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| death_place = | | death_place = | ||
| spouse = | | spouse = Raja Ishaprabhu | ||
| known_for = | | known_for = Sidila Mari; Daughter of Thunderbolt | ||
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[[File:Map of Belawadi province.jpg|thumb|Map of Belawadi province]] | [[File:Map of Belawadi province.jpg|thumb|Map of Belawadi province]] | ||
'''Belawadi Mallamma''' was a warrior queen from [[Bailhongal]], [[Belagavi District]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://siesociety.com/societyhis.html|title=The Saga of a Historic Education Society, BELAWADI|accessdate=2008-11-17}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010}}</ref> Belvadi Mallamma is | '''Belawadi Mallamma''' was a warrior queen from [[Bailhongal]], [[Belagavi District]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://siesociety.com/societyhis.html|title=The Saga of a Historic Education Society, BELAWADI|accessdate=2008-11-17}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010}}</ref> Belvadi Mallamma is the first woman to form a women's army to fight against Shivaji Maharaja. She is also credited with being the first queen in the history the [[Indian subcontinent]] who built and trained a women's army in the 17th century.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/26/stories/2008102652370300.htm |title=Ensure Belwadi Mallamma of Belgaum district gets her place in international history |accessdate=2008-11-17 |location=Chennai, India |date=2008-10-26 | ||
|url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030010412/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/26/stories/2008102652370300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archivedate=30 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popline.org/node/274560 |title=Women of prominence in Karnataka. |accessdate=2008-11-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108233858/http://www.popline.org/node/274560 |archivedate=8 January 2014 }}</ref> | |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030010412/http://www.hindu.com/2008/10/26/stories/2008102652370300.htm |work=[[The Hindu]] |archivedate=30 October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.popline.org/node/274560 |title=Women of prominence in Karnataka. |accessdate=2008-11-17 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108233858/http://www.popline.org/node/274560 |archivedate=8 January 2014 }}</ref> | ||
==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
She was the daughter of Sode King Madhulinga Nayaka and wife of King Ishaprabhu. Belawadi Mallamma,<ref name=KPEBM>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/edu/mallamma.htm|title=Kamat's Potpourri: Education of Belavadi Mallamma|website=www.kamat.com|access-date=2018-08-24}}</ref> also known as Savitribai, was a Queen of [[Lingayat|Hindu]] community, fought with [[Shivaji]] .She fought enemy troops on horseback, wearing a [[saree]] in ''veeragacche'' (soldier's tuck - a tight tucking of the front pleats in the back). She was | She was the daughter of Sode King Madhulinga Nayaka and wife of King Ishaprabhu. Belawadi Mallamma,<ref name=KPEBM>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/edu/mallamma.htm|title=Kamat's Potpourri: Education of Belavadi Mallamma|website=www.kamat.com|access-date=2018-08-24}}</ref> also known as Savitribai, was a Queen of [[Lingayat|Hindu]] community, who fought with [[Shivaji]]. She is credited to be the queen of Belawadi who defeated Shivaji.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=University of Pune |first1=Savitri Bai Phule Pune University |title=2.4.2.7 Shivaji’s Encounter with Belavadi Mallamma |url=http://lib.unipune.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3608/11/11_chapter%202.pdf}}</ref> She fought enemy troops on horseback, wearing a [[saree]] in ''veeragacche'' (soldier's tuck - a tight tucking of the front pleats in the back). She was Lingayat by faith. | ||
== | ==Conflict with Shivaji== | ||
The main cause for the conflict was the harassment of the Belawadi farmers by Shivaji’s men who carried away the farmer’s livestock to their camp. The farmers approached the Desai Ishaprabhu and complained about the Maratha harassment. The Desai sent his commander (Dalvoy) Siddangaud Patil to bring back the cows from the Marathas. The Chatrapati's men insulted him and as per the source, even Chatrapati himself did not entertain him. | |||
2, '''Shiva vamsha sudharnava''' in [[Sanskrit]] book written by mallamma's teacher ''Shankara bhattaru'' . The book says [[Shivaji]] was defeated by | Upon learning about this insult Mallamma lead her force of two thousand women soldiers to attack the Marathas and slaughtered the enemy. Within an hour two hundred men were wounded and ten to twelve men were dead. At this point the Maratha commander agreed to surrender the livestock. Shivaji when he heard the news was exasperated and ordered his cavalry to attack Belawadi till it surrendered. The Maratha commander gathered his army and laid siege to Belawadi. The battle raged for fifteen days. The Marathas had access to the provisions outside, while the Desai was confined in the fort, and his provisions were exhausted. In the battle Ishaprabhu was stabbed from behind and lost his life. Mallamma continued the war, with her force and vowed to avenge her husband’s death. One day Shivaji sent his army under Dhanaji to attack Belawadi, while he went to seek blessings of the goddess in a near by temple early morning. Upon learning this Mallamma attacked [[Shivaji]] and his associates near the temple. It is said that when Mallamma attacked she looked like “Goddess [[Jagdamba]]” to Shivaji and he began to pray. When he learnt that she was the Desain of Belawadi, he asked her to pardon saying “I made a mistake Ma..! Kindly forgive me..! Reconciliation was brought about and the conflict was put to an end.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=University of Pune |first1=Savitri Bai Phule Pune University |title=2.4.2.7 Shivaji’s Encounter with Belavadi Mallamma |url=http://lib.unipune.ac.in:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/3608/11/11_chapter%202.pdf}}</ref> | ||
===Sources=== | |||
1, As mentioned in The book '''Turukari panchamara itihasa''' written by ''shiva basava shastri'' of Brahanmatha (heritage site of Belavadi Sansthana). History of [[Belawadi Sansthana]] starts from 1511 with king ''Chandrashekhara raja'' And it mentions about war between Shivaji and Mallamma. Ishaprabhu died in the battlefield later Mallamma fought with Shivaji and she defeated the [[Shivaji]]. As result of battle hero stones are installed in their Samshtana. [ The book '' Turukari panchamara itihasa'' published first time in 1929]. | |||
2, '''Shiva vamsha sudharnava''' in [[Sanskrit]] book written by mallamma's teacher ''Shankara bhattaru'' . The book says [[Shivaji]] was defeated by Belawadi Mallamma . ''Tarabai'' second daughter-in-law of Shivaji gave first prize for this book and mentioning that the book contains exact subject of Shivaji and Mallamma. Second prize for ''Balasaheb bhave''s ''Shivaji charitra'' and third prize for the book written by ''Shesho Shinivas Muthalika''. | |||
3,''Jadunaath sarkar'' wrote biography of Shivaji in [[Marathi language]]. He mentioned Mallamma as ''Savitribai'' and 27 days war held between Shivaji and Mallamma. | 3,''Jadunaath sarkar'' wrote biography of Shivaji in [[Marathi language]]. He mentioned Mallamma as ''Savitribai'' and 27 days war held between Shivaji and Mallamma. | ||
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rarebooksocietyofindia.org/grid-layout.php?q=Factory+records}}</ref> | |||
4, A contemporary British work says ''He Shivaji is At present besieging a fort where.. he has suffered more disgrace than even he did from all power of the moghul of the deccan (Bijapuri) and he who hath conquered so many kingdoms is not able to reduce this woman Desai'' [Factory records,Surat,107]. | 4, A contemporary British work says ''He Shivaji is At present besieging a fort where.. he has suffered more disgrace than even he did from all power of the moghul of the deccan (Bijapuri) and he who hath conquered so many kingdoms is not able to reduce this woman Desai'' [Factory records,Surat,107]. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://in.b-ok.as/book/11167881/401b2d}}</ref> | ||
5, ''Yadavada stone'' | 5, ''Yadavada stone'' is a symbol about compromise between Shivaji and Mallamma. | ||
6, | 6,Other [[Marathi language|Marathi]] works ''jede shakavari'' , ''Chitragupta bakhar'' , ''91 Kalami bakhar'' mentioned about battle between Shivaji and Mallamma but there are some misconception in these books. | ||
Scholar Shesho Srinivas Muthalik recorded the life in the palace of Madhulinga Nayaka in 1704-5 A.D. in the Marathi language.<ref name=KPEBM />{{Citation needed|date= January 2013}} | 7,Scholar Shesho Srinivas Muthalik recorded the life in the palace of Madhulinga Nayaka in 1704-5 A.D. in the Marathi language.<ref name=KPEBM />{{Citation needed|date= January 2013}} | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
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[[Category:Women in 17th-century warfare]] | [[Category:Women in 17th-century warfare]] | ||
[[Category:17th-century Indian women]] | [[Category:17th-century Indian women]] | ||
[[Category:17th-century Indian people]] | |||
[[Category:Indian female royalty]] | [[Category:Indian female royalty]] | ||
{{India-mil-bio-stub}} | {{India-mil-bio-stub}} | ||
Revision as of 22:28, 28 September 2021
Belawadi Mallamma | |
|---|---|
| File:Belawadi Mallamma.JPG Belawadi Mallamma | |
| Known for | Sidila Mari; Daughter of Thunderbolt |
| Spouse(s) | Raja Ishaprabhu |
Belawadi Mallamma was a warrior queen from Bailhongal, Belagavi District, Karnataka, India.[1] Belvadi Mallamma is the first woman to form a women's army to fight against Shivaji Maharaja. She is also credited with being the first queen in the history the Indian subcontinent who built and trained a women's army in the 17th century.[2][3]
Biography
She was the daughter of Sode King Madhulinga Nayaka and wife of King Ishaprabhu. Belawadi Mallamma,[4] also known as Savitribai, was a Queen of Hindu community, who fought with Shivaji. She is credited to be the queen of Belawadi who defeated Shivaji.[5] She fought enemy troops on horseback, wearing a saree in veeragacche (soldier's tuck - a tight tucking of the front pleats in the back). She was Lingayat by faith.
Conflict with Shivaji
The main cause for the conflict was the harassment of the Belawadi farmers by Shivaji’s men who carried away the farmer’s livestock to their camp. The farmers approached the Desai Ishaprabhu and complained about the Maratha harassment. The Desai sent his commander (Dalvoy) Siddangaud Patil to bring back the cows from the Marathas. The Chatrapati's men insulted him and as per the source, even Chatrapati himself did not entertain him.
Upon learning about this insult Mallamma lead her force of two thousand women soldiers to attack the Marathas and slaughtered the enemy. Within an hour two hundred men were wounded and ten to twelve men were dead. At this point the Maratha commander agreed to surrender the livestock. Shivaji when he heard the news was exasperated and ordered his cavalry to attack Belawadi till it surrendered. The Maratha commander gathered his army and laid siege to Belawadi. The battle raged for fifteen days. The Marathas had access to the provisions outside, while the Desai was confined in the fort, and his provisions were exhausted. In the battle Ishaprabhu was stabbed from behind and lost his life. Mallamma continued the war, with her force and vowed to avenge her husband’s death. One day Shivaji sent his army under Dhanaji to attack Belawadi, while he went to seek blessings of the goddess in a near by temple early morning. Upon learning this Mallamma attacked Shivaji and his associates near the temple. It is said that when Mallamma attacked she looked like “Goddess Jagdamba” to Shivaji and he began to pray. When he learnt that she was the Desain of Belawadi, he asked her to pardon saying “I made a mistake Ma..! Kindly forgive me..! Reconciliation was brought about and the conflict was put to an end.[6]
Sources
1, As mentioned in The book Turukari panchamara itihasa written by shiva basava shastri of Brahanmatha (heritage site of Belavadi Sansthana). History of Belawadi Sansthana starts from 1511 with king Chandrashekhara raja And it mentions about war between Shivaji and Mallamma. Ishaprabhu died in the battlefield later Mallamma fought with Shivaji and she defeated the Shivaji. As result of battle hero stones are installed in their Samshtana. [ The book Turukari panchamara itihasa published first time in 1929].
2, Shiva vamsha sudharnava in Sanskrit book written by mallamma's teacher Shankara bhattaru . The book says Shivaji was defeated by Belawadi Mallamma . Tarabai second daughter-in-law of Shivaji gave first prize for this book and mentioning that the book contains exact subject of Shivaji and Mallamma. Second prize for Balasaheb bhaves Shivaji charitra and third prize for the book written by Shesho Shinivas Muthalika.
3,Jadunaath sarkar wrote biography of Shivaji in Marathi language. He mentioned Mallamma as Savitribai and 27 days war held between Shivaji and Mallamma. [7]
4, A contemporary British work says He Shivaji is At present besieging a fort where.. he has suffered more disgrace than even he did from all power of the moghul of the deccan (Bijapuri) and he who hath conquered so many kingdoms is not able to reduce this woman Desai [Factory records,Surat,107]. [8]
5, Yadavada stone is a symbol about compromise between Shivaji and Mallamma.
6,Other Marathi works jede shakavari , Chitragupta bakhar , 91 Kalami bakhar mentioned about battle between Shivaji and Mallamma but there are some misconception in these books.
7,Scholar Shesho Srinivas Muthalik recorded the life in the palace of Madhulinga Nayaka in 1704-5 A.D. in the Marathi language.[4][citation needed]
References
- ↑ "The Saga of a Historic Education Society, BELAWADI". Retrieved 17 November 2008. [dead link]
- ↑ "Ensure Belwadi Mallamma of Belgaum district gets her place in international history". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 October 2008. Archived from the original on 30 October 2008. Retrieved 17 November 2008.
- ↑ "Women of prominence in Karnataka". Archived from the original on 8 January 2014. Retrieved 17 November 2008.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Kamat's Potpourri: Education of Belavadi Mallamma". www.kamat.com. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
- ↑ University of Pune, Savitri Bai Phule Pune University. "2.4.2.7 Shivaji's Encounter with Belavadi Mallamma" (PDF).
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ University of Pune, Savitri Bai Phule Pune University. "2.4.2.7 Shivaji's Encounter with Belavadi Mallamma" (PDF).
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ https://www.rarebooksocietyofindia.org/grid-layout.php?q=Factory+records.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ https://in.b-ok.as/book/11167881/401b2d.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help)
External links
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