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'''Manjeshwar Govinda Pai''' (23 March 1883 – 6 September 1963), also known as '''Rastrakavi Govinda Pai''', was a [[Kannada]] poet. He was awarded the first Rashtrakavi title by the Madras Government (Kasaragod district was part of South Kanara district of Madras Presidency prior to the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|linguistic reorganisation of States]] on 1 November 1956<ref>[http://kasargod.nic.in/ Kasaragod District<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>). Rashtrakavi M. Govinda Pai was the one who put [[Manjeshwara]](now in Kerala) on the literary map of [[India]].<ref>Venkat Madhurao Inamdar: "Govinda Pai"</ref> | '''Manjeshwar Govinda Pai''' (23 March 1883 – 6 September 1963), also known as '''Rastrakavi Govinda Pai''', was a [[Kannada]] poet. He was awarded the first Rashtrakavi title by the Madras Government (Kasaragod district was part of South Kanara district of Madras Presidency prior to the [[States Reorganisation Act, 1956|linguistic reorganisation of States]] on 1 November 1956<ref>[http://kasargod.nic.in/ Kasaragod District<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>). Rashtrakavi M. Govinda Pai was the one who put [[Manjeshwar|Manjeshwara]](now in Kerala) on the literary map of [[India]].<ref>Venkat Madhurao Inamdar: "Govinda Pai"</ref> | ||
==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
M. Govinda Pai was born on 23 March 1883 in a [[Konkani]] [[Goud Saraswat Brahmin]] family at his maternal grandfather's house in Manjeshwar.<ref name="BhatBhat1993">{{cite book|author1= | M. Govinda Pai was born on 23 March 1883 in a [[Konkani]] [[Goud Saraswat Brahmin]] family at his maternal grandfather's house in Manjeshwar.<ref name="BhatBhat1993">{{cite book|author1=Bhat|first=M. Thirumaleshwara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FgvHhDqmJw8C|title=Govind Pai|author2=Neerkaje Thirumaleshwara Bhat|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1993|isbn=978-81-7201-540-4|location=New Delhi|pages=11|access-date=23 July 2013}}</ref> He was the first son of [[Mangalore]] Sahukaar Thimmappa Pai and Devaki Amma. Govinda Pai went to Mission School and then went to Canara High School in Mangalore. For college education, Pai went to Madras ([[Chennai]]). Due to the sudden death of his father, he had to return.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhat|first=N. Thirumaleshara|title=Makers of Literature - Govinda Das Pai|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1993|isbn=8172015402|location=New Delhi|pages=13}}</ref> | ||
[[ | [[File:Govinda Pai House.jpg|thumb|right|250 px|Nearly sixty years of his life were spent in this house in Manjeshwar]] | ||
==Career== | ==Career== | ||
Govinda Pai was also a prolific prose writer. His earliest composition in prose was ''Srikrishna Charita'' (1909) which makes for remarkable reading. [[Govinda Pai]] narrated the story of Christ's crucifixion in his work ''Golgotha'' (1931). The next three [[panegyrics]] published by him; Vaishakhi, Prabhasa and Dehali, narrated the last days of the Buddha, God Krishna and Gandhi respectively; were a result of the huge success of Golgotha.<ref name="vaisakhi">Das (1995), p. 148</ref> His best works written in blank verse, viz., ''Golgotha'' (''The last days of Christ'', published in 1937), ''Vaisakhi '' (''The last days of Buddha'', published in 1946) and ''Hebberalu'' (''The Thumb'', the story of Ekalavya retold, published in 1946) have won a lasting place in the gallery of the greatest poets of Kannada literature.<ref>[http://kasargod.nic.in/profile/personalities.htm Kasargod – Eminent Personalities<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ''Gommata Jinastuti'' was his first published work. He introduced the sonnet form into Kannada.{{ | Govinda Pai was also a prolific prose writer. His earliest composition in prose was ''Srikrishna Charita'' (1909) which makes for remarkable reading. [[Govinda Pai]] narrated the story of Christ's crucifixion in his work ''Golgotha'' (1931). The next three [[panegyrics]] published by him; Vaishakhi, Prabhasa and Dehali, narrated the last days of the Buddha, God Krishna and Gandhi respectively; were a result of the huge success of Golgotha.<ref name="vaisakhi">Das (1995), p. 148</ref> His best works written in blank verse, viz., ''Golgotha'' (''The last days of Christ'', published in 1937), ''Vaisakhi '' (''The last days of Buddha'', published in 1946) and ''Hebberalu'' (''The Thumb'', the story of Ekalavya retold, published in 1946) have won a lasting place in the gallery of the greatest poets of Kannada literature.<ref>[http://kasargod.nic.in/profile/personalities.htm Kasargod – Eminent Personalities<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> ''Gommata Jinastuti'' was his first published work. He introduced the sonnet form into Kannada.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bhat|first=N. Thirumaleshwara|title=Makers of Indian Literature - Govind Pai|publisher=Sahitya Akademi|year=1993|isbn=8172015402|location=New Delhi|pages=14}}</ref> Hebberalu dramatises the story of Drona and Ekalavya, characters from the epic Mahabharata.<ref name="bliss">Murthy (1992), p. 175</ref> | ||
Govinda Pai also enriched Kannada learning with his historical studies and research. He was an authority on the chronology and history of Tulunad. His works also testify to his universal outlook as well as to his deep compassion for the poor and the downtrodden.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} | Govinda Pai also enriched Kannada learning with his historical studies and research. He was an authority on the chronology and history of Tulunad. His works also testify to his universal outlook as well as to his deep compassion for the poor and the downtrodden.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} | ||
He was able to read and write fluently in 25 languages including [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Pali]], [[Urdu]], [[Greek language|Greek]] and Japanese apart from [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]] and English.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rastra Kavi Govind Pai was Well-versed in 25 Languages|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=44988&n_tit=Udupi%3A+%27Rastra+Kavi+Govind+Pai+was+Well-versed+in+25+Languages%27}}</ref> He translated several Japanese works into [[Kannada]]. | He was able to read and write fluently in 25 languages including [[Tulu language|Tulu]], [[Malayalam]], [[Sanskrit]], [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]], [[Marathi language|Marathi]], [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Pali]], [[Urdu]], [[Greek language|Greek]] and Japanese apart from [[Kannada language|Kannada]], [[Konkani language|Konkani]] and English.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rastra Kavi Govind Pai was Well-versed in 25 Languages|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=44988&n_tit=Udupi%3A+%27Rastra+Kavi+Govind+Pai+was+Well-versed+in+25+Languages%27}}</ref> He translated several Japanese works into [[Kannada]].{{fact|date=September 2021}} | ||
==Works== | ==Works== | ||
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[[ | [[File:M Govinda Pai Regional Research Centre Udupi 002.jpg|thumb|right|250 px|Bust of Pai at M. Govinda Pai Regional Research Centre, Udupi]] | ||
==Awards and legacy== | ==Awards and legacy== | ||
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On his 125th birth anniversary, a national award was instituted in his name and his old house at Manjeshwar is mooted to be a national monument.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} | On his 125th birth anniversary, a national award was instituted in his name and his old house at Manjeshwar is mooted to be a national monument.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} | ||
In [[Udupi]] near his native place, the Govind Pai Research Institute is established near MGM College of Dr. T.M.A Pai Foundation of Manipal institutions. Other centres in the vicinity are Yakshagana & Janapada Samshodhana Kendra, Kanakadasa Peetha and Tulu lexicon project.{{ | In [[Udupi]] near his native place, the Govind Pai Research Institute is established near MGM College of Dr. T.M.A Pai Foundation of Manipal institutions. Other centres in the vicinity are Yakshagana & Janapada Samshodhana Kendra, Kanakadasa Peetha and Tulu lexicon project.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rediff On The NeT: Now, Tulu has a real dictionary!|url=https://m.rediff.com/news/sep/22udupi.htm|access-date=2021-09-06|website=m.rediff.com}}</ref> | ||
Govind Pai was also acknowledged by the [[government of Kerala]]. The Govind Pai Memorial College is a part of [[Kannur University]] in Manjeswar is a testimonial for this.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} | Govind Pai was also acknowledged by the [[government of Kerala]]. The Govind Pai Memorial College is a part of [[Kannur University]] in Manjeswar is a testimonial for this.{{citation needed|date=May 2017}} | ||
[[ | [[File:M Govinda Pai Regional Research Centre Udupi 003.jpg|thumb|right|250 px|M Govinda Pai Regional Research Centre Udupi]] | ||
Govind Pai attended the Intermediate Course at Government College, Mangalore. It was here that he had [[Panje Mangesh Rao]] as one of his teachers. Panje was another pioneer of the Modern Kannada literary renaissance. Govind Pai had once asked Panje for the text of two songs which Panje used to recite. Panje used to borrow literary journals from Govind Pai, who, even as a lad of 13, had developed a taste for books and had started subscribing to literary journals.<ref name="BhatBhat1993"/> | Govind Pai attended the Intermediate Course at Government College, Mangalore. It was here that he had [[Panje Mangesh Rao]] as one of his teachers. Panje was another pioneer of the Modern Kannada literary renaissance. Govind Pai had once asked Panje for the text of two songs which Panje used to recite. Panje used to borrow literary journals from Govind Pai, who, even as a lad of 13, had developed a taste for books and had started subscribing to literary journals.<ref name="BhatBhat1993"/> | ||