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| title = Thali | | title = Thali | ||
| image1 = Vegetarian thali at an Indian restaurant in Dubai.jpg | | image1 = Vegetarian thali at an Indian restaurant in Dubai.jpg | ||
| caption1 = [[South Indian cuisine|South Indian style]] vegetarian ''bhojanam'' or ''thali | | caption1 = [[South Indian cuisine|South Indian style]] vegetarian ''bhojanam'' or ''thali'' served in a restaurant. | ||
| image2 = Vegetarian Curry.jpeg | | image2 = Vegetarian Curry.jpeg | ||
| caption2 = [[North Indian cuisine|North Indian style]] vegetarian ''thali'' served in a restaurant. | | caption2 = [[North Indian cuisine|North Indian style]] vegetarian ''thali'' served in a restaurant. | ||
| image3 = | | image3 = Rajasthani food.jpg | ||
| caption3 = [[Rajasthani cuisine|Rajasthani style]] vegetarian ''thali'' served in a restaurant. | | caption3 = [[Rajasthani cuisine|Rajasthani style]] vegetarian ''thali'' served in a restaurant. | ||
| image4 = Gujarati thali.jpg | | image4 = Gujarati thali.jpg | ||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
| image6 = Vegetarian Andhra Meal.jpg | | image6 = Vegetarian Andhra Meal.jpg | ||
| caption6 = [[Telugu cuisine|Andhra style]] vegetarian ''bhojanam'' served in a restaurant. | | caption6 = [[Telugu cuisine|Andhra style]] vegetarian ''bhojanam'' served in a restaurant. | ||
| image8 = Bengali Fish meal.jpg | | image8 = Bengali Fish meal.jpg | ||
| caption8 = [[Bengali cuisine|Bengali style]] ''thali'' served in a restaurant. | | caption8 = [[Bengali cuisine|Bengali style]] ''thali'' served in a restaurant. | ||
| image9 = | | image9 = Nepali dal-bhat-tarkari.jpg | ||
| caption9 = [[Dal bhat|Nepalese style]] ''thali'' served in a restaurant. | | caption9 = [[Dal bhat|Nepalese style]] ''thali'' served in a restaurant. | ||
| image10 = | | image10 = Assamese dish.JPG | ||
| caption10 = [[ | | caption10 = [[Assamese cuisine|Assamese style]] traditional non-vegetarian thali served in a restaurant | ||
| image11 = '8' A Thali, a traditional style of serving meal in India.jpg | | image11 = '8' A Thali, a traditional style of serving meal in India.jpg | ||
| caption11 = [[Punjabi cuisine|Punjabi style]] vegetarian ''thali'' served in a restaurant. | | caption11 = [[Punjabi cuisine|Punjabi style]] vegetarian ''thali'' served in a restaurant. | ||
| image12 = | | image12 = Traditional Manipuri Thali and side dishes.JPG | ||
| caption12 = [[Manipuri cuisine|Manipuri style]] ''thali'' (''chakluk'') | | caption12 = [[Manipuri cuisine|Manipuri style]] ''thali'' (''chakluk'') | ||
| image13 = Indian vegetarian thali,.jpg | | image13 = Indian vegetarian thali,.jpg | ||
| caption13 = Indian vegetarian platter | | caption13 = Indian vegetarian platter | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Thali''' (meaning "plate") or '''Bhojanam''' (meaning "full meal") is a round [[Platter (dishware)|platter]] used to serve food in [[South Asia]] | '''Thali''' (meaning "plate") or '''Bhojanam''' (meaning "full meal") is a round [[Platter (dishware)|platter]] used to serve food in [[South Asia]], [[Southeast Asia]] and the [[Caribbean]]. Thali is also used to refer to an Indian-style meal made up of a selection of various dishes which are served on a platter. | ||
[[Puja thali|Thali]] is also used in south Asia for [[Puja thali|ceremonial purposes]]. | [[Puja thali|Thali]] is also used in south Asia for [[Puja thali|ceremonial purposes]]. | ||
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== History == | == History == | ||
As noted by [[INTACH]], the earliest evidence of use of continuity in cooking and food habits of India can be established by the existence of [[tandoor]] (cooking oven), thali, [[Lota (vessel)|lota]]s and [[chakla]]-belan for making [[chapati]]s found in excavations at [[Indus Valley Civilization]] site of [[Kalibangan]] (3500 BCE – 2500 BCE).<ref name=INTACH1>[http://chapter.intach.org/pdf/haryana-16.pdf "INTACH Haryana newsletter"], [[INTACH]], page 34.</ref> | As noted by [[INTACH]], the earliest evidence of use of continuity in cooking and food habits of India can be established by the existence of [[tandoor]] (cooking oven), thali, [[Lota (vessel)|lota]]s and [[chakla]]-belan for making [[chapati]]s found in excavations at [[Indus Valley Civilization]] site of [[Kalibangan]] (3500 BCE – 2500 BCE).<ref name=INTACH1>[http://chapter.intach.org/pdf/haryana-16.pdf "INTACH Haryana newsletter"], [[INTACH]], page 34.</ref> | ||
== Thali/Bhojanam meal == | == Thali/Bhojanam meal == | ||
''Thali'' refers to the metal plate that a thali meal may be served on, while ''Bhojanam'' refers to full meals. Thali is popular in | ''Thali'' refers to the metal plate that a thali meal may be served on, while ''Bhojanam'' refers to full meals. Thali is popular method of serving meals in South Asia.<ref>{{cite book | last1=Mayhew | first1=B. | last2=Bindloss | first2=J. | last3=Armington | first3=S. | title=Nepal. Ediz. Inglese | publisher=Lonely Planet | series=Country Guides | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-74059-699-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dtSIz1vwg4YC&pg=PA104 | language=tr | access-date=5 March 2015 | page=104}}</ref> The idea behind a thali is to offer all the 6 different flavours of sweet, salt, bitter, sour, astringent and spicy on one single plate (technically the last two are actually forms of [[chemesthesis]] rather than true flavours).<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-07|title=What Is Thali? An Inside Look at This Indian Dietary Tradition|url=https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/indian-thali|access-date=2021-06-29|website=Healthline|language=en}}</ref> According to Indian food custom, a proper meal should be a perfect balance of all these six flavours. Restaurants typically offer a choice of vegetarian or meat-based thalis. Vegetarian bhojanams are very typical and commonplace in [[Tamil Nadu]] canteens | ||
Dishes served in a thali vary from region to region in the Indian subcontinent and are usually served in small bowls, called ''katori'' in India. These katoris are placed along the edge of the round tray, the actual thali; sometimes a steel tray with multiple compartments is used. Typical dishes include rice, [[dal]], vegetables, [[roti]], [[papad]], [[dahi (curd)|dahi]] (yogurt), small amounts of [[chutney]] or [[South Asian pickles|pickle]], and a sweet dish to top it off.<ref>[http://spicythali.blogspot.com/2011/06/decording-indian-cuisine.html "Decording Indian Cuisine"], in [http://spicythali.blogspot.com ''Spicy Thali''] blog, 26 June 2011. (Entry. Retrieved 3 June 2012)</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The world on a plate |publisher=Vancouver Sun |page=G1 |author=Andrew Marshall| date=February 15, 2020}}</ref> Rice or roti is the usual main dish that occupies the central portion of the thali, while side dishes like vegetable curries and other aforementioned delicacies are lined circularly along the round thali. Depending on the restaurant or the region, the thali consists of delicacies native to that region. In general, a thali begins with different types of breads such as [[Puri (food)|puri]]s or chapatis ([[roti]]s) and different vegetarian specialities ([[Curry|curries]]). However, in South India and Southeast Asia, rice is the only staple served with bhojanams. Thalis or Bhojanams are sometimes referred to by the regional characteristic of the dishes they contain. For example, one may encounter [[Andhra cuisine|Andhra]] bhojanam, [[Nepalese cuisine|Nepalese]] thali, [[Rajasthani cuisine|Rajasthani]] thali, [[Gujarati cuisine|Gujarati]] thali, [[Maharashtrian cuisine|Maharashtrian]] thali, [[Tamil cuisine|Tamil]] unavu and [[Thai cuisine|Thai]] unavu. In many parts of [[South Asia]] and the [[Caribbean]], the bread and the rice portions are not served together in the thali. Typically, the bread is offered first with rice being served afterwards, often in a separate bowl or dish. | |||
=== Unlimited thali === | === Unlimited thali === | ||
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==Affordability== | ==Affordability== | ||
{{See also|Food security in India}} | {{See also|Food security in India}} | ||
The [[Economic Survey of India 2020]] has a section called ''Thalinomics'' which shows an increase in affordability of a vegetable 'thali' by 29% and by non-vegetarian by 18% during | The [[Economic Survey of India 2020]] has a section called ''Thalinomics'' which shows an increase in affordability of a vegetable 'thali' by 29% and by non-vegetarian by 18% during 2006–07 to 2019–20.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/economic-survey-thalinomics-and-the-common-man/articleshow/73798465.cms|title=Economic Survey 2020: Veg thali affordability improves by 29%; non-veg by 18% during 2006-07 to 2019-20|date=31 January 2020|website=The Times of India|language=en|access-date=2020-01-31}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Latest revision as of 20:15, 8 January 2022
Thali
South Indian style vegetarian bhojanam or thali served in a restaurant.
North Indian style vegetarian thali served in a restaurant.
Rajasthani style vegetarian thali served in a restaurant.
Gujarati style vegetarian thali served in a restaurant.
Assamese style thali served in a restaurant.
Andhra style vegetarian bhojanam served in a restaurant.
Bengali style thali served in a restaurant.
Nepalese style thali served in a restaurant.
Assamese style traditional non-vegetarian thali served in a restaurant
Punjabi style vegetarian thali served in a restaurant.
Manipuri style thali (chakluk)
Indian vegetarian platter
Thali (meaning "plate") or Bhojanam (meaning "full meal") is a round platter used to serve food in South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Caribbean. Thali is also used to refer to an Indian-style meal made up of a selection of various dishes which are served on a platter.
Thali is also used in south Asia for ceremonial purposes.
History[edit | edit source]
As noted by INTACH, the earliest evidence of use of continuity in cooking and food habits of India can be established by the existence of tandoor (cooking oven), thali, lotas and chakla-belan for making chapatis found in excavations at Indus Valley Civilization site of Kalibangan (3500 BCE – 2500 BCE).[1]
Thali/Bhojanam meal[edit | edit source]
Thali refers to the metal plate that a thali meal may be served on, while Bhojanam refers to full meals. Thali is popular method of serving meals in South Asia.[2] The idea behind a thali is to offer all the 6 different flavours of sweet, salt, bitter, sour, astringent and spicy on one single plate (technically the last two are actually forms of chemesthesis rather than true flavours).[3] According to Indian food custom, a proper meal should be a perfect balance of all these six flavours. Restaurants typically offer a choice of vegetarian or meat-based thalis. Vegetarian bhojanams are very typical and commonplace in Tamil Nadu canteens
Dishes served in a thali vary from region to region in the Indian subcontinent and are usually served in small bowls, called katori in India. These katoris are placed along the edge of the round tray, the actual thali; sometimes a steel tray with multiple compartments is used. Typical dishes include rice, dal, vegetables, roti, papad, dahi (yogurt), small amounts of chutney or pickle, and a sweet dish to top it off.[4][5] Rice or roti is the usual main dish that occupies the central portion of the thali, while side dishes like vegetable curries and other aforementioned delicacies are lined circularly along the round thali. Depending on the restaurant or the region, the thali consists of delicacies native to that region. In general, a thali begins with different types of breads such as puris or chapatis (rotis) and different vegetarian specialities (curries). However, in South India and Southeast Asia, rice is the only staple served with bhojanams. Thalis or Bhojanams are sometimes referred to by the regional characteristic of the dishes they contain. For example, one may encounter Andhra bhojanam, Nepalese thali, Rajasthani thali, Gujarati thali, Maharashtrian thali, Tamil unavu and Thai unavu. In many parts of South Asia and the Caribbean, the bread and the rice portions are not served together in the thali. Typically, the bread is offered first with rice being served afterwards, often in a separate bowl or dish.
Unlimited thali[edit | edit source]
Unlimited thalis are those that come with limitless refills.[6][7] Kunal Vijaykar considers an unlimited thali as quintessentially Indian, not just for variety or limitlessness, but because it is true to Indian tradition.[8]
Affordability[edit | edit source]
The Economic Survey of India 2020 has a section called Thalinomics which shows an increase in affordability of a vegetable 'thali' by 29% and by non-vegetarian by 18% during 2006–07 to 2019–20.[9]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "INTACH Haryana newsletter", INTACH, page 34.
- ↑ Mayhew, B.; Bindloss, J.; Armington, S. (2006). Nepal. Ediz. Inglese. Country Guides (in Türkçe). Lonely Planet. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-74059-699-2. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
- ↑ "What Is Thali? An Inside Look at This Indian Dietary Tradition". Healthline. 7 August 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
- ↑ "Decording Indian Cuisine", in Spicy Thali blog, 26 June 2011. (Entry. Retrieved 3 June 2012)
- ↑ Andrew Marshall (15 February 2020). "The world on a plate". Vancouver Sun. p. G1.
- ↑ Desai, Anjali H. (2007). India Guide Gujarat. India Guide Publications. ISBN 9780978951702.
- ↑ Planet, Lonely; Singh, Sarina; Benanav, Michael; Blasi, Abigail; Clammer, Paul; Elliott, Mark; Harding, Paul; Mahapatra, Anirban; Noble, John (1 September 2015). Lonely Planet India. Lonely Planet. ISBN 9781743609750.
- ↑ "Kunal Vijayakar picks the best places to savour an unlimited thali in Mumbai". 21 April 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2017.
- ↑ "Economic Survey 2020: Veg thali affordability improves by 29%; non-veg by 18% during 2006-07 to 2019-20". The Times of India. 31 January 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Setalvad, Naini (2 May 2010), "The scientific Indian thali", Deccan Chronicle, archived from the original on 20 September 2010.