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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| succession = [[Chera dynasty|Chera ruler]] | | succession = [[Chera dynasty|Chera ruler]] | ||
| title = Katal | | title = Katal Pirakottiyavan | ||
| reign = c. 2nd century CE | | reign = c. 2nd century CE | ||
| predecessor = | | predecessor = | ||
| father = [[Nedum Cheralathan|Netum Cheralatan]]<ref name=":6" /> | | father = [[Nedum Cheralathan|Netum Cheralatan]]<ref name=":6" /> | ||
| mother = Uraiyur Chola Nalconai | | mother = Uraiyur Chola Nalconai | ||
|spouse= Illanko Venmal | | spouse = Illanko Venmal | ||
| house = [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] | | house = [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{Chera Dynasty}} | {{Chera Dynasty}} | ||
'''Senguttavan''' '''Chera''', literally the | '''Senguttavan''' '''Chera''' ({{lang-ta| சேரன் செங்குட்டுவன்}}), literally the Alluring Kuttuvan Chera, identified with '''Katal Pirakottiya''' '''Vel Kezhu Kuttuvan,<ref name=":0">K.G. Sesha Aiyar, ''Chera Kings of the Sangam Period'', London, 1937. 21-23.</ref>''' (''c.'' 2nd century CE) was the most celebrated ruler of the [[Chera dynasty]] in early historic South India.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|date=2015-06-05|title=Classical Indo-Roman Trade|url=https://www.epw.in/journal/2013/26-27/special-articles/classical-indo-roman-trade.html|journal=Economic and Political Weekly|language=en|volume=48|issue=26-27}}</ref> | ||
The kuttuvan is eulogized by [[Paranar]] in the fifth decad of ''[[Patiṟṟuppattu|Patitrupattu]]'' of the ''[[Ettuthokai|Ettutokai]]'' anthology (early Tamil texts).<ref name=":72">Zvelebil, Kamil. <nowiki>''</nowiki>The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India<nowiki>''</nowiki>. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1973. 52–53.</ref> The kuttuvan successfully intervened in a succession dispute in the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] country and established his relative on the Chola throne.<ref name=":0"/> The Kadambas ― helped by the [[Yavanas]] (perhaps [[Greco-Roman world|Greek or Roman]] mariners) ―attacked the kuttuvan by sea, but the Cera ruler destroyed their fleet.<ref name=":0" /> He is said to have defeated the Kongu people and a warrior called Mokur Mannan.<ref name=":0"/> Under his reign, the Cera territory extended from Kollimalai near [[Karur|Karur Vanci]] in the east to Tondi and Mantai on the western coast ([[Kerala]]).{{sfn|Menon|1967}}{{sfn|Menon|2007|pp=67–68}} | The kuttuvan is eulogized by [[Paranar]] in the fifth decad of ''[[Patiṟṟuppattu|Patitrupattu]]'' of the ''[[Ettuthokai|Ettutokai]]'' anthology (early Tamil texts).<ref name=":72">Zvelebil, Kamil. <nowiki>''</nowiki>The Smile of Murugan: On Tamil Literature of South India<nowiki>''</nowiki>. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1973. 52–53.</ref> The kuttuvan successfully intervened in a succession dispute in the [[Chola dynasty|Chola]] country and established his relative on the Chola throne.<ref name=":0"/> The Kadambas ― helped by the [[Yavanas]] (perhaps [[Greco-Roman world|Greek or Roman]] mariners) ―attacked the kuttuvan by sea, but the Cera ruler destroyed their fleet.<ref name=":0" /> He is said to have defeated the [[Kongu Vellalar | Kongu people]] and a warrior called Mokur Mannan.<ref name=":0"/> Under his reign, the Cera territory extended from Kollimalai near [[Karur|Karur Vanci]] in the east to Tondi and Mantai on the western coast ([[Kerala]]).{{sfn|Menon|1967}}{{sfn|Menon|2007|pp=67–68}} | ||
Military achievements of Senguttavan are described, albeit in an exaggerated manner, in the medieval Tamil epic poem ''[[Silapathikaram|Cilappatikaram]].''<ref name=":6">Subbarayalu, Y. 2014. 'Early Tamil Polity', in ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' ed. Noburu Karashima, pp. 50–51. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.</ref> A method, known as [[Gajabahu synchronism|Gajabahu Synchronism/Triple Synchronism]], based on text proper, canto 30:160 of the epic, is used by scholars to date Chenkuttavan Chera to ''c.'' 2nd century CE.<ref name=":7" /> | Military achievements of Senguttavan are described, albeit in an exaggerated manner, in the medieval Tamil epic poem ''[[Silapathikaram|Cilappatikaram]].''<ref name=":6">Subbarayalu, Y. 2014. 'Early Tamil Polity', in ''A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations.'' ed. Noburu Karashima, pp. 50–51. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.</ref> A method, known as [[Gajabahu synchronism|Gajabahu Synchronism/Triple Synchronism]], based on text proper, canto 30:160 of the epic, is used by scholars to date Chenkuttavan Chera to ''c.'' 2nd century CE.<ref name=":7" /> | ||
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}} | }} | ||
* Kuttuvan was the son of the Cera ruler Netum Ceralatan and Nalconai (of the [[Chola dynasty| | * Kuttuvan was the son of the Cera ruler Netum Ceralatan and Nalconai (of the [[Chola dynasty|Cholas of Uraiyur]]).<ref name=":0"/> The wife of Cenkuttuvan was Illanko Venmal (the daughter of a Velir chief).{{sfn|Menon|1967}}{{sfn|Menon|2007|pp=67–68}} | ||
*Cenkuttuvan ruled the Cera country for 55 years (''Patitrupattu'').<ref name=":3" /> | *Cenkuttuvan ruled the Cera country for 55 years (''Patitrupattu'').<ref name=":3" /> | ||
*Warriors of the Kuttuvan used bull-hide shields to protect themselves from the enemy darts (''Patitrupattu'', 45'')''.'''<ref name=":0"/>''' | *Warriors of the Kuttuvan used bull-hide shields to protect themselves from the enemy darts (''Patitrupattu'', 45'')''.'''<ref name=":0"/>''' | ||