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Silk Letter Movement: Difference between revisions
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{{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | {{Use Indian English|date=June 2016}} | ||
The '''Silk Letter Movement''' ( | The '''Silk Letter Movement''' (Tehreek-e-Reshmi Rumal) refers to a movement organised by [[Deobandi]] leaders between 1913 and 1920, aimed at gaining Indian independence from [[British Raj|British rule]] by forming an alliance with the [[Ottoman Empire]], the [[Emirate of Afghanistan]] and the [[German Empire]]. This plot was uncovered by the [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] [[Criminal Investigation Department|CID]] with the capture of letters from [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]], one of the Deobandi leaders then in [[Emirate of Afghanistan|Afghanistan]], to [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]], another leader then in Hejaz. The letters were written on [[silk]] cloth, hence the name.<ref name=Qureshi>Pan-Islam in British Indian Politics: A Study of the Khilafat Movement, 1918-1924.(Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia). M. Naeem Qureshi. p79,80,81,82</ref><ref>Sufi Saints and State Power: The Pirs of Sind, 1843-1947.Sarah F. D. Ansari.p82</ref> | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari]] went to Hejaz with Mahmood Hasan in September 1915. He returned to India in April 1916 with Ghalib Nama (Silk Letter) which he showed to freedom fighters in India and the autonomous areas, and then took to Kabul where he arrived in June 1916.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.darululoom-deoband.com/urdu/books/tmp/1388990860%20Silk%20Letter%20Movement.pdf |title= Silken Letters Movement|date=2012 |website=www.darululoom-deoband.com | [[Muhammad Mian Mansoor Ansari]] went to Hejaz with Mahmood Hasan in September 1915. He returned to India in April 1916 with Ghalib Nama (Silk Letter) which he showed to freedom fighters in India and the autonomous areas, and then took to Kabul where he arrived in June 1916.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.darululoom-deoband.com/urdu/books/tmp/1388990860%20Silk%20Letter%20Movement.pdf |title= Silken Letters Movement|date=2012 |website=www.darululoom-deoband.com |access-date=2021-03-31}}</ref> | ||
With the onset of [[World War I]], [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] and [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi|Mehmud Hasan]] (principal of the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]) had travelled to Kabul and Hejaz respectively in October 1915 with plans to initiate a Muslim insurrection in the tribal belt of India. For this purpose, Ubaid'Allah was to propose that the [[Habibullah Khan|Amir of Afghanistan]] declare war on [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]], while Mahmud al Hasan sought German and Turkish help. Hasan proceeded to the [[Hejaz Vilayet]]. Ubaid Allah, in the meantime, was able to establish friendly relations with Amir. As the plans unfolded in what came to be called the Silk Letter Movement, [[Ubaidullah Sindhi|Ubaid'Allah]] was able to establish friendly relations with Amir. At Kabul, [[Ubaidullah Sindhi|Ubaid'Allah]], along with some students who had preceded him to [[Ottoman Empire|Turkey]] to join the [[Caliph]]'s "''[[Jihad]]''" against Britain, decided that the pan-Islamic cause would be best served by focussing on the [[Indian Freedom Movement]].<ref>{{harvnb|Ansari|1986|p=515}}</ref> | With the onset of [[World War I]], [[Ubaidullah Sindhi]] and [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi|Mehmud Hasan]] (principal of the [[Darul Uloom Deoband]]) had travelled to Kabul and Hejaz respectively in October 1915 with plans to initiate a Muslim insurrection in the tribal belt of India. For this purpose, Ubaid'Allah was to propose that the [[Habibullah Khan|Amir of Afghanistan]] declare war on [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Britain]], while Mahmud al Hasan sought German and Turkish help. Hasan proceeded to the [[Hejaz Vilayet]]. Ubaid Allah, in the meantime, was able to establish friendly relations with Amir. As the plans unfolded in what came to be called the Silk Letter Movement, [[Ubaidullah Sindhi|Ubaid'Allah]] was able to establish friendly relations with Amir. At Kabul, [[Ubaidullah Sindhi|Ubaid'Allah]], along with some students who had preceded him to [[Ottoman Empire|Turkey]] to join the [[Caliph]]'s "''[[Jihad]]''" against Britain, decided that the pan-Islamic cause would be best served by focussing on the [[Indian Freedom Movement]].<ref>{{harvnb|Ansari|1986|p=515}}</ref> | ||
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==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
[[File:Pranab Mukherjee releasing the Commemorative Postage Stamp on Shaikhul Hind’s “Silk Letter Movement” & 60th Session of Shaikhul Hind’s Silk Letter Movement Centenary, at a function.jpg|thumb|[[Pranab Mukherjee]], the former President of India, releasing commemorative stamp on the Silk Letter Movement.]] | [[File:Pranab Mukherjee releasing the Commemorative Postage Stamp on Shaikhul Hind’s “Silk Letter Movement” & 60th Session of Shaikhul Hind’s Silk Letter Movement Centenary, at a function.jpg|thumb|[[Pranab Mukherjee]], the former President of India, releasing commemorative stamp on the Silk Letter Movement.]] | ||
In January 2013, The [[President of India]], [[Pranab Mukherjee]] released a [[Commemorative stamp|commemorative postage stamp]] on the Silk Letter Movement, to commemorate the sacrifices these groups made for the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=91529|title=President releases a commemorative postage stamp on | In January 2013, The [[President of India]], [[Pranab Mukherjee]] released a [[Commemorative stamp|commemorative postage stamp]] on the Silk Letter Movement, to commemorate the sacrifices these groups made for the [[Indian independence movement]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=91529|title=President releases a commemorative postage stamp on 'silk letter movement'|website=pib.gov.in}}</ref> Indian author and historian [[Ela Mishra]] wrote ''Reshmi Rumaal Sharyantra: Ek Muslim Kraantikari Aandoloan''.<ref>{{cite web |title=रेशमी रुमाल षडयंत्र एक मुस्लीम क्रान्तिकारी आंदोलन |url=http://www.bookganga.com/ebooks/Books/details/5223713935060661228?BookName=Reshami%20Rumal%20Shadyantra |website=bookganga.com |accessdate=14 July 2019}}</ref> | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||