Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh: Difference between revisions

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'''Ghaziabad''' ({{IPA-hns|ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪}}) is a city in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and a part of [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR]].<ref>{{cite web|title=National Capital Region- Constituent Areas|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|publisher=NCRPB|access-date=1 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507171048/http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|archive-date=7 May 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is the administrative headquarters of [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad district]] and is the largest city in [[western Uttar Pradesh]], with a population of 1,729,000.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> [[Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]] is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Zone-division of Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam|url=https://www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124195532/http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for [[North India]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Athique and Hill|first1=Adrian and Douglas|title=The Multiplex in India: A Cultural Economy of Urban Leisure|date=17 December 2009|location=New York|pages=110–114|isbn=9781135181888|edition=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbaLAgAAQBAJ&q=Ghaziabad&pg=PA111}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|publisher=NIC|access-date=27 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604092846/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|archive-date=4 June 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is sometimes referred to as the "Saya of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to [[New Delhi]], on the main route into Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |title=Ghaziabad-Gateway of U.P |publisher=Ghaziabad.nic.in |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728065006/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |archive-date=28 July 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> Recent construction works have led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Business |date=17 November 2011|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120003527/http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm|archive-date=20 November 2011|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. {{cite web|title=The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|publisher=City Mayors|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309063818/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|archive-date=9 March 2010|url-status = dead}}, current listings: {{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |title=World's fastest growing urban areas (1) |publisher=City Mayors |access-date=1 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125090345/http://citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref> Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the [[Hindon River]], namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.<ref name="GNN">{{cite web|title=Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us |url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201100341/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-date=1 February 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref>
'''Ghaziabad''' ({{IPA-hns|ɣaːziːaːbaːd̪}}) is a city in the Indian state of [[Uttar Pradesh]] and a part of [[National Capital Region (India)|Delhi NCR]].<ref>{{cite web|title=National Capital Region- Constituent Areas|url=http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|publisher=NCRPB|access-date=1 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150507171048/http://ncrpb.nic.in/ncrconstituent.php|archive-date=7 May 2015|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is the administrative headquarters of [[Ghaziabad district, India|Ghaziabad district]] and is the largest city in [[western Uttar Pradesh]], with a population of 1,729,000.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> [[Ghaziabad Municipal Corporation]] is divided into 5 zones - City Zone, Kavi Nagar Zone, Vijay Nagar Zone, Mohan Nagar Zone and Vasundhara Zone.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Zone-division of Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam|url=https://www.ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|access-date=9 April 2020|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124195532/http://ghaziabadnagarnigam.in/zones-and-wards.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The Municipal Corporation comprises 100 wards.<ref name='Ghaziabad Official Information'/> Well connected by roads and railways, it is a major rail junction for [[North India]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Athique and Hill|first1=Adrian and Douglas|title=The Multiplex in India: A Cultural Economy of Urban Leisure|date=17 December 2009|location=New York|pages=110–114|isbn=9781135181888|edition=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbaLAgAAQBAJ&q=Ghaziabad&pg=PA111}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=District and Sessions Court Ghaziabad- History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|publisher=NIC|access-date=27 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130604092846/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/court_new/history.html|archive-date=4 June 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref> It is sometimes referred to as the "Saya of Uttar Pradesh" because it is close to [[New Delhi]], on the main route into Uttar Pradesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |title=Ghaziabad-Gateway of U.P |publisher=Ghaziabad.nic.in |access-date=29 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150728065006/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/ |archive-date=28 July 2015 |url-status = live}}</ref> Recent construction works have led to the city being described by a City Mayors Foundation survey as the second fastest-growing in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Business |date=17 November 2011|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120003527/http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-the-fastest-growing-cities-in-india/20111117.htm|archive-date=20 November 2011|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>Ghaziabad was first listed in early 2010 as # 420 by size. {{cite web|title=The largest cities in the world and their mayors: Cities ranked 301 to 450|url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|publisher=City Mayors|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100309063818/http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-301.html|archive-date=9 March 2010|url-status = dead}}, current listings: {{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |title=World's fastest growing urban areas (1) |publisher=City Mayors |access-date=1 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125090345/http://citymayors.com/statistics/urban_growth1.html |archive-date=25 November 2010 |url-status = live}}</ref> Situated in the Upper Gangetic Plains, the city has two major divisions separated by the [[Hindon River]], namely Trans-Hindon on the west and Cis-Hindon on the east.<ref name="GNN">{{cite web|title=Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam: About Us |url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130201100341/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/aboutus.html|archive-date=1 February 2013|url-status = dead}}</ref>
==History==
The city of Ghaziabad was founded in 1740 A.D. by Ghazi-ud-Din, who served as a [[Vizier|wazir]] in the court of Mughal emperor [[Muhammad Shah]], and named it as "Ghaziuddinnagar" after his own name.<ref>Anu Kapur, p. 83-85, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ApCKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT83&dq=ghaziuddinnagar&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiBgcHztcPiAhUIVH0KHZIrBSIQ6AEIOTAD#v=onepage&q=ghaziuddinnagar&f=false Mapping Place Names of India]</ref> The name "Ghaziuddinnagar" was shortened to its present form, i.e. "Ghaziabad" with the opening of the Railways in 1864.<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|title=history1|publisher=nagarnigamghaziabad.com|access-date=14 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002152109/http://www.nagarnigamghaziabad.com/history1.html|archive-date=2 October 2015|url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307181407/http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=7 March 2005 |url-status = live}}</ref><ref name="History">{{cite web|title=History|url=http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm|website=ghaziabad.nic.in|publisher=District Administration, Ghaziabad|access-date=5 November 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081208161131/http://ghaziabad.nic.in/indexintro1.htm|archive-date=8 December 2008|url-status = live}}</ref> During the Mughal period, Ghaziabad and especially the banks of the [[Hindon River|Hindon]] in Ghaziabad, remained a picnic spot for the Mughal royal family.<ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com">{{cite news|last1=Roy|first1=Debashish|title=Ghaziabad has a long way to go to become a part of NCR backbone|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886531_1_ghaziabad-development-authority-town-planning-hindon|agency=The Hindu|date=14 August 2011|access-date=12 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720175828/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2011-08-14/news/29886531_1_ghaziabad-development-authority-town-planning-hindon|archive-date=20 July 2014|url-status = live}}</ref>
Establishment of the Scientific Society here, during the same period is considered as a milestone of the educational movement launched by [[Syed Ahmad Khan]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Azimabadi|first1=Badr|title=Great Personalities in Islam|date=2007|publisher=Adam Publishers|location=Daryaganj, Delhi|page=218|isbn=9788174351227|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRURyQeW32QC&pg=PP5}}</ref> The [[Scinde, Punjab & Delhi Railway]], connecting [[Delhi]] and [[Lahore]], up till [[Ambala]] through Ghaziabad was opened in the same year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 1 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140922113455/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-hist.html |archive-date=22 September 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref> With the completion of the [[Amritsar]]-[[Saharanpur]]-Ghaziabad line of the Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway in 1870, [[Delhi]] was connected to [[Multan]] through Ghaziabad, and Ghaziabad became the junction of the [[East Indian Railway]] and Sind, Punjab and Delhi Railway.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |title=[IRFCA&#93; Indian Railways FAQ: IR History: Early Days - 2 |publisher=Irfca.org |access-date=17 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611003246/http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |archive-date=11 June 2014 |url-status = live}}</ref>
Ghaziabad, along with [[Meerut]] and [[Bulandshahr]], remained one of the three Munsifis of the District, under the Meerut Civil Judgeship during most periods of the [[British Raj]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CJ4IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA200 |title=Statistical, descriptive and historical account of the North-western ... - North-western provinces - Google Books |date=8 June 2007 |access-date=17 June 2014}}</ref>
Ghaziabad was associated with the [[Indian independence movement]] from the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]].<ref name="nagarnigamghaziabad.com"/>


== References ==
== References ==