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{{About|the historical region of | {{About|the historical region of Asmaka|the kingdom in Indian Epic Literature|Asmaka Kingdom}} | ||
{{short description|Ancient kingdom in India}} | {{short description|Ancient kingdom in India}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=July 2017}} | ||
{{Infobox former country | {{Infobox former country | ||
| native_name = | | native_name = | ||
| conventional_long_name = | | conventional_long_name = Asmaka Mahajanapada | ||
| common_name = Assaka | | common_name = Assaka | ||
| era = [[Bronze Age]], [[Iron Age]] | | era = [[Bronze Age]], [[Iron Age]] | ||
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| image_map = Mahajanapadas_(c._500_BCE).png | | image_map = Mahajanapadas_(c._500_BCE).png | ||
| image_map_alt = | | image_map_alt = | ||
| image_map_caption = Assaka and other Mahajanapadas in the | | image_map_caption = Assaka and other Mahajanapadas in the Post Vedic period. | ||
| leader1 = | | leader1 = | ||
| capital = Potali or Podana (present day [[Bodhan]]), <br /> | | capital = Potali or Podana (present day [[Bodhan]]), <br />Asikanagara | ||
| common_languages = [[ | | common_languages = [[Maharashtri ]]<nowiki>I ((Marathi))]] </nowiki>[[Sanskrit]] | ||
| religion = [[ | | religion = [[Hinduism]]<br />[[Buddhism]]<br />[[Jainism]] | ||
| currency = | | currency = | ||
| title_leader = [[Maharaja]] | | title_leader = [[Maharaja]] | ||
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{{HistoryOfSouthAsia}} | {{HistoryOfSouthAsia}} | ||
''' | '''Asmaka''' ([[IAST]]: {{IAST|Asmaka}}) or '''Assaka''' (Pali) was a [[Mahajanapadas|Mahajanapada]] in [[ancient India]] which existed between 700 BCE and 425 or 345 BCE according to the Buddhist text ''[[Aṅguttara Nikāya|Anguttara Nikaya]]'' and ''[[Puranas]]''. It was located around and between the [[Godavari River|Godavari]] river<ref name=":0" /> in present-day [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Telangana]], and [[Maharashtra]]. Its capital is variously called Potali or Podana, and is identified as present-day [[Bodhan]] in Telangana.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
Asmaka was located around and between the river Godavari.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LzHpZ5N5MhcC&q=assaka+aurangabad&pg=PA18|title=Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals|last=Gupta|first=Parmanand|date=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788170222484|language=en}}</ref> It included areas in present-day [[Telangana]], and [[ | Asmaka was located around and between the river Godavari.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LzHpZ5N5MhcC&q=assaka+aurangabad&pg=PA18|title=Geography from Ancient Indian Coins & Seals|last=Gupta|first=Parmanand|date=1989|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788170222484|language=en}}</ref> It included areas in present-day [[Telangana]], and [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qQ5kDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT307|title=Laxminama: Monks, Merchants, Money and Mantra|last1=Tiwari|first1=Anshuman|last2=Sengupta|first2=Anindya|date=2018-08-10|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=9789387146808|pages=307|language=en}}</ref> It was one of the ''shodasa'' (sixteen) [[Mahajanapadas]] in the 6th century BCE, mentioned in the Buddhist text ''[[Aṅguttara Nikāya|Anguttara Nikaya]]''.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YApuAAAAMAAJ|title=Tribes in Ancient India|last=Law|first=Bimala Churn|date=1973|publisher=Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute|pages=180|language=en}}</ref> Puranas mention Asmaka as one of the conquered territories of the [[Nanda Empire|Nandas]] in the 5th or 4th century BCE. | ||
The capital is variously called Potali or Podana, which is identified as present-day [[Bodhan]] in Telangana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA109|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|last=Sen|first=Sailendra Nath|date=1999|publisher=New Age International|isbn=9788122411980|pages=109|language=en}}</ref> The Buddhist text ''Mahagovinda Suttanta'' mentions about a ruler of Asmaka, Brahmadatta who ruled from Potali.<ref>Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1972) ''Political History of Ancient India'', University of Calcutta, mumbai, p.80</ref> The [[Matsya Purana]] (ch. 272) lists twenty-five rulers of Aśmaka, contemporary to the [[Shishunaga]] rulers of [[Magadha]]. [[Pāṇini|Panini]] in his 'Aṣṭādhyāyī' mentions Asmaka Kingdom in connection with Dakshinatya and [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=Kalyan Kumar Das|date=1972|title=The Aśvakas: an Early Indian Tribe|journal=East and West|volume=22|issue=1/2|pages=33–40|jstor=29755742|issn=0012-8376}}</ref> | The capital is variously called Potali or Podana, which is identified as present-day [[Bodhan]] in Telangana.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wk4_ICH_g1EC&pg=PA109|title=Ancient Indian History and Civilization|last=Sen|first=Sailendra Nath|date=1999|publisher=New Age International|isbn=9788122411980|pages=109|language=en}}</ref> The Buddhist text ''Mahagovinda Suttanta'' mentions about a ruler of Asmaka, Brahmadatta who ruled from Potali.<ref>Raychaudhuri, Hemchandra (1972) ''Political History of Ancient India'', University of Calcutta, mumbai, p.80</ref> The [[Matsya Purana]] (ch. 272) lists twenty-five rulers of Aśmaka, contemporary to the [[Shishunaga]] rulers of [[Magadha]]. [[Pāṇini|Panini]] in his 'Aṣṭādhyāyī' mentions Asmaka Kingdom in connection with Dakshinatya and [[Kalinga (historical region)|Kalinga]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=Kalyan Kumar Das|date=1972|title=The Aśvakas: an Early Indian Tribe|journal=East and West|volume=22|issue=1/2|pages=33–40|jstor=29755742|issn=0012-8376}}</ref> | ||
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Asmaka is also identified as Assaka and [[Aśvakas]] in [[Buddhist]] literature and [[Gatha Saptashati]] of king [[Hāla]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} | Asmaka is also identified as Assaka and [[Aśvakas]] in [[Buddhist]] literature and [[Gatha Saptashati]] of king [[Hāla]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2020}} | ||
The [[Hathigumpha inscription]] of [[Kharavela]] (2nd century BCE) mentions Kharavela's threat to a city variously interpreted as " | The [[Hathigumpha inscription]] of [[Kharavela]] (2nd century BCE) mentions Kharavela's threat to a city variously interpreted as "Masika" (Masikanagara), "Musika" (Musikanagara) or "Asika" (Asikanagara). N. K. Sahu identifies Asika as the capital of Asmaka.<ref name="NKSahu_1984">{{cite book|author1=N. K. Sahu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xlMhAAAAMAAJ|title=Khâravela|author2=Kharavela (King of Kalinga)|publisher=Orissa State Museum|year=1984}}</ref>{{rp|127}} According to [[Ajay Mitra Shastri]], "Asika-nagara" was located in the present-day village of Adam in [[Nagpur district]] (on the [[Wainganga River]]). A terracotta seal excavated in the village mentions the Asmaka [[janapada]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Ajay Mitra Shastri|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S0puAAAAMAAJ|title=The Sātavāhanas and the Western Kshatrapas: a historical framework|publisher=Dattsons|year=1998|isbn=978-81-7192-031-0|page=56}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Inguva Karthikeya Sarma|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JDsaAAAAYAAJ|title=Early Brāhmī Inscriptions from Sannati|author2=J. Vara Prasada Rao|date=1 January 1993|publisher=Harman Publishing House|isbn=978-81-85151-68-7|page=68}}</ref> Asmaka also included Mulaka area around [[Paithan]] known in ancient times as [[Pratishthana]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MazdaWXQFuQC&q=assaka+mahajanapada&pg=SL1-PA173|title=Indian History|date=1988|publisher=Allied Publishers|isbn=978-81-8424-568-4|language=en}}</ref> According to ''[[Sutta Nipata]]'' Saketa or [[Ayodhya]] was first halting place on the southward road ([[Dakshinapatha]]) from [[Shravasti]] to Pratishthana.{{sfn|Bakker, Ayodhya, Part 1|1984|p=5}} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||