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{{ | {{for|9th century CE copper plates issued by Ayyan Adikal to Mar Sapir Iso|Quilon Syrian copper plates}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | ||
[[File:Insignia from Viraraghava copper plates - Plate II (1225 CE).jpg|400px|thumb|Insignia from Viraraghava copper plates]] | [[File:Insignia from Viraraghava copper plates - Plate II (1225 CE).jpg|400px|thumb|Insignia from Viraraghava copper plates]] | ||
'''Viraraghava copper plates,''' dated 1225 CE,<ref>Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 222, 279, and 299.</ref><ref>Veluthat, Kesavan. ''The Early Medieval in South India.'' Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2009. 152, and 154.</ref> '''of''' '''Cochin''', or '''Kottayam plates of Viraraghava Chakravartin''', or '''Syrian Christian copper plate''', or '''Iravi Kortann's Plate''', describe the concession made by the local king Viraraghava to | '''Viraraghava copper plates,''' dated 1225 CE,<ref>Narayanan, M. G. S. ''Perumāḷs of Kerala.'' Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013. 222, 279, and 299.</ref><ref>Veluthat, Kesavan. ''The Early Medieval in South India.'' Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2009. 152, and 154.</ref> '''of''' '''Cochin''', or '''Kottayam plates of Viraraghava Chakravartin''', or '''Syrian Christian copper plate''', or '''Iravi Kortann's Plate''', describe the concession made by the local king Viraraghava to [[Saint Thomas Christians|Syrian Christian]] merchant Iravikorttan, the chief of [[Manikkiramam]] (Manigiramam) in Makotaiyar Pattinam (modern [[Kodungallur]]).<ref>''Epigraphica Indica'', Volume IV. [V. Venkayya, 1896-97] pp. 290-7.</ref> | ||
Manigiramam, along with Anjuvannam and Ainurruvar, was one of major merchant guilds in medieval south India.<ref name=":0">Noburu Karashmia (ed.), ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 16-18.</ref> | Manigiramam, along with Anjuvannam and Ainurruvar, was one of major merchant guilds in medieval south India.<ref name=":0">Noburu Karashmia (ed.), ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. 16-18.</ref> | ||
* Viraraghava is described as the descendant of certain Virakerala. | * Viraraghava is described as the descendant of certain Virakerala. | ||
* Iravikorttan is described as "the Great Merchant | * Iravikorttan is described as "the Great Merchant of the [[Kerala|Chera/Kerala]] Land" | ||
*The Four Temples (the Nalu Tali) are mentioned | *The Four Temples (the Nalu Tali) are mentioned | ||
* Witnesses mentioned | * Witnesses mentioned | ||
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{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
[[Category:13th-century inscriptions]] | |||
[[Category:History of Kerala]] | [[Category:History of Kerala]] | ||
[[Category:Vatteluttu]] | [[Category:Vatteluttu]] | ||