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===Zimbabwe===
===Zimbabwe===
1.558 million HARARE (capital) (2022)
1.558 million HARARE (capital) (2022)
==Definitions==
[[Europe]]an countries define urbanized areas on the basis of urban-type [[land use]], not allowing any gaps of typically more than {{convert|200|m|yd}}, and use [[satellite imagery]] instead of census blocks to determine the boundaries of the urban area. In less-developed countries{{which|date=September 2019}}, in addition to land use and density requirements, a requirement that a large majority of the population, typically 75%, is not engaged in agriculture and/or fishing is sometimes used.{{citation needed|date=October 2020}}
===East Asia===
====China====
{{Main|List of cities in China by population and built-up area}}
Since 2000, [[China]]'s cities have expanded at an average rate of 10% annually. It is estimated that China's urban population will increase by 292 million people by 2050,<ref name="UrbanPopulation"/> when its cities will house a combined population of over one billion.<ref name=McKinseyUrbanBillion>{{cite web|url=http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/mgi/research/urbanization/preparing_for_urban_billion_in_china|title=Preparing for China's urban billion|publisher=McKinsey Global Institute|date=February 2009|access-date=12 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224074932/http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/mgi/research/urbanization/preparing_for_urban_billion_in_china|archive-date=24 December 2012|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The country's urbanization rate increased from 17.4% to 46.6% between 1978 and 2009.<ref name="Ref_abcd">{{cite web|url=http://wbi.worldbank.org/wbi/Data/wbi/wbicms/files/drupal-acquia/wbi/urban_china_urbanization2011.pdf|title=China urbanization (PDF)|publisher=World Bank Institute|year=2011|access-date=12 December 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115173104/http://wbi.worldbank.org/wbi/Data/wbi/wbicms/files/drupal-acquia/wbi/urban_china_urbanization2011.pdf|archive-date=15 January 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Between 150 and 200&nbsp;million [[migrant worker]]s work part-time in the major cities, returning home to the countryside periodically with their earnings.<ref name="Harney2008">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/02/01/china.migrants/index.html|title=Migrants are China's 'factories without smoke'|publisher=CNN |first=Alexandra|last=Harney|date=3 February 2008|access-date=27 March 2009}}</ref><ref name="Tschang2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/feb2009/gb2009024_357998.htm|title=A Tough New Year for China's Migrant Workers|work=Business Week |first=Chi-Chu|last=Tschang|date=4 February 2009|access-date=27 March 2009}}</ref>
Today, China has more cities with one million or more long-term residents than any other country, including the three [[global city|global cities]] of [[Beijing]], Hong Kong, and [[Shanghai]]; by 2025, the country will be home to 221 cities with over a million inhabitants.<ref name=McKinseyUrbanBillion/> The figures in the table below are from the 2008 census, and are only estimates of the urban populations within administrative city limits; a different ranking exists when considering the total municipal populations (which includes suburban and rural populations). The large "[[floating population]]s" of migrant workers make conducting censuses in urban areas difficult;<ref name="Ref_abce">Francesco Sisci. "China's floating population a headache for census". ''The Straits Times''. 22 September 2000.</ref> the figures below include only long-term residents.
{{wide image|Shanghai_Pudong_Panorama_Jan_2_2014.jpg|1000px|Panoramic view of [[Pudong|Pudong's]] Skyline from [[the Bund (Shanghai)|the Bund]] in [[Shanghai]].}}
====Japan====
In [[Japan]] urbanized areas are defined as [[Geographic contiguity|contiguous]] areas of densely inhabited districts (DIDs) using [[census]] enumeration districts as units with a density requirement of {{convert|4000|PD/sqkm|PD/sqmi}}.
===South Asia===
====India====
{{Main|Urbanisation in India|List of cities in India by population}}
For the Census of India 2011, the definition of urban area is a place having a minimum population of 5,000 of density {{convert|400|/km2|/sqmi |adj=pre|persons}} or higher, and 75% plus of the male working population employed in non-agricultural activities. Places administered by a municipal corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee are automatically considered urban areas.<ref>{{cite web|title=Provisional Population Totals Urban Agglomerations and Cities, Data Highlights|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2-vol2/data_files/India2/1.%20Data%20Highlight.pdf|publisher=Census of India 2011|date=13 February 2012}}</ref>
The Census of India 2011 also defined the term "urban agglomeration" as an integrated urban area consisting of a core town together with its "outgrowths" (contiguous suburbs).<ref>{{cite web|title=Urban Agglomeration|url=http://www.arthapedia.in/index.php?title=Urban_Agglomeration|website=Arthapedia|publisher=India Economic Service|language=en|date=10 April 2015}}</ref>
[[File:INDIA GATE PANORAMIC VIEW AT NIGHT.jpg|center|thumb|955x955px|India gate panorama.]]
{{Largest urban agglomerations in India|class=}}
====Pakistan====
{{Main|Urbanisation in Pakistan|List of most populous cities in Pakistan}}
In [[Pakistan]], an area is a major [[city]] and [[municipality]] if it has more than 100,000 inhabitants according to census results.
Cities include adjacent [[Cantonments (Pakistan)|cantonments]].
Urbanisation in '''[[Pakistan]]''' has increased since the time of independence and has several different causes. The majority of southern Pakistan's population lives along the Indus River. Karachi is its most populous city.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Urban Frontier—Karachi|newspaper = NPR|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=91009748|publisher=National Public Radio|date=2 June 2008| access-date=2 July 2008}}</ref> In the northern half of the country, most of the population lives in an arc formed by the cities of [[Lahore]], [[Faisalabad]], [[Rawalpindi]], [[Islamabad]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Sialkot]], [[Gujrat city|Gujrat]], [[Jhelum]], [[Sargodha]], [[Sheikhupura]], [[Nowshera, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa|Nowshera]], [[Mardan]] and [[Peshawar]]. During 1990–2008, city dwellers made up 36% of Pakistan's population, making it the most urbanised nation in South Asia. Furthermore, 50% of Pakistanis live in towns of 5,000 people or more.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/aug/17/pakistan|work=The Guardian |location=London|title=Pakistan looks to life without the general|author=Jason Burke|date=17 August 2008|access-date=20 May 2010}}</ref>
Karachi is the most populated city in Pakistan closely followed by Lahore according to the [[2017 Census of Pakistan|2017 Census]].
====Bangladesh====
In [[Bangladesh]], there are total 532 urban areas, which are divided into three categories. Those are [[List of City Corporations of Bangladesh|City Corporation]], [[List of Municipal Corporations of Bangladesh|Municipal Corporation]] (Pourasova) and [[Upazila|Upazila town]]. Among those urban areas, [[Dhaka]] is the largest city by population and area, with a population of 19.10 million.<ref>{{Cite web|date=March 2014|title=Bangladesh Population & Housing Census-2011|url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/National%20Reports/Union%20Statistics.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208044832/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/National%20Reports/Union%20Statistics.pdf|archive-date=8 December 2015|publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> In [[Bangladesh]], there are total 11 [[City Corporations in Bangladesh|City Corporations]] and 329 [[Municipal Corporations in Bangladesh|Municipal Corporations]] and 203 [[Small town]]s, which serves as the center for [[Upazila]]s. According to 2011 population census, [[Bangladesh]] has an urban population of 28%, with a growth rate of 2.8%.<ref>{{Citation|title=Population and Housing Census 2011 - Volume 3: Urban Area Report|date=Aug 2014|url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/National%20Reports/Population%20%20Housing%20Census%202011.pdf|publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics}}</ref> At this growth rate, it is estimated that the urban population of Bangladesh will reach 79 million or 42% of total population by 2035.
===Southeast Asia===
{{clear}}
{{Largest Cities in Southeast Asia|class=}}
====Philippines====
With an estimated population of 16.3 million, [[Metro Manila]] is the most populous metropolitan area in the [[Philippines#Metropolitan areas|Philippines]] and the [[List of metropolitan areas by population|11th in the world]]. However, the greater urban area is the [[List of urban areas by population|5th largest in the world]] with a population of 20,654,307 people (2010 estimate).<ref name="WG">{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=a&va=&srt=pnan|title=World: metropolitan areas|publisher=World Gazetteer|access-date=2010-01-22|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930211424/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&srt=npan&col=aohdq&pt=a&va=&srt=pnan|archive-date=2007-09-30}}</ref>
====Singapore====
{{see|Geography of Singapore|Planning Areas of Singapore}}
As an island [[city-state]], about 5.6 million people live and work within {{convert|700|km2}}. With 64 [[List of islands of Singapore|islands and islets]], [[Singapore Island]] makes up the largest urban area in the country. According to the [[United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific]], the country has the highest urbanised population in Southeast Asia, with 100 percent of its population living in an urban area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/The%20State%20of%20Asian%20and%20Pacific%20Cities%202015.pdf|title=The State of Asian and Pacific Cities 2015|publisher=United Nations ESCAP|date=2015|accessdate=August 18, 2021}}</ref> The [[Urban Redevelopment Authority]] (URA) is responsible for the urban land-use planning, which designates land use and [[Urban density|urban density]] of the country.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ura.gov.sg/Corporate/About-Us/What-We-Do|title=Singapore Urban Redevelopment Authority|publisher=URA (Singapore)|accessdate=August 18, 2021}}</ref> The country is divided into 5 [[Regions of Singapore|regions]] for planning purposes by the URA, even though as a city state Singapore is defined as a single continuous urban area. It is further subdivided into 55 [[Planning Areas of Singapore|urban planning areas]], which acts as the boundaries of [[New towns of Singapore|planned towns]] within the country.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ura.gov.sg/dgp_reports/angmokio/main.html |title=Urban Redevelopment Authourity |access-date=2007-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612192146/http://www.ura.gov.sg/dgp_reports/angmokio/main.html |archive-date=2007-06-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
====Vietnam====
In Vietnam, there are 6 types of urban areas:
* Special urban area (2 municipalities): [[Hanoi]] and [[Ho Chi Minh City]].
* Type I urban area (18 provincial cities and 3 municipalities):  [[Long Xuyên]], [[Pleiku]], [[Mỹ Tho]], [[Thủ Dầu Một]], [[Bắc Ninh]], [[Biên Hòa]], [[Hải Dương]], [[Thanh Hóa]], [[Hạ Long]], [[Việt Trì]], [[Thái Nguyên]], [[Nam Định]], [[Vũng Tàu]], [[Buôn Ma Thuột]], [[Đà Lạt]], [[Quy Nhơn]], [[Nha Trang]], [[Huế]], [[Vinh]], [[Cần Thơ]], [[Đà Nẵng]] and [[Hải Phòng]].
* Type II urban area (21 provincial cities and 1 district):[[Châu Đốc]], [[Đồng Hới]], [[Uông Bí]], [[Bắc Giang]], [[Ninh Bình]], [[Bạc Liêu]], [[Bà Rịa]], [[Thái Bình]], [[Rạch Giá]], [[Cà Mau]], [[Phan Rang–Tháp Chàm]], [[Tuy Hòa]], [[Phan Thiết]], [[Vĩnh Yên]], [[Lào Cai]] and [[Phú Quốc]].
* Type III urban area (31 provincial cities and 12 towns).
* Type IV urban area (35 towns and 35 townships).
* Type V urban area (586 townships and 54 communes).
===Europe===
====Finland====
{{Main|Urban areas in Finland|List of urban areas in Finland by population}}
[[File:Taajama kyltti Vimpelissä.jpg|thumb|upright|A street sign indicating the beginning of an urban area in Finland. The picture was taken in [[Vimpeli]].]]
[[Urban areas in the Nordic countries|As in other Nordic countries]], an urban area (''taajama'' in [[Finnish language|Finnish]]) in Finland must have a building at least every {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=on}} and at least 200 people. To be considered a [[town]] or a [[city]] (''kaupunki'') for statistical purposes, an urban area must have at least 15,000 people. This is not to be confused with the city / town designation used by [[Municipalities of Finland|municipalities]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.fi/meta/kas/taajama_en.html|title=Locality – Concepts |publisher=Statistics Finland}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ymparisto.fi/fi-FI/Elinymparisto_ja_kaavoitus/Yhdyskuntarakenne/Tietoa_yhdyskuntarakenteesta/Kaupunkimaaseutu_luokitus/Alueluokkien_kuvaukset|title= Alueluokkien kuvaukset|publisher=Ymparisto }}</ref>
====France====
{{Main|Urban area (France)}}
In [[France]], an urban area (''Fr: [[aire urbaine]]'') is a zone encompassing an area of built-up growth (called an "urban unit" (''[[unité urbaine]]'')<ref name="unité urbaine">{{Cite web| url=http://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c1501|website=Definitions, methods and quality |title=Urban unit| access-date=2019-01-18|date=October 31, 2016|language=en|publisher=INSEE}}</ref> – close in definition to the North American urban area) and its commuter belt (''[[couronne périurbaine|couronne]]''). Americans would find the [[INSEE]] definition of the urban area<ref name="aire urbaine">{{Cite web| url=http://www.insee.fr/en/metadonnees/definition/c2070|website=Definitions, methods and quality| title=Urban area|access-date=2019-01-18|date=October 31, 2016|language=en|publisher=INSEE}}</ref> to be similar to their [[metropolitan area]], and the INSEE sometimes uses the term ''aire métropolitaine''<ref name="aires métropolitaines">{{Cite web| url=https://www.insee.fr/en/statistiques/1280953| title=An administrative segmentation of French territory: 12 metropolitan areas, 29 large urban areas | access-date=2019-01-18|language=en|publisher=INSEE|date=January 18, 2011}}</ref> to refer to the country's largest ''aires urbaines''.
The [[List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants|largest cities]] in France, in terms of urban area population (2017), are [[Paris]] (12,628,266), [[Lyon]] (2,323,221), [[Marseille]] (1,760,653), [[Toulouse]] (1,360,829), [[Bordeaux]] (1,247,977), [[Lille]] (1,191,117), [[Nice]] (1,006,201), [[Nantes]] (972,828), [[Strasbourg]] (790,087) and [[Rennes]] (733,320).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4277602?sommaire=4318291|title=Tableaux de l'économie française, Édition 2020, Villes et communes de France|publisher=INSEE|access-date=11 December 2020}}</ref>
{{wide image|Tour Eiffel 360 Panorama.jpg|1420px|Panorama of Paris as seen from the [[Eiffel Tower]] as full 360-degree view (river flowing from north-east to south-west, right to left)}}
====Germany====
Germany has a number of large [[List of cities in Germany|cities]]. The largest [[conurbation]] is the [[Rhine-Ruhr]] region (11&nbsp;million {{as of|2008|alt=in 2008}}), including [[Düsseldorf]] (the capital of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]), [[Cologne]], [[Bonn]], [[Dortmund]], [[Essen]], [[Duisburg]], and [[Bochum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Laender-Regionen/Regionales/Gemeindeverzeichnis/Administrativ-Nicht/30-verdichtungsraeume.html|title=Verdichtungsräume nach Fläche, Bevölkerung und Bevölkerungsdichte am 31.12.2017, im November 2018 wegen korrigierter Bevölkerung revidiert|year=2017|publisher=Statistisches Bundesamt|page=10|language=de|access-date=24 March 2019}}</ref>{{Clear}}
{{Largest urban agglomerations in Germany|class=}}
====Netherlands====
The Netherlands is the 30th [[List of countries by population density|most densely populated]] country in the world, with {{convert|404.6|PD/sqkm|sigfig=4}}—or {{convert|497|PD/sqkm|sigfig=4}} if only the land area is counted. The [[Randstad]] is the country's largest [[conurbation]] located in the west of the country and contains the four largest cities: Amsterdam, [[Rotterdam]], [[The Hague]], and [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]]. The Randstad has a population of 7&nbsp;million inhabitants and is the [[List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population|6th largest]] [[metropolitan area]] in Europe.
====Sweden====
{{Main|List of urban areas in Sweden by population}}
[[Urban areas in Sweden]] (''tätorter'') are statistically defined localities, totally independent of the administrative subdivision of the country. There are 1,956 such localities in [[Sweden]], with a population ranging from 200 to 1,372,000 inhabitants.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Fortsatt stor ökning av befolkning i tätorter|publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]]|url=http://www.scb.se/Pages/PressRelease____317009.aspx|access-date=2011-06-24|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112062733/http://www.scb.se/Pages/PressRelease____317009.aspx|archive-date=2012-01-12}}</ref>
====United Kingdom====
{{Main|List of urban areas in the United Kingdom}}
In 2013 the [[United Kingdom]]'s [[Office for National Statistics]] (ONS) published ''2011 Built-up Areas - Methodology and Guidance'' which sets out its definition of a built-up area as an area of built-up land of at least {{convert|20|ha|sqmi}}, separated from other settlements by at least {{convert|200|m}}. For 2011 census data there are 5,493 built-up areas, of which 501 are divided into sub-divisions for which data is also available. Each built-up area is named algorithmically, using Ordnance Survey place-name data.<ref name="ons">{{cite web |title=2011 Built-up Areas - Methodology and Guidance |url=https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/articles/ref/builtupareas_userguidance.pdf |publisher=Office for National Statistics |access-date=28 June 2021 |date=2013}}</ref>
The ONS has produced census results from urban areas since 1951, since 1981 based upon the extent of irreversible urban development indicated on [[Ordnance Survey]] maps. The definition is an extent of at least 20 ha and at least 1,500 census residents. Separate areas are linked if less than 200 m (220 yd) apart. Included are transportation features.<ref>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/StatBase/ssdataset.asp?vlnk=8271&Pos=2&ColRank=1&Rank=224 KS01 Usual resident population: Census 2001, Key Statistics for urban areas] <br/>For the OS definition of an Urban Area, see the notes tab on the Excel version.</ref> The UK has five Urban Areas with a population over a million and a further sixty nine with a [[List of urban areas in the United Kingdom#List of urban areas in the UK with a population over 100,000|population over one hundred thousand]].
{{Largest Urban Areas of the United Kingdom|class=}}
====Norway====
{{Main|List of urban areas in Norway by population}}
[[Statistics Norway]] defines urban areas ("tettsteder") [[Urban areas in the Nordic countries|similarly to the other Nordic countries]]. Unlike in Denmark and Sweden, the distance between each building has to be of less than 50 m, although exceptions are made due to parks, industrial areas, rivers, and similar. Groups of houses less than 400 m from the main body of an urban area are included in the urban area.<ref name="ssb1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/02/01/10/beftett_en/ |title=Population statistics. Population and land area in urban settlements, 1 January 2008 |access-date=2009-04-17 |date=June 20, 2008 |work=Statistics Norway }}</ref>
====Poland====
In [[Poland]], official "urban" population figures simply refer to those localities which have the status of towns (''miasta''). The "rural" population is that of all areas outside the boundaries of these towns. This distinction may give a misleading impression in some cases, since some localities with only village status may have acquired larger and denser populations than many many smaller towns<ref>{{cite web|title=Polish official population figures|url=http://www.stat.gov.pl/gus/45_655_PLK_HTML.htm}}</ref> with most excessive example of [[Poznań]], most spread urban area of the country with population of the city app. 534 thousand and urban area above 1,100 thousand inhabitants. On the other hand, the [[Upper Silesian Industrial Region]] conurbation with numerous large and medium cities covers 3,200&nbsp;km and has approximately 3 million people.
====Russia====
[[Moscow]], the capital and [[List of cities and towns in Russia by population|largest city]] of [[Russia]], has a population estimated at 12.4 million residents within the city limits,<ref name=est.2020>{{cite web|title=RUSSIA: Central'nyj Federal'nyj Okrug – Central Federal District|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/russia/cities/central/|publisher=City Population.de|date=August 8, 2020|access-date=September 1, 2020}}</ref> while over 17 million residents in the urban area,<ref name="Urban">{{cite web|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|title=Demographia World Urban Areas|publisher=Demographia|access-date=July 22, 2020}}</ref> and over 20 million residents in the [[Moscow metropolitan area|Moscow Metropolitan Area]].<ref name="Megapolis">{{cite web|url=https://strelkamag.com/en/article/moscow-agglomeration|title=A 3-Hour Commute: A Close Look At Moscow The Megapolis|work=Strelka Mag|author=Alexander Akishin|date=August 17, 2017|access-date=May 23, 2020}}</ref> It is among the [[List of largest cities|world's largest cities]], being the [[List of European cities by population within city limits|most populous city]] entirely within [[Europe]], the [[List of urban areas in Europe|most populous urban area]] in Europe,<ref name="Urban"/> the [[List of metropolitan areas in Europe|most populous metropolitan area]] in Europe,<ref name="Megapolis"/> and also the largest city by land area on the European continent.<ref name="Planète Énergies">{{Cite web|url=https://www.planete-energies.com/en/medias/close/moscow-city-undergoing-transformation|title=Moscow, a City Undergoing Transformation|work=Planète Énergies|date=September 11, 2017|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref> [[Saint Petersburg]], the cultural capital, is the second-largest city, with a population of roughly 5.4 million inhabitants.<ref>{{cite web|title=RUSSIA: Severo-Zapadnyj Federal'nyj Okrug: Northwestern Federal District|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/russia/cities/northwestern/|publisher=City Population.de|date=8 August 2020|access-date=October 24, 2020}}</ref> Other major urban areas are [[Yekaterinburg]], [[Novosibirsk]], [[Kazan]], [[Nizhny Novgorod]], and [[Chelyabinsk]].
<gallery mode="packed" heights="130">
File:Business Centre of Moscow 2.jpg|[[Moscow]], the capital and largest city of [[Russia]]
File:Spb 06-2017 img01 Spit of Vasilievsky Island.jpg|[[Saint Petersburg]], the cultural capital and the second-largest city
File:E-burg asv2019-05 img46 view from VysotSky.jpg|[[Yekaterinburg]], the fourth-largest city in the country.
</gallery>
===Oceania===
====Australia====
The [[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] refers to urban areas as Urban Centres, which it generally defines as population clusters of 1,000 or more people.<ref name="AUS">{{cite web|title=Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS)|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/Lookup/2901.0Chapter23102011|accessdate=21 October 2021}}</ref> Australia is one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with more than 50% of the population residing in Australia's three biggest urban centres.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}<ref name="AUS"/>
{{wide image|Sydney Harbour Bridge night.jpg|800px|[[Sydney]] is Australia's largest city, home to 5.3 million inhabitants.<ref name="ABSMRSYD">{{cite web|date=30 March 2021|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2019–20|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/2018-19|archive-date=30 March 2021|access-date=30 March 2021|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]}}</ref>}}
====New Zealand====
{{Main|Urban areas of New Zealand}}
[[Statistics New Zealand]] defines urban areas in New Zealand, which are independent of any administrative subdivisions and have no legal basis.<ref name=defn>{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/surveys_and_methods/methods/classifications-and-standards/classification-related-stats-standards/urban-area/definition.aspx |title=Urban area: Definition |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |access-date=10 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113181922/http://www.stats.govt.nz/surveys_and_methods/methods/classifications-and-standards/classification-related-stats-standards/urban-area/definition.aspx |archive-date=13 November 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> There are four classes of urban area: major urban areas (population 100,000+), large urban areas (population 30,000-99,999), medium urban areas (population 10,000-29,999) and small urban areas (population 1000-9,999). As of 2021, there are 7 major urban areas, 13 large urban areas, 22 medium urban areas and 136 small urban areas. Urban areas are reclassified after each [[New Zealand census]], so population changes between censuses does not change an urban area's classification.
===North America===
====Canada====
{{Main|List of the largest population centres in Canada}}
According to [[Statistics Canada]], an urban area in [[Canada]] is an area with a population of at least 1,000 people where the density is no fewer than {{convert|400|/km2|/sqmi |adj=pre|persons}}.<ref name=StatCan1>{{cite web |url= http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/ref/dict/geo049-eng.cfm | title=Urban area (UA) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=2009-11-20 | access-date=2011-01-21}}</ref> If two or more urban areas are within {{convert|2|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} of each other by road, they are merged into a single urban area, provided they do not cross [[census metropolitan area]] or [[census agglomeration]] boundaries.<ref name=StatCan2>{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2006/ref/dict/geo049a-eng.cfm | title=More information on Urban area (UA) | publisher=Statistics Canada | date=2009-11-20 | access-date=2011-01-21}}</ref>
In the [[Canada 2011 Census]], Statistics Canada redesignated urban areas with the new term "[[Population centre (Canada)|population centre]]";<ref name=popcentre>[http://www.statcan.gc.ca/subjects-sujets/standard-norme/sgc-cgt/urban-urbain-eng.htm "From urban areas to population centres"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213032942/http://www.statcan.gc.ca/subjects-sujets/standard-norme/sgc-cgt/urban-urbain-eng.htm |date=2012-12-13 }}. [[Statistics Canada]], May 5, 2011.</ref> the new term was chosen in order to better reflect the fact that urban vs. rural is not a strict division, but rather a continuum within which several distinct settlement patterns may exist. For example, a community may fit a strictly statistical definition of an urban area, but may not be commonly thought of as "urban" because it has a smaller population, or functions socially and economically as a suburb of another urban area rather than as a self-contained urban entity, or is geographically remote from other urban communities. Accordingly, the new definition set out three distinct types of population centres: small (population 1,000 to 29,999), medium (population 30,000 to 99,999) and large (population 100,000 or greater).<ref name=popcentre /> Despite the change in terminology, however, the demographic definition of a population centre remains unchanged from that of an urban area: a population of at least 1,000 people where the density is no fewer than 400 persons per km<sup>2</sup>.
====United States====
{{Main|List of United States urban areas}}
In the United States, there are two categories of urban area. The term ''urbanized area'' denotes an urban area of 50,000 or more people. Urban areas under 50,000 people are called ''urban clusters''. Urbanized areas were first delineated in the United States in the 1950 census, while urban clusters were added in the 2000 census. There are 1,371 [[List of United States urban areas|urban areas and urban clusters]] with more than 10,000 people.
The [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]] defines an urban area as "core census block groups or [[census block|blocks]] that have a population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile (386 per square kilometer) and surrounding census blocks that have an overall density of at least 500 people per square mile (193 per square kilometer)".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/GARM/Ch12GARM.pdf|title=The Urban and Rural Classifications|website=Geographic Areas Reference Manual|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>
The largest urban area in the United States is the [[New York metropolitan area]]. The population of [[New York City]], the core of the metropolitan area, exceeds 8.8 million people, its [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|metropolitan statistical area]] has a population that is over 20 million, and its [[List of Combined Statistical Areas|combined statistical area]] population is over 23 million. The next seven largest urban areas in the U.S. are [[Los Angeles]], [[Chicago]], [[Miami]], [[Philadelphia]], [[San Francisco]], [[Houston]], and [[Atlanta]].<ref>United States Census Bureau 2010 Census Urban Area List {{cite web |url=http://www2.census.gov/geo/ua/ua_list_ua.xls |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-05-16 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010082147/http://www2.census.gov/geo/ua/ua_list_ua.xls |archive-date=2012-10-10 }} 2010 Census Urban Area List. Retrieved May 7, 2013.</ref> About 82 percent of the population of the United States lives within the boundaries of an urbanized area as of December, 2010.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/] – accessed January, 2012</ref> Combined, these areas occupy about 2 percent of the land area of the United States. Many Americans live in [[agglomerations]] of [[cities]], [[suburbs]], and [[town]]s that are adjacent to a metropolitan area's largest city.{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}}
{{Wide image|10 mile panorama of NYC, Feb., 2018.jpg|1670px|3=The [[List of tallest buildings in New York City|skyscrapers]] of [[New York City]], the [[List of most populous cities in the United States|most populous city in the United States]] and the [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|most populous U.S. metropolitan area]], are almost all situated in [[Manhattan]], the world's largest [[central business district]], seen here in this panorama in February 2018, as viewed from [[Weehawken, New Jersey]].
{{flatlist|
# [[Riverside Church]]
# [[Time Warner Center]]
# [[220 Central Park South]]
# [[Central Park Tower]]
# [[One57]]
# [[432 Park Avenue]]
# [[53W53]]
# [[Chrysler Building]]
# [[Bank of America Tower (Manhattan)|Bank of America Tower]]
# [[Conde Nast Building]]
# [[The New York Times Building]]
# [[Empire State Building]]
# [[Manhattan West]]
# {{nowrap|a: [[55 Hudson Yards]],}} {{nowrap|b: [[35 Hudson Yards]],}} {{nowrap|c: [[10 Hudson Yards]],}} {{nowrap|d: [[15 Hudson Yards]]}}
# [[56 Leonard Street]]
# [[8 Spruce Street]]
# [[Woolworth Building]]
# [[70 Pine Street]]
# [[30 Park Place]]
# [[40 Wall Street]]
# [[Three World Trade Center]]
# [[Four World Trade Center]]
# [[One World Trade Center]]}}
|4=}}
The concept of Urbanized Areas as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau is often used as a more accurate gauge of the size of a city, since in different cities and states the lines between city borders and the urbanized area of that city are often not the same. For example, the city of [[Greenville, South Carolina]] has a city population just over 68,000 and an urbanized area population of around 400,000, while [[Greensboro, North Carolina]] has a city population just over 285,000 and an urbanized area population of around 300,000&nbsp;— meaning that Greenville is actually "larger" for some intents and purposes, but not for others, such as taxation, local elections, etc.
In the [[U.S. Department of Agriculture]]'s [[natural resources inventory]], urban areas are officially known as ''developed areas'' or urban and built-up areas. Such areas include cities, ethnic villages, other built-up areas of more than 10 ac (4 ha), industrial sites, railroad yards, cemeteries, airports, golf courses, shooting ranges, institutional and public administration sites, and similar areas. The 1997 national resources inventory placed over 98,000,000 ac (40,000,000 ha) in this category, an increase of 25,000,000 ac (10,000,000 ha) since 1982.<ref>{{CRS|article = Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition|url = http://ncseonline.org/nle/crsreports/05jun/97-905.pdf|author= Jasper Womach}}</ref>
===South America===
====Argentina====
Argentina is highly urbanized.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2212.html?countryName=Argentina&countryCode=ar&regionCode=sa&#ar |title= Field listing – Urbanization |work= The World Factbook |publisher= CIA}}</ref> The ten largest metropolitan areas account for half of the population, and fewer than one in ten live in rural areas. About 3 million people live in Buenos Aires City and the [[Greater Buenos Aires]] metropolitan area totals around 15 million, making it one of the largest urban areas in the world, with a population of 18 million all up.<ref name=majorcities>{{cite web |url= http://www.argentina.gov.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=1484 |title= Major Cities |publisher= Government of Argentina |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090919212817/http://www.argentina.gov.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=1484 |archive-date= 19 September 2009 |url-status= live}}</ref>
[[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]] has around 1.5 million people living in the urban area, while [[Rosario, Santa Fe|Rosario]], [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]] and [[San Miguel de Tucumán|Tucumán]] have around 1.2 million inhabitants each<ref name=majorcities/> and [[La Plata]], [[Mar del Plata]], [[Salta]] and [[Santa Fe, Argentina|Santa Fe]]<ref name=majorcities/><ref>{{cite web |url= http://turismo.municipalidad-salta.gov.ar:8081/ubicacion.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100117032939/http://turismo.municipalidad-salta.gov.ar:8081/ubicacion.aspx |archive-date= 2010-01-17 |title= Ubicación de la ciudad de salta|publisher=Directorate-General of Tourism, Municipality of the City of Salta |language=es}}</ref> have at least 500,000 people each.
====Brazil====
{{Main|List of largest cities in Brazil}}
According to IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) urban areas already concentrate 84.35% of the population, while the Southeast region remains the most populated one, with over 80 million inhabitants.<ref>{{cite web|title=IDBGE|publisher=IBGE|year=2011|url=http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/censo2010/default.shtm|access-date=2011-10-08|language=pt}}</ref>
The largest metropolitan areas in Brazil are São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte&nbsp;— all in the Southeastern Region&nbsp;— with 21, 12, and 5&nbsp;million inhabitants respectively.<ref>2008 PNAD, IBGE. "[http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=261&i=P&nome=on&notarodape=on&tab=261&unit=0&pov=1&opc1=1&poc2=1&opn1=2&OpcTipoNivt=2&nivt=0&poc1=1&sec58=0&orp=6&qtu3=27&opv=1&sec1=0&opc2=1&pop=1&opn2=0&orv=2&orc2=4&opc58=1&qtu2=5&sev=93&sec2=0&opp=1&opn3=0&orc1=3&poc58=1&qtu1=1&cabec=on&orc58=5&opn7=0&decm=99&ascendente=on&sep=43343&orn=1&qtu7=9&pon=2&OpcCara=43&proc=1 População residente por situação, sexo e grupos de idade]."</ref> In general, state capitals are the largest cities in their states, except for [[Vitória, Brazil|Vitória]], the capital of [[Espírito Santo]], and [[Florianópolis]], the capital of Santa Catarina. There are also non-capital metropolitan areas in the states of São Paulo ([[Campinas]], [[Santos, São Paulo|Santos]] and the [[Paraíba Valley]]), [[Minas Gerais]] ([[Vale do Aço metropolitan area|Steel Valley]]), Rio Grande do Sul ([[Porto Alegre|Sinos Valley]]) and Santa Catarina ([[Vale do Itajaí|Itajaí Valley]]).<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Principal Cities |encyclopedia=Encarta |publisher=MSN |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554342_3/Brazil.html |access-date=2008-06-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091029034959/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761554342_3/Brazil.html |archive-date=29 October 2009 |url-status=dead }} {{Dubious|date=January 2010}}<!-- tertiary source --></ref>
[[File:Skyline of São Paulo at dusk (318298).jpg|thumb|center|460px|[[São Paulo]], the largest city in [[Brazil]], the largest [[city proper]] in the [[Southern Hemisphere]], in the [[Americas]], and the world's ninth-largest urban area by population.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.estadao.com.br/noticias/economia,rmsp-supera-20-milhoes-de-habitantes-calcula-seade,503095,0.html |title=RMSP supera 20 milhões de habitantes, calcula Seade – economia – geral – Estadão |publisher=Estadao.com.br |access-date=June 6, 2014}}</ref>]]
{{Largest urban agglomerations in Brazil|class=}}


==Definitions==
==Definitions==
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