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[[File:Assam movement symbol.svg|thumb|The Assam Accord agreed to protect Assamese cultural, economic and political rights. It was signed after six years of [[Assam Movement]].]] | [[File:Assam movement symbol.svg|thumb|The Assam Accord agreed to protect Assamese cultural, economic and political rights. It was signed after six years of [[Assam Movement]].]] | ||
The '''Assam Accord''' was a [[Memorandum of understanding|Memorandum of Settlement]] (MoS) signed between representatives of the [[Government of India]] and the leaders of the [[Assam Movement]].<ref name=peacemaker/> It was signed in the presence of the then-Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] in [[New Delhi]] on 15 August 1985. Later Citizenship Act was amended for the first time | The '''Assam Accord''' was a [[Memorandum of understanding|Memorandum of Settlement]] (MoS) signed between representatives of the [[Government of India]] and the leaders of the [[Assam Movement]].<ref name=peacemaker/> It was signed in the presence of the then-Prime Minister [[Rajiv Gandhi]] in [[New Delhi]] on 15 August 1985. Later, the Citizenship Act was amended for the first time the following year, in 1986.<ref name=peacemaker>{{Cite web|url=https://peacemaker.un.org/sites/peacemaker.un.org/files/IN_850815_Assam%20Accord.pdf|title=Assam Accord|publisher=United Nations Peace Accord Archives|year=1985}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060117130811/http://aasc.nic.in/Acts%20and%20Rules%20(GOA)/Implementation%20of%20Assam%20Accord%20Deptt/Assam%20Accord.pdf Text of Assam Accord], according to the Part II (A) The [[Assam Gazette]] 23 June 2015, pp 7</ref><ref>[http://www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/assam/documents/papers/assam_accord_1985.htm#Assam_Accord Assam Accord] SATP.org Archives</ref> It followed a six-year [[Assam Movement|agitation]] that started in 1979. Led by the [[All Assam Students’ Union]] (AASU), the protestors demanded the identification and [[deportation]] of all [[Illegal immigration to India|illegal foreigners]] – predominantly [[Bangladeshis in India|Bangladeshi immigrants]]. They feared that past and continuing large scale migration was [[Nationalism|overwhelming the native population]], impacting their political rights, culture, language and land rights.<ref>{{cite book|author=Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty|title=Assam: The Accord, The Discord|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F46nDwAAQBAJ |year=2019|publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=978-93-5305-622-3|pages=1–14, Chapter 2, 9 and 10 }}</ref> The Assam Movement caused the estimated death of over 855 people. The movement ended with the signing of the Assam Accord.<ref name="Pisharoty2019">{{cite book|author=Sangeeta Barooah Pisharoty|title=Assam: The Accord, The Discord|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F46nDwAAQBAJ |year=2019|publisher=Penguin Random House |isbn=978-93-5305-622-3|pages=1–7, Introduction chapter }}</ref> | ||
The leaders of the Assam Movement agreed to accept all migrants who had entered into Assam prior to 1 January 1966.<ref name=peacemaker/> The Government of India acknowledged the political, social, cultural and economic concerns of the [[Assamese people]] and agreed to revise the electoral database based on that date.<ref name=peacemaker/> Further, the government agreed to identify and deport any and all refugees and migrants after March 25 1971.<ref name=peacemaker/> In 1971, millions of citizens of [[Bangladesh]] – then called [[East Pakistan]] – fled the abuses of [[Bangladesh Liberation War|a civil war]] and [[1971 Bangladesh genocide|associated genocide]] between East Pakistan and [[West Pakistan]] triggering mass illegal migration into [[Assam]], [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]], various other nearby states of India as well as [[Myanmar]].<ref name="Saikia2011">{{cite book|author=Yasmin Saikia|title=Women, War, and the Making of Bangladesh: Remembering 1971|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=YdQaz1ddI-wC|year=2011|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-5038-5|pages=40–47}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Sarah Kenyon Lischer|title=Dangerous Sanctuaries: Refugee Camps, Civil War, and the Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAXhCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT24 |year=2015|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-0039-2|pages=24–25}}</ref> | The leaders of the Assam Movement agreed to accept all migrants who had entered into Assam prior to 1 January 1966.<ref name=peacemaker/> The Government of India acknowledged the political, social, cultural and economic concerns of the [[Assamese people]] and agreed to revise the electoral database based on that date.<ref name=peacemaker/> Further, the government agreed to identify and deport any and all refugees and migrants after March 25 1971.<ref name=peacemaker/> In 1971, millions of citizens of [[Bangladesh]] – then called [[East Pakistan]] – fled the abuses of [[Bangladesh Liberation War|a civil war]] and [[1971 Bangladesh genocide|associated genocide]] between East Pakistan and [[West Pakistan]] triggering mass illegal migration into [[Assam]], [[West Bengal]], [[Tripura]], various other nearby states of India as well as [[Myanmar]].<ref name="Saikia2011">{{cite book|author=Yasmin Saikia|title=Women, War, and the Making of Bangladesh: Remembering 1971|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=YdQaz1ddI-wC|year=2011|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-5038-5|pages=40–47}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Sarah Kenyon Lischer|title=Dangerous Sanctuaries: Refugee Camps, Civil War, and the Dilemmas of Humanitarian Aid|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAXhCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT24 |year=2015|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-1-5017-0039-2|pages=24–25}}</ref> | ||
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'''Representatives of Governments of India and Assam''' | '''Representatives of Governments of India and Assam''' | ||
* R D Pradhan, Home Secretary, [[Government of India]] | * [[R. D. Pradhan]], Home Secretary, [[Government of India]] | ||
* P P Trivedi, Chief Secretary, [[Government of Assam]] | * P P Trivedi, Chief Secretary, [[Government of Assam]] | ||