years of imprisonment, as well as being fined 10 crores each. The case against Jayalalithaa was abated because she had died and hence can't defend herself.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/sasikalas-conviction-in-wealth-case-upheld-by-supreme-court/articleshow/57140345.cms|title=Sasikala's conviction in wealth case upheld by Supreme Court|first=Dhananjay|last=Mahapatra|newspaper=[[Times of India]]|date=14 February 2017}}</ref>
 === Fifth term as Chief Minister, 2015 ===
 [[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Ms. J. Jayalalithaa, in Chennai, Tamil Nadu on August 07, 2015.jpg|thumb|left|Jayalalithaa with [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]]]]
@@ Line 225: / Line 207: @@
 In 2015, she introduced Amma Master Health checkup plan where in people could get various treatments done at a low fee in government hospitals and rolled out Amma Arogya plan wherein at primary health care centre in Tamil Nadu, certain tests can be done by public twice a week. This was done to help the sections of society who cannot afford the fares asked for by private hospital.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/tn-rolls-out-master-health-plan-for-the-poor/article7580914.ece |title=TN rolls out master health plan for the poor |work=The Hindu |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Later in February 2016 she started the free bus ride scheme for senior citizens above age of 60 wherein person could travel free of cost for 10 times a month.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofindia.com/india/Jayalalithaa-announces-free-bus-ride-scheme-for-senior-citizens/articleshow/51038681.cms |title=Jayalalithaa announces free bus ride scheme for senior citizens |work=The Times of India |date=18 February 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> Her government initiated Global Investors Summit in 2015 which saw over Rs 2.43 lakh crore worth of investments being committed to the state. Jayalalithaa's term, all of them together, saw some big-ticket investments in the state and over $20 billion FDI.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/jayalalithaa-s-five-most-noteworthy-contributions-to-tamil-nadu-116120500890_1.html |title=Jayalalithaa's five most noteworthy contributions to Tamil Nadu |work=The Business Standard |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> The department of industrial policy and promotion data disclosed that Tamil Nadu saw foreign direct investment inflows of $7.3 billion from April 2000 to March 2011; however, this went up to $13.94 billion from April 2011 to December 2015, under her government, which at as per conversion rate {{as of|2016|lc=y}} equals Rs 83,766 crore. Between April 2015 and December 2015, the State attracted $4.3 billion in FDI.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.newstodaynet.com/chennai/jaya-propelled-states-business-prospects/ | title=Jaya Propelled States Business Prospects &#124; Latest Information on Breaking News & Updates on Chennai at News Today| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725112337/https://www.newstodaynet.com/chennai/jaya-propelled-states-business-prospects/| archive-date=25 July 2018}}</ref>
 === Sixth consecutive term as Chief Minister, 2016 ===
 [[File:The Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, Ms. J. Jayalalithaa and the Union Minister for Urban Development, Housing %26 Urban Poverty Alleviation and Information %26 Broadcasting, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu.jpg|thumb|right|Jayalalithaa with [[Vice President of India|Vice President]] [[Venkaiah Naidu]] in foundation stone laying ceremony]]
@@ Line 233: / Line 214: @@
 Her government within 100 days of resuming power in May 2016, wrote off the outstanding crop loans given by cooperative banks to over 16.94 lakh farmers, gave free power to households to extent of first 100 units and gave free power to handloom weavers to extent of 200 units, gave 750 units of power to power loom weavers, implemented closure of 500 liquor shops and reduction of working hours of liquor outlets emergence of power surplus states. The establishment of first 1,000 MW nuclear power plant at Kudankulam is also regarded as one of her achievements.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/jayalalithaa-completes-100-days-in-office-116083100288_1.html|title=Jayalalithaa completes 100 days in office|date=31 August 2016|access-date=20 December 2019|via=Business Standard|newspaper=Business Standard India}}</ref> She increased the freedom fighters monthly pension to Rs 12,000, family pension and increased special pension to Rs 6,000.<ref>{{cite news|agency=IANS |url=http://www.theweek.in/news/india/jayalalithaa-completes-100-days-office.html |title=Chief Minister Jayalalithaa completes 100 days in office |work=The Week |date=31 August 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017}}</ref> On 21 September 2016 she inaugurated two [[Chennai Metro]] rail lines by way of video conferencing.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.indialivetoday.com/chief-minister-jayalalithaa-inaugurates-2nd-elevated-corridor-chennai-metro/33886.html |title=Chief Minister Jayalalithaa inaugurates 2nd elevated corridor of Chennai Metro |work=India Live Today |date=21 September 2016 |access-date=3 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211155328/http://www.indialivetoday.com/chief-minister-jayalalithaa-inaugurates-2nd-elevated-corridor-chennai-metro/33886.html |archive-date=11 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This was her last public appearance before being admitted to hospital on 22 September 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nation-world/a-timeline-of-events-since-jayalalithaa-was-hospitalised/amma-was-admitted-on-sept-22/slideshow/55807418.cms|title= Jayalalithaa – Economic Times|website=Economic Times|access-date=25 October 2019}}</ref>
 == Notes ==
 {{notelist}}
 == References ==
 {{Reflist}}
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Jayaram, Jayalalithaa}}
 [[Category:Jayalalithaa]]