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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}} | ||
{{Infobox person | {{Infobox person | ||
| name = | | name = Tantiya Tope | ||
| birth_name = Ramchandra Panduranga Bhatt | | birth_name = Ramchandra Panduranga Bhatt | ||
| birth_date = 16 February 1814 | | birth_date = 16 February 1814 | ||
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| death_place = [[Shivpuri]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]]) | | death_place = [[Shivpuri]], [[British India]] (present-day [[Madhya Pradesh]]) | ||
| alma_mater = | | alma_mater = | ||
| image = | | image = Tantiatope.jpg | ||
| caption = | | caption = Tantya Tope after his capture in 1859 | ||
| other_names = Ramachandra Panduranga Yawalkar | | other_names = Ramachandra Panduranga Yawalkar | ||
| movement = [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] | | movement = [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Tantia Tope''' also spelled as '''Tatya Tope'''{{efn|Some sources also spell the name as Tantia Tope or Tantia Topi<ref name=bri>{{Britannica|582772|Tantia Tope}}</ref>}} (16 February 1814 – 18 April 1859), was a general in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and one of its notable leaders. Despite lacking formal military training, Tantia Tope is widely considered as the best and most effective rebel general.<ref name=bri/> | '''Tantia Tope''' also spelled as '''Tatya Tope'''{{efn|Some sources also spell the name as Tantia Tope or Tantia Topi<ref name=bri>{{Britannica|582772|Tantia Tope}}</ref>}} (Marathi pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[t̪aːt̪ʲa ʈoːpe]]])(16 February 1814 – 18 April 1859), was a general in the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] and one of its notable leaders. Despite lacking formal military training, Tantia Tope is widely considered as the best and most effective rebel general.<ref name=bri/> | ||
Born as Ramachandra Panduranga Yawalkar to a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Deshastha Brahmin]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8XPyBqxwX8C&q=deshastha+peshwa&pg=PP13|title=Pillars of modern India, 1757-1947|last=Mahmud|first=Syed Jafar|date=1994|publisher=Ashish Pub. House|isbn=9788170245865|location=New Delhi|pages=14–15}}</ref> family, in [[Yeola]], (near Nasik). Tantia took on the title ''Tope'', meaning commanding officer. His first name Tantia means General. A personal adherent of [[Nana Sahib|Nana Saheb]] of [[Bithur]], he progressed with the [[Gwalior]] contingent after the British reoccupied [[Kanpur]] (then known as Cawnpore) and forced [[Charles Ash Windham|General Windham]] to retreat from the city. Later on, Tantia Tope came to the relief of [[Rani of Jhansi|Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi]] and with her seized the city of [[Gwalior]]. However, he was defeated by [[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala|General Napier]]'s British Indian troops at Ranod and after a further defeat at [[Sikar]], he abandoned the campaign.<ref>Edwardes, Michael (1975) ''Red Year''. London: Sphere Books; pp. 132-34</ref> | Born as Ramachandra Panduranga Yawalkar to a [[Marathi people|Marathi]] [[Deshastha Brahmin]]<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8XPyBqxwX8C&q=deshastha+peshwa&pg=PP13|title=Pillars of modern India, 1757-1947|last=Mahmud|first=Syed Jafar|date=1994|publisher=Ashish Pub. House|isbn=9788170245865|location=New Delhi|pages=14–15}}</ref> family, in [[Yeola]], (near Nasik). Tantia took on the title ''Tope'', meaning commanding officer. His first name Tantia means General. A personal adherent of [[Nana Sahib|Nana Saheb]] of [[Bithur]], he progressed with the [[Gwalior]] contingent after the British reoccupied [[Kanpur]] (then known as Cawnpore) and forced [[Charles Ash Windham|General Windham]] to retreat from the city. Later on, Tantia Tope came to the relief of [[Rani of Jhansi|Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi]] and with her seized the city of [[Gwalior]]. However, he was defeated by [[Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala|General Napier]]'s British Indian troops at Ranod and after a further defeat at [[Sikar]], he abandoned the campaign.<ref>Edwardes, Michael (1975) ''Red Year''. London: Sphere Books; pp. 132-34</ref> | ||
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==Continued resistance== | ==Continued resistance== | ||
[[File:Tantia-Topi-April-1859.jpg|thumb|Pencil sketch of Tatya Tope made at Sipri in April 1859, just before his execution]] | |||
Even after the Revolt of 1857 was put down by the British, Tantia Tope continued resistance as a guerrilla fighter in the jungles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://museumsofindia.gov.in/repository/record/vmh_kol-R3208-15251|title=Jacket and a Lock of Tata Tope's Hair|website=Museums of India}}</ref> He induced the state forces to rebel against the Raja and was able to replace the artillery he had lost at the Banas River. Tope then took his forces towards [[Indore]], but was pursued by the British, now commanded by General [[John Michel]] as he fled towards [[Sironj]]. | Even after the Revolt of 1857 was put down by the British, Tantia Tope continued resistance as a guerrilla fighter in the jungles.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://museumsofindia.gov.in/repository/record/vmh_kol-R3208-15251|title=Jacket and a Lock of Tata Tope's Hair|website=Museums of India}}</ref> He induced the state forces to rebel against the Raja and was able to replace the artillery he had lost at the Banas River. Tope then took his forces towards [[Indore]], but was pursued by the British, now commanded by General [[John Michel]] as he fled towards [[Sironj]]. | ||
Tope, accompanied by Rao Saheb, decided to divide their combined forces so that he could make his way to [[Chanderi]] with a bigger force, and Rao Saheb, on the other hand, with a smaller force to [[Jhansi]]. However, they combined again in October and suffered yet another defeat at [[Chota Udaipur|Chhota Udaipur]]. | Tope, accompanied by Rao Saheb, decided to divide their combined forces so that he could make his way to [[Chanderi]] with a bigger force, and Rao Saheb, on the other hand, with a smaller force to [[Jhansi]]. However, they combined again in October and suffered yet another defeat at [[Chota Udaipur|Chhota Udaipur]]. | ||