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Sentinelese language: Difference between revisions
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'''Sentinelese''' is the undescribed language of the [[Sentinelese]] people of [[North Sentinel Island]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[India]]. Due to the lack of contact between the Sentinelese people and the rest of the world, essentially nothing is known of their language, or its vitality.<ref name="survival" /> The Sentinelese people do not allow outsiders onto the island and are generally hostile towards visitors.<ref> Van Driem | '''Sentinelese''' is the undescribed language of the [[Sentinelese]] people of [[North Sentinel Island]] in the [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]], [[India]]. Due to the lack of contact between the Sentinelese people and the rest of the world, essentially nothing is known of their language, or its vitality.<ref name="survival" /> The Sentinelese people do not allow outsiders onto the island and are generally hostile towards visitors.<ref>{{cite book|last=Van Driem|first=G.|year=2007|chapter=Endangered Languages of South Asia|title=Handbook of Endangered Languages|pp=303–341|location=Berlin|publisher=Mouton de Gruyter}}</ref> Friendly interactions have been rare.<ref name=poult1>{{cite web|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/when-the-sentinelese-shun-bows-and-arrows-to-welcome-outsiders/articleshow/66917810.cms|title=When the Sentinelese shun bows and arrows to welcome outsiders|work=Economic Times|date=December 3, 2018}}</ref> | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
It is presumed that the islanders speak a single language and that it is a member of one of the [[Andamanese languages|Andamanese language families]].<ref name="survival"> | It is presumed that the islanders speak a single language and that it is a member of one of the [[Andamanese languages|Andamanese language families]].<ref name="survival">{{cite web|title=The most isolated tribe in the world?|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/campaigns/mostisolated|work=Survival International|access-date=2009-10-07}}</ref> Based on what little is known about similarities in culture and technology and their geographical proximity, it is supposed that their language is related to the [[Ongan languages]], such as [[Jarawa language (Andaman Islands)|Jarawa]], rather than to [[Great Andamanese languages|Great Andamanese]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=std|title=Ethnologue report for Sentinel|access-date=2009-10-07}}</ref> On the documented occasions when [[Onge language|Onge]]-speaking individuals were taken to [[North Sentinel Island]] in order to attempt communication, they were unable to recognise any of the language spoken by the inhabitants.<ref>{{cite book|author=Pandya, Vishvajit|year=2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ocgNvcvYc9gC&pg=PA361|title=In the Forest: Visual and Material Worlds of Andamanese History (1858–2006)|publisher=University Press of America|p=362|isbn=0-7618-4153-9}}</ref> It has been recorded that the Jarawa and Sentinelese languages are mutually unintelligible.<ref name="enumeration2">{{cite report|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/Ad_Campaign/drop_in_articles/06-Enumeration_of_Primitive_Tribes_in_A&N_Islands.pdf|title=Enumeration of Primitive Tribes in A&N Islands: A Challenge|quote=The first batch could identify 31 Sentinelese. The second batch could count altogether 39 Sentinelese consisting of male and female adults, children and infants. During both the contacts the enumeration team tried to communicate with them through some Jarawa words and gestures, but, Sentinelese could not understand those verbal words.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211011020/http://censusindia.gov.in/Ad_Campaign/drop_in_articles/06-Enumeration_of_Primitive_Tribes_in_A%26N_Islands.pdf|archive-date=11 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
==Status== | ==Status== | ||
Sentinelese is classified as [[Endangered language|endangered]] due to the small number of speakers, matching the unknown population of the island, which has been estimated at anywhere from 100 to 250;<ref name="Brenzinger">{{cite book|last=Brenzinger|first=Matthias|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qtcmm6N6LPYC&pg=PA40|title=Language diversity endangered|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|p=40|isbn=3-11-017049-3}}</ref><ref name="Moseley">{{cite book|last=Moseley|first=Christopher|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dQt6XWloU10C&pg=PA289|title=Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages|publisher=Routledge|pp=289, 342|isbn=978-0-7007-1197-0}}</ref> a rough estimate by the [[Government of India]] is 100.<ref name=abbi>{{cite journal|last=Abbi|first=Anvita|year=2006|title=Endangered Languages of the Andaman Islands|work=LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics|volume=64|location=München|publisher=Lincom}}</ref> | |||
Sentinelese is classified as [[Endangered language|endangered]] due to the small number of speakers, matching the unknown population of the island, which has been estimated at anywhere from 100 to 250;<ref name="Brenzinger">Brenzinger | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Latest revision as of 03:33, 28 December 2021
| Sentinelese | |
|---|---|
| Native to | India |
| Region | North Sentinel Island, in the southwest of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands |
| Ethnicity | Perhaps 100–250 Sentinelese people (2007)[1][2] |
Native speakers | Presumably the same (100–250) |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | std |
| Glottolog | sent1241 |
 Sentinelese, the small grey island to the southwest, shown in the context of the other Andamanese languages. | |
  Sentinelese Location in the Bay of Bengal | |
| Coordinates: 11°33′N 92°15′E / 11.55°N 92.25°E | |
Sentinelese is the undescribed language of the Sentinelese people of North Sentinel Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Due to the lack of contact between the Sentinelese people and the rest of the world, essentially nothing is known of their language, or its vitality.[3] The Sentinelese people do not allow outsiders onto the island and are generally hostile towards visitors.[4] Friendly interactions have been rare.[5]
Classification[edit]
It is presumed that the islanders speak a single language and that it is a member of one of the Andamanese language families.[3] Based on what little is known about similarities in culture and technology and their geographical proximity, it is supposed that their language is related to the Ongan languages, such as Jarawa, rather than to Great Andamanese.[6] On the documented occasions when Onge-speaking individuals were taken to North Sentinel Island in order to attempt communication, they were unable to recognise any of the language spoken by the inhabitants.[7] It has been recorded that the Jarawa and Sentinelese languages are mutually unintelligible.[8]
Status[edit]
Sentinelese is classified as endangered due to the small number of speakers, matching the unknown population of the island, which has been estimated at anywhere from 100 to 250;[1][2] a rough estimate by the Government of India is 100.[9]
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Brenzinger, Matthias (2007). Language diversity endangered. Walter de Gruyter. p. 40. ISBN 3-11-017049-3.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Moseley, Christopher (2007). Encyclopedia of the world's endangered languages. Routledge. pp. 289, 342. ISBN 978-0-7007-1197-0.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The most isolated tribe in the world?". Survival International. Retrieved 2009-10-07.
- ↑ Van Driem, G. (2007). "Endangered Languages of South Asia". Handbook of Endangered Languages. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. pp. 303–341.
- ↑ "When the Sentinelese shun bows and arrows to welcome outsiders". Economic Times. December 3, 2018.
- ↑ "Ethnologue report for Sentinel". Retrieved 2009-10-07.
- ↑ Pandya, Vishvajit (2008). In the Forest: Visual and Material Worlds of Andamanese History (1858–2006). University Press of America. p. 362. ISBN 0-7618-4153-9.
- ↑ Enumeration of Primitive Tribes in A&N Islands: A Challenge (PDF) (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 December 2014.
The first batch could identify 31 Sentinelese. The second batch could count altogether 39 Sentinelese consisting of male and female adults, children and infants. During both the contacts the enumeration team tried to communicate with them through some Jarawa words and gestures, but, Sentinelese could not understand those verbal words.
- ↑ Abbi, Anvita (2006). "Endangered Languages of the Andaman Islands". LINCOM Studies in Asian Linguistics. München: Lincom. 64.