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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | {{verify|date=August 2021}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}} | ||
{{Infobox unit | {{Infobox unit | ||
| symbol = kos | | symbol = kos | ||
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| quantity = [[length]] | | quantity = [[length]] | ||
| units1 = [[SI units]] | | units1 = [[SI units]] | ||
| inunits1 = {{val|3000|ul=m}} | | inunits1 = {{val|3000|ul=m}}{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
| units2 = [[imperial units|imperial]]/[[US customary units|US]] units | | units2 = [[imperial units|imperial]]/[[US customary units|US]] units | ||
| inunits2 = {{val|1.8|ul=mi}}<br /><!-- | | inunits2 = {{val|1.8|ul=mi}}<br /><!-- | ||
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| inunits3 = | | inunits3 = | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''kos''' (Hindi: कोस), also spelled ''coss'', ''koss'', ''kosh'', ''krosh'', and ''krosha'', is a unit of measurement which is derived from a [[Sanskrit]] term, क्रोश ''krośa'', which means to "call", as the unit was supposed to represent the distance at which another human could be heard. It is an ancient [[Indian subcontinent]]al standard unit of distance, in use since at least 4 | The '''kos''' (Hindi: कोस), also spelled ''coss'', ''koss'', ''kosh'', ''krosh'', and ''krosha'', is a unit of measurement which is derived from a [[Sanskrit]] term, क्रोश ''krośa'', which means to "call", as the unit was supposed to represent the distance at which another human could be heard. It is an ancient [[Indian subcontinent]]al standard unit of distance, in use since at least 4 BC. According to the ''Artha-śāstra'', a ''krośa'' or ''kos'' is about 3000 meters or 1.8 miles.{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
Another conversion is based on the Mughal emperor Akbar, who standardized the unit to 5000 ''[[guz]]'' in the [[Ain-i-Akbari]]. The British in India standardized Akbar's ''guz'' to 33 inches, making the ''kos'' approximately 4191 meters.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/hobsonjobsonbein00yuleuoft/page/261/mode/1up|page=261 |title=Hobson-Jobson : being a glossary of Anglo-India colloquial words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive| author=Yule, Henry| author2= Burnell, A. C.|editor=Crooke, William | year=1903| place= London| publisher= John Murray}}</ref> Another conversion suggested a ''kos'' to be approximately 2 English miles.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/usefultablesfor01pringoog/page/n109/mode/1up| author=Prinsep, James|page=91|title=Useful Tables, Forming an Appendix to the Journal of the Asiatic Society|place=Calcutta| year=1840| publisher= Bishop's College Press}}</ref> | Another conversion is based on the Mughal emperor Akbar, who standardized the unit to 5000 ''[[guz]]'' in the [[Ain-i-Akbari]]. The British in India standardized Akbar's ''guz'' to 33 inches, making the ''kos'' approximately 4191 meters.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/hobsonjobsonbein00yuleuoft/page/261/mode/1up|page=261 |title=Hobson-Jobson : being a glossary of Anglo-India colloquial words and phrases, and of kindred terms, etymological, historical, geographical and discursive| author=Yule, Henry| author2= Burnell, A. C.|editor=Crooke, William | year=1903| place= London| publisher= John Murray}}</ref> Another conversion suggested a ''kos'' to be approximately 2 English miles.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/usefultablesfor01pringoog/page/n109/mode/1up| author=Prinsep, James|page=91|title=Useful Tables, Forming an Appendix to the Journal of the Asiatic Society|place=Calcutta| year=1840| publisher= Bishop's College Press}}</ref> | ||
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[[File:Mughal-era Kos Minar in the Delhi National Zoo.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Kos Minar]] in Delhi]] | [[File:Mughal-era Kos Minar in the Delhi National Zoo.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Kos Minar]] in Delhi]] | ||
The ''"[[Arthashastra]]: Chapter XX. Measurement of space and time"'', authored in 4th century | The ''"[[Arthashastra]]: Chapter XX. Measurement of space and time"'', authored in 4th century BC by [[Chanakya]] (Vishnugupta Kauṭilya), sets this standard breakup of [[India]]n units of length:<ref name=Arthashashtra>[https://archive.org/details/Arthasastra_English_Translation Arthashastra, Chanakya, 4th century BC, pp151]</ref>{{better|date=August 2021}}<ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=September 2007}} {{cite web|url=http://www.valmikiramayan.net/aranya/sarga69/aranyaitrans69.htm#Verse5|accessdate=2007-09-29|title=Valmiki Ramayana / Book III: Aranya Kanda - The Forest Trek / Chapter (Sarga) 69}}</ref> | ||
* 1 Angul (approximate width of a finger) = approx. 3/4 of an inch; | * 1 Angul (approximate width of a finger) = approx. 3/4 of an inch;{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
* 4 Angul = Dhanurgrah (bow grip) = 3 in; | * 4 Angul = Dhanurgrah (bow grip) = 3 in;{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
* 8 Angul = 1 Dhanurmushti (fist with thumb raised) = 6 in; | * 8 Angul = 1 Dhanurmushti (fist with thumb raised) = 6 in;{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
* 12 Angul = 1 Vitastaa (span-distance of stretched out palm between the tips of a person's thumb and the little finger) = 9 in; | * 12 Angul = 1 Vitastaa (span-distance of stretched out palm between the tips of a person's thumb and the little finger) = 9 in;{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
* 2 Vitastaa (from the tip of the elbow to the tip of the middle finger) = 1 Aratni or Hast (cubit or Haath) = 18 in; | * 2 Vitastaa (from the tip of the elbow to the tip of the middle finger) = 1 Aratni or Hast (cubit or Haath) = 18 in;{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
* 4 Aratni (Haath) = 1 Dand or Dhanush (bow) = 6 ft; | * 4 Aratni (Haath) = 1 Dand or Dhanush (bow) = 6 ft;{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
* 10 Dand = 1 Rajju = 60 ft; | * 10 Dand = 1 Rajju = 60 ft;{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
* 2 Rajju = 1 Paridesh = 120 ft; | * 2 Rajju = 1 Paridesh = 120 ft;{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
* 10 Rajju = 1 Goruta = 219 yards or {{fraction|1|8}} miles - nearly 200 m; | * 10 Rajju = 1 Goruta = 219 yards or {{fraction|1|8}} miles - nearly 200 m;{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
* 10 Goruta= 1 Krosh/ Kos = Nearly 3350 Yards or 3060 meters or 1.9 Miles | * 10 Goruta= 1 Krosh/ Kos = Nearly 3350 Yards or 3060 meters or 1.9 Miles{{fact|date=August 2021}} | ||
==Conversion to SI units and Imperial units== | ==Conversion to SI units and Imperial units== | ||
Kos may also refer to roughly 0.2 km ({{sfrac|1|8}} mile)<ref>''Measure for Measure'', Young & Glover, 1996</ref> ''Arthashastra Standard unit'' of Kos or krosh is equal to 200 [[metre]]s in [[SI units]] and 0.125 [[mile]]s in [[Imperial units]].<ref name=StdConv1>Cosmic Order and Cultural Astronomy: Sacred Cities of India, By Rana P. B. Singh with a Foreword by John, 2009. pp.4</ref> | Kos may also refer to roughly 0.2 km ({{sfrac|1|8}} mile)<ref>''Measure for Measure'', Young & Glover, 1996</ref> ''Arthashastra Standard unit'' of Kos or krosh is equal to 200 [[metre]]s in [[SI units]] and 0.125 [[mile]]s in [[Imperial units]].<ref name=StdConv1>Cosmic Order and Cultural Astronomy: Sacred Cities of India, By Rana P. B. Singh with a Foreword by John, 2009. pp.4</ref>{{dubious|date=August 2021}} | ||
==Usage of Kos== | ==Usage of Kos== | ||
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{{India-stub}} | {{India-stub}} | ||
{{Pakistan-stub}} | {{Pakistan-stub}} | ||