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Rowlatt Committee: Difference between revisions
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==Background== | ==Background== | ||
The purpose of the Rowlatt Committee was to evaluate [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|political terrorism in India]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archives/the-rowlatt-committee/article23446482.ece|title=The Rowlatt Committee|date=2018-04-06|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-01-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> especially in the [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] and [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]]s, its impact, and the links with the German government and the [[Bolshevik]]s in Russia.{{sfnp|Tinker|1968|p=92|ps=}}<ref>{{cite journal |author=Leonard A. Gordon |date=February 1968 |title=Portrait of a Bengal Revolutionary |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=197–216 |jstor=2051747 |doi=10.2307/2051747 }}</ref> It was instituted towards the end of World War I when the Indian revolutionary movement had been especially active and had achieved considerable success, potency and momentum and [[Hindu–German Conspiracy|massive assistance]] had been received from [[German Empire|Germany]], which planned to destabilise British India.{{sfnp|Collett|2007|p=218|ps=}} These included supporting and financing Indian seditionist organisations [[Berlin Committee|in Germany]] and [[Ghadar Party|in United States]] as well as a destabilisation in the political situation in neighbouring [[Afghanistan]] following [[Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition|a diplomatic mission]] that had attempted to rally the Amir of Afghanistan against British India. Attempts were also made by the [[Provisional Government of India]] established in Afghanistan following the mission to establish contacts with the [[Bolshevik]]s. A further reason for institution of the committee was emerging civil and labour unrest in India around the post-war recession - such as the Bombay mill worker's strikes and unrest in Punjab{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} - and the [[1918 flu pandemic]] that killed nearly 13 million people in the country.{{sfnp|Chandler|Wright|2001|p=179|ps=}} | The purpose of the Rowlatt Committee was to evaluate [[Revolutionary movement for Indian independence|political terrorism in India]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/archives/the-rowlatt-committee/article23446482.ece|title=The Rowlatt Committee|date=2018-04-06|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-01-26|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> especially in the [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]] and [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab Province]]s, its impact, and the links with the German government and the [[Bolshevik]]s in Russia.{{sfnp|Tinker|1968|p=92|ps=}}<ref>{{cite journal |author=Leonard A. Gordon |date=February 1968 |title=Portrait of a Bengal Revolutionary |journal=The Journal of Asian Studies |volume=27 |issue=2 |pages=197–216 |jstor=2051747 |doi=10.2307/2051747 }}</ref> It was instituted towards the end of World War I when the Indian revolutionary movement had been especially active and had achieved considerable success, potency and momentum and [[Hindu–German Conspiracy|massive assistance]] had been received from [[German Empire|Germany]], which planned to destabilise British India.{{sfnp|Collett|2007|p=218|ps=}} These included supporting and financing Indian seditionist organisations [[Berlin Committee|in Germany]] and [[Ghadar Party|in United States]] as well as a destabilisation in the political situation in neighbouring [[Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]] following [[Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition|a diplomatic mission]] that had attempted to rally the Amir of Afghanistan against British India. Attempts were also made by the [[Provisional Government of India]] established in Afghanistan following the mission to establish contacts with the [[Bolshevik]]s. A further reason for institution of the committee was emerging civil and labour unrest in India around the post-war recession - such as the Bombay mill worker's strikes and unrest in Punjab{{citation needed|date=October 2018}} - and the [[1918 flu pandemic]] that killed nearly 13 million people in the country.{{sfnp|Chandler|Wright|2001|p=179|ps=}} | ||
The evidence produced before the committee substantiated the German link, although no conclusive evidence was found for a significant contribution or threat from the Bolsheviks. On the recommendations of the committee, the [[Rowlatt Act]], an extension of the [[Defence of India Act 1915]], was enforced in response to the threat in Punjab and Bengal.{{sfnp|Tinker|1968|p=92|ps=}} | The evidence produced before the committee substantiated the German link, although no conclusive evidence was found for a significant contribution or threat from the Bolsheviks. On the recommendations of the committee, the [[Rowlatt Act]], an extension of the [[Defence of India Act 1915]], was enforced in response to the threat in Punjab and Bengal.{{sfnp|Tinker|1968|p=92|ps=}} | ||