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Task 19: convert/update IUCN references to {{cite iucn}} using data from IUCN Red List API; IUCN status confirmed; IUCN status ref updated; (2/00:04.62);
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| image_caption = Adult male frog endemic to the Western Ghats of India | | image_caption = Adult male frog endemic to the Western Ghats of India | ||
| status = CR | status_system = IUCN3.1 | | status = CR | status_system = IUCN3.1 | ||
| status_ref = <ref name= | | status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=S.D. Biju, Sushil Dutta, Karthikeyan Vasudevan, S.P. Vijayakumar, Chelmala Srinivasulu |date=2004 |title=''Raorchestes chalazodes'' |volume=2004 |page=e.T58829A11847257 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58829A11847257.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref> | ||
| taxon = Raorchestes chalazodes | | taxon = Raorchestes chalazodes | ||
| authority = ([[Albert C. L. G. Günther|Günther]], 1876) | | authority = ([[Albert C. L. G. Günther|Günther]], 1876) | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''''Raorchestes chalazodes''''' ('''chalazodes bubble-nest frog''', '''white-spotted bush frog''', or '''Günther's bush frog''') is a species of [[frog]] in the family [[Rhacophoridae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]] of [[India]].<ref name= | '''''Raorchestes chalazodes''''' ('''chalazodes bubble-nest frog''', '''white-spotted bush frog''', or '''Günther's bush frog''') is a species of [[frog]] in the family [[Rhacophoridae]]. It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to the [[Western Ghats]] of [[India]].<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021" /><ref name=frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/?action=names&taxon=Raorchestes+chalazodes |title=''Raorchestes chalazodes'' (Günther, 1876) |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2013 |work=Amphibian Species of the World 5.6, an Online Reference |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |access-date=14 July 2013}}</ref> The [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''chalazodes'' is composed of the Greek word ''chalaza'' meaning grain and ''odes'' for the derived adjective, reflecting white granulation of the body.<ref name=BijuBossuyt/> Using 'chalazodes' in the common name, as if it were a [[proper noun]], is probably a misinterpretation. | ||
==Original description and rediscovery== | ==Original description and rediscovery== | ||
[[Albert C. L. G. Günther]] described ''Raorchestes chalazodes'' (as ''Ixalus chalazodes'') based on a single female collected by Colonel [[Richard Henry Beddome]] from '[[Travancore]]'.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Günther| first = A. C. L. G.| year = 1876| title = Third report on collections of Indian reptiles obtained by the British Museum| journal = Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London| volume = 1875| pages = 567–577| url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/67162}}</ref> There were no verifiable reports of this species,<ref name=BijuBossuyt>{{Cite journal | last1 = Biju | first1 = S. D.| author-link1 = Sathyabhama Das Biju| last2 = Bossuyt | first2 = F. | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x | title = Systematics and phylogeny of ''Philautus'' Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species | journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 155 | issue = 2 | pages = 374–444| year = 2009 | doi-access = free }}</ref> until its rediscovery in 2011 by a team of batrachologists in the Upper Kodayar Region in [[Tamil Nadu]]. This secretive frog is found in the wet evergreen forests in and around [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve]]. Males squeeze through small cracks in bamboo from where they attract females which spawn within the hollows of the plant. The male then guards the eggs and tadpoles until they are mature enough to leave.<ref>http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141029-rare-frog-breeds-inside-bamboo</ref><ref name="Lost">{{cite web |url=http://www.lostspeciesindia.org/LAI2/new1_rediscovered.php |title=Chalazodes bubble-nest frog: ''Raorchestes chalazodes'' |work=Lost Amphibians of India |access-date=11 November 2013}}</ref> | [[Albert C. L. G. Günther]] described ''Raorchestes chalazodes'' (as ''Ixalus chalazodes'') based on a single female collected by Colonel [[Richard Henry Beddome]] from '[[Travancore]]'.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Günther| first = A. C. L. G.| year = 1876| title = Third report on collections of Indian reptiles obtained by the British Museum| journal = Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London| volume = 1875| pages = 567–577| url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/67162}}</ref> There were no verifiable reports of this species,<ref name=BijuBossuyt>{{Cite journal | last1 = Biju | first1 = S. D.| author-link1 = Sathyabhama Das Biju| last2 = Bossuyt | first2 = F. | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00466.x | title = Systematics and phylogeny of ''Philautus'' Gistel, 1848 (Anura, Rhacophoridae) in the Western Ghats of India, with descriptions of 12 new species | journal = Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society | volume = 155 | issue = 2 | pages = 374–444| year = 2009 | doi-access = free }}</ref> until its rediscovery in 2011 by a team of batrachologists in the Upper Kodayar Region in [[Tamil Nadu]]. This secretive frog is found in the wet evergreen forests in and around [[Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve]]. Males squeeze through small cracks in bamboo from where they attract females which spawn within the hollows of the plant. The male then guards the eggs and tadpoles until they are mature enough to leave.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141029-rare-frog-breeds-inside-bamboo|title = BBC Earth | Home}}</ref><ref name="Lost">{{cite web |url=http://www.lostspeciesindia.org/LAI2/new1_rediscovered.php |title=Chalazodes bubble-nest frog: ''Raorchestes chalazodes'' |work=Lost Amphibians of India |access-date=11 November 2013}}</ref> | ||
[[File:Pseudophilautus chalazodes.jpg|thumb|left|''Raorchestes chalazodes'' in Günther's original description, presumably the holotype.]] | [[File:Pseudophilautus chalazodes.jpg|thumb|left|''Raorchestes chalazodes'' in Günther's original description, presumably the holotype.]] | ||