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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | ||
{{Hindu philosophy}} | {{Hindu philosophy}} | ||
'''Karpatri | '''Hariharanand Saraswati''', popularly known as '''Swami Karpatri''' or '''Karpatri ji Maharaj''' (called so because He would eat only what would come in his palm 'kara', as the bowl 'pātra'), was born as '''Har Narayan Ojha''' into a [[Saryupareen Brahmin|Saryupareen]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/karpatriswamijeevani/page/n1/mode/2up|title = Sri Swami Karpatri Ji - Sankshipt Jeevani}}</ref> Brahmin family of a village called Bhatni in [[Pratapgarh district, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]], [[Uttar Pradesh]], India. He was a [[Sannyasa|Sannyasi]] in the [[Hindu]] [[dashanami Sampradaya|Dashanami]] [[monastic]] tradition.<ref>Swami Karpatri ''The Linga and the great goddess'' Indica bolls, {{ISBN|818656988X}}</ref> | ||
== | {{Infobox Hindu leader | ||
| image = Swami Karpatri ji.jpg | |||
| religion = [[Hinduism]] | |||
| birth_date = 1907 CE<ref>https://archive.org/details/karpatriswamijeevani/page/n1/mode/1up</ref> | |||
| birth_place = [[Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh|Pratapgarh]] | |||
| birth_name = Har Narayan Ojha<ref>https://archive.org/details/karpatriswamijeevani/page/n1/mode/1up</ref> | |||
| death_date = 1980 CE | |||
| death_place = [[Varanasi]] | |||
| philosophy = [[Advaita Vedanta]] | |||
| known_for = Traditional Hinduism | |||
| founder = [[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]] | |||
| teacher = [[Brahmananda Saraswati]]<ref>https://archive.org/details/karpatriswamijeevani/page/n9/mode/1up</ref>}} | |||
==Childhood== | |||
As a Child, Swami Karpatri had no interest in worldly matters. He was married to Srimati Mahadevi at the age of 9 in the year 1916. Even after his marriage, He tried to leave his home in search of truth but failed.<ref>https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi</ref> | |||
At last his Father said "I would allow you to leave home only if you become father of child and give us a grandchild", A girl child was born and He decided to leave his home. His wife made a great Sacrifice. And Finally, Swami Karpatri left his home at the age of 19.<ref>https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi</ref> | |||
==Education== | |||
He went to Sangved Vidyalaya and started his education in 1926. The Madhyama Siddhanta Kaumudi of Grammar, Which takes almost 4 years to pass, He passed it in 11 months. After this, He studied [[Vedanta]] and other [[Darshanas]] from Swami Vishveshvarashrama. Swami Karpatri had excellent learning capacity from the very starting of his Schooling.<ref>https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi</ref> After his years of learning, including three years in icy caves in the Himalaya, he was ordained as a [[Sannyasa|Sannyasi]]. | |||
==Dharm Sangh== | |||
On the day of Vijayadashmi, He established Dharm Sangh in the year 1940. He travelled through all parts of India and established many branches of Dharm Sangh. Within a very short span of time his Slogan became very popular in India. The Slogan was: | |||
{{Blockquote | |||
|text='''''Dharma ki Jaya Ho''''' | |||
Victory to [[Dharma]]! | |||
'''''Adharma ka Nash Ho''''' | |||
May [[Adharma]] Perish! <ref>https://m.jagran.com/lite/uttar-pradesh/pratapgarh-karpatri-maharaj-gave-the-victory-of-religion-the-mantra-for-the-destruction-of-unrighteousness-21912269.html</ref>}} | |||
He revived the lost traditions of [[Varanasi]].<ref>https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi</ref> | |||
Dharm Sangh under leadership of Swami Karpatri helped the [[Noakhali]] victims of 1946 riots and provided them land, food and financial aid. <ref>https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi</ref> | |||
He re-converted the Hindus who were forcibly made Muslims and gave them initiation under Rama-Nama.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ramesh Kutticad|url=http://archive.org/details/abhinav-shankar-smriti-granth-swami-karpatriji-maharaj-poor-scan-vol-1|title=Abhinav Shankar Smriti Granth Swami Karpatriji Maharaj Poor Scan Vol 1}}</ref><ref>https://pragyata.com/swami-karpatri-ji-the-forgotten-dharma-samarat/</ref> | |||
He and his group was the first one to be jailed in Independent India. Even before Independence, In the year 1947, He started protests and meetings from the month of April. On the night of 14th August 1947, the members of Dharm Sangh were raising the slogans of "Bharat Akhand Ho" (May [[Bharat (term)|Bharat]] be united), All of them were jailed.<ref>https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi</ref> | |||
==Later Life == | |||
He was a disciple of [[Shankaracharya]] of [[Jyotirmath]] Swami [[Brahmananda Saraswati]].<ref>Rama, Swami (1999) Himalayan Institute, Living With the Himalayan Masters, page 247</ref> He spent most of his life at [[Varanasi]]. He was also a teacher in the [[Advaita Vedanta]] tradition of [[Hindu philosophy]]. | |||
[[Swami Nishchalananda Saraswati]], the 145th [[Govardhan Math|Govardhan Peeth]] Shankaracharya of [[Puri]], [[Odisha]], is an eminent disciple of Swami Karpatri.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1157865871093592064|user=govardhanmath|title=Dharma Samrat Swami Karpatri Ji Jayanti.Puri Shankaracharya ji's Pravachan on his Guru Maharaj's 112th Jayanti.ध…<!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. --> |accessdate=2020-07-23|language=en|date=4 August 2019}}</ref> | |||
He initiated [[Alain Daniélou]], a noted [[Historian|French Historian]] into [[Shaivism|Shaivite Hinduism]] under the name, Shiv Sharan.<ref>Swami Karpatri ''The Linga and the great goddess'' Indica bolls, {{ISBN|818656988X}}</ref> | |||
==Politics== | ==Politics== | ||
Other than DharmSangh, In 1948, Swami Karpatri founded the [[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]],<ref>https://eci.gov.in/files/file/5822-akhil-bhartiya-ramrajya-parishad/</ref> A traditionalist [[Hindu politics|Hindu party]]. | |||
He led a movement against the [[Hindu Code Bill]]. He was also a prominent agitator in [[1966 anti-cow slaughter agitation]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Algebra of Warfare-Welfare: A Long View of India's 2014 Election|page=103|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199097531|author=Irfan Ahmad, Pralay Kanungo|date=24 December 2018}}</ref> On 18 April 1948, He founded the newspaper ''Sanmarg'' which promoted Sanatan Dharma and also advocated against the Hindu Code Bill and voiced opposition on cow slaughters.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0FSDBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT73 |title=Mahila Patrakarita |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |year=2012 |isbn=9789350481189 |page=73 |language=Hindi |access-date=14 December 2016}}</ref> | |||
==Death== | |||
[[File:Dharma Samrat Swami Karpatri ji Maharaj.jpg|thumb|Swami Karpatri ]] | |||
On the day of his demise in the year 1980, He told his disciples to sing the "Ayodhya Tyaga" story of [[Ramayana]] for him, He himself did the recitation of [[Sri Sukta]] and at the end by keeping the idol of [[Krishna]] on his chest, He passed away by reciting "Shiva Shiva Shiva" thrice. <ref>https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi</ref> | |||
==Debates== | |||
Swami Karpatri maintained no-compromise policy with regards to Hindu Laws and [[Shastras]]. He was called Dharmasamrata<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1424895394081771540|user=govardhanmath|title=#गौ_रक्षा_दिवससर्वभूतहृदय धर्मसम्राट स्वामी श्रीकरपात्रीजी की अद्भुत देन<!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. --> |date=10 August 2021}}</ref><ref>https://pragyata.com/swami-karpatri-ji-the-forgotten-dharma-samarat/</ref>(English: The Emperor of [[Dharma]]) by the masses. He was undefeated in Debates throughout his life. | |||
In 1932, When He was in his late 20s, He debated [[Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya]] on the topic Pranava (ॐ). <ref>https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi/page/n6/mode/1up</ref> Unable to Answer Swami Karpatri's arguments, Malaviya accepted his defeat. This incident was later published in the book "Mananiya Prashnottara".<ref>https://archive.org/details/MananiyaPrashnottara</ref> | |||
In 1940, Shri HariHarKripalu Dwivedi Debated with him on the verse "अकाम: सर्वकामो वा", The debate was planned on the next date.<ref>https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi/page/n11/mode/1up</ref> Dwivedi didn't appear for the debate. At last, The Judge Pandit congratulated Swami Karpatri with Garland and became his disciple ever since. | |||
A Debate took place in 1964, This one was between [[Sanatani]] Pandits and [[Arya Samaj]]. Swami Karpatri was just a viewer in the debate, But He later joined the Debate with Yudhisthir Mimansak. The Result was unannounced due to sunset but It was noticed that Swami Karpatri was ever-ready for a debate.<ref>https://archive.org/details/yudhishthir-mimansak-swami-karpatri-shastrarth-1964-debate</ref> | |||
Another Debate took place in 1965, Between Swami Karpatri and Madhvacharya Sri Vidyamanya Teerth, Sri Vidyamanya challenged people to defend [[Advaita]] Siddhanta. Swami Karpatri accepted the challenge, The debate went on for 2 days.<ref>https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi/page/n13/mode/1up</ref> In the end, the mediator "Sri Bhagvatananda" declared Swami Karpatri Victorious.<ref>https://archive.org/details/karpatrijidebate1965</ref> | |||
For Him, Celebration of Debates didn't matter. He was of the mindset that, Purpose of Debates is to conclude the real meaning, Not to demean or defame the one who has lost.<ref>https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi/page/n14/mode/1up</ref> | |||
==Books== | ==Books== | ||
'''Swami Karpatri''' was the author of Many Books. Few of them are not available in public domain, Many are only in Sanskrit and Some are in Hindi. | |||
'' | |||
'' | Here are a few of his books: | ||
'' | |||
The | '''Marxwad Aur Ramrajya''': Criticism of Modern Ideologies such as Marxism, Feminism etc.<ref>https://archive.org/details/MarkswadOrRamrajya</ref><ref>https://gitapressbookshop.in/0698-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF-marksvad-aur-ramrajya-</ref> | ||
'' | |||
'''Vichar Piyush''': A Summary of Swami Karpatri's Thoughts. <ref>https://archive.org/details/VicharPiyush305to308512to519miss</ref><ref>https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/vichar-piyush-selected-writing-of-dharma-samrat-shri-karapatri-ji-nzh121/</ref> | |||
'''Bhakti Sudha''': An anthology of various articles written by Swami Karpatri on importance of Bhakti.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bhaktisudha_201611</ref><ref>https://gitapressbookshop.in/1982-%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE-bhakti-sudha-</ref> | |||
'''Bhagwat Sudha''': Explaining the Essence of Srimad Bhagvat Puran.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bhagavatasudha</ref> | |||
'''Sri Radha Sudha''': A record of Swami Karpatri's speeches on Radha Sudha Nidhi.<ref>https://archive.org/details/radhasudha</ref> | |||
'''Bhakti Rasarnava''': A Unique work on Bhakti.<ref>https://archive.org/details/bhaktirasarnava</ref> | |||
'''Pibata Bhagvata Rasamalaya''': A Book dealing with Rasa of Srimad Bhagvata Purana.<ref>https://archive.org/details/PibataBhagavataRasamalayaKarapatrijiMaharaj_201802</ref> | |||
'''Kaal Mimansa''': A work dealing with the chronology in context of the Pauranic and Other Hindu Epic literature.<ref>https://archive.org/details/KaalMimansa</ref> | |||
'''Kya Sambhog se Samadhi''': A Simple Refutation of Osho's interpretation of Samadhi.<ref>https://archive.org/details/KyaSambhogSeSamadhi_201609</ref> | |||
'''Capitalism, Socialism and Ramrajya''': Refuting Osho's shallow understanding on these Ideologies.<ref>https://archive.org/details/wg531</ref> | |||
'''Ramayana Mimansa''': A Book with systematic analysis of the Hindu Epic Ramayana.<ref>https://archive.org/details/ramayanmimansa</ref> | |||
'''Ved Ka Swaroop Aur Pramanya''': The epistemological significance and Structure of the Vedas.<ref>https://archive.org/details/vedkaswaroopaurpramanyapart1shriswamikarpatrijimaharaj.</ref> | |||
'''Veda Pramanya Mimansa''': Establishing the supreme authority of Vedas.<ref>https://archive.org/details/VedaPramanyaMimansa</ref> | |||
'''VedaSwarupVimarsh''': A Short book defining the swarupa of Vedas while refuting the claims of Social Reformers and Modern day Scholars Like Swami Dayanand.<ref>https://archive.org/details/VedaSwaroopVimarshaKarpatriji</ref> | |||
'''Samanvaya Samrajya Samrakshanam''':A work dealing with coordination between various schools of Hinduism.<ref>https://archive.org/details/SamanvayaSamrajyaSanrakshanamKarpatriJi</ref> | |||
'''Ahamartha aur Parmartha Sara''': A commentary on Patanjali's work "Parmarth Sara" with the refutation of Vishishta Advaita View.<ref>https://archive.org/details/ahamarthaparamarthasarakarpatriji</ref> | |||
'''Nastika-Astika Vaad''': A point to point refutation of Nastika Arguments used against Astikas.<ref>https://archive.org/details/nastikastikvaadkarpatriji</ref> | |||
'''Videsh Yatra Shastriya Paksha''': The Views of Hindu Shastras on Travelling Abroad.<ref>https://archive.org/details/VideshYatra-KarpatriJi</ref> | |||
'''Sankirtan Mimansa evam Varnashrama Dharma''': A text Describing the maintenance of Varnashrama Dharma along with Holy Enchanting.<ref>https://archive.org/details/sankirtanamimansakarpatri</ref> | |||
'''Rss aur Hindu Dharma''': Deals with Structural criticism of Sangh-Sponsored Anti-Shastra ideology.<ref>https://archive.org/details/LaviB</ref><ref>https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/rss-and-hindu-dharma-nzh123/</ref> | |||
'''Gau - Ek Samagra Chintan''': The importance of Cow within Hinduism and Humanity as a whole.<ref>https://archive.org/details/GauEkSamagraChintanKarpatriji</ref> | |||
'''Vedartha Parijata''': Explaining the True Essence of the Vedas along with Commentary.<ref>https://archive.org/details/vedarthaparijata</ref> | |||
'''Kumbha Tithyadi Nirnaya''': A treatise dealing with the astrological conclusions in context of Tithis and Kumbha Parva.<ref>https://archive.org/details/KumbhaTithyadiNirnaya</ref> | |||
'''Yajurveda Commentary''': Bhashya (Commentary) of Shukla Yajurveda by Swami Karpatri in eight parts.<ref>https://www.exoticindiaart.com/book/details/karpatri-ji-s-commentary-on-shukla-yajurveda-samhita-photo-copy-spiral-binding-set-of-8-volumes-mzr399/</ref><ref>https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya01</ref><ref>https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya02</ref><ref>https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya03</ref><ref>https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya04</ref><ref>https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya05</ref><ref>https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya06</ref><ref>https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya07</ref><ref>https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya08</ref> | |||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||