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[[Panchalingeshwara Temple, Govindanahalli|Panchalingeshwara Temple]] (also spelt Panchalingeshvara) in Govindanahalli, [[Mandya district]], [[Karnataka]] state, India, was constructed around 1238 A.D. during the reign of the [[Hoysala empire]] King [[Vira Someshwara]]. The name "Panchalingeshwara" literally means "five linga" (''pancha'' - five and ''[[linga]]'' - the universal symbol of the god [[Shiva]]). The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.<ref name="protected">{{cite web |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_karnataka_bangalore.asp|title=Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India|publisher=Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts|access-date=5 April 2013}}</ref> The famous sculptor of Hoysala times, Ruvari Mallitamma, is known to have made contributions to the temple. According to art historian Gerard Foekema, the Panchalingeshwara temple is a rare example of a ''panchakuta'' (''lit'', five shrines with five towers) construction in [[Hoysala architecture]].<ref name="kuta">Foekema (1996), p.25</ref> The five shrines are built on a north-south axial plan with the sanctums face east. In each shrine, the sanctum (''[[garbhagriha]]'') is connected to a hall (''[[mantapa]]'' or ''navaranga'') by a ''[[vestibule (architecture)|vestibule]]'' (''sukanasi''). A long pillared hall on the east connects the individual ''mantapa'' together. The entrance to the temple complex is via two [[porch]]ed entrances whose ceiling are supported by lathe turned pillars. Irrespective of the number of shrines in the complex, these are standard features in Hoysala temples.<ref name="feature">Foekema (1996), pp.21-25</ref><ref name="std2">Brown in Kamath (2001), pp.134-136</ref> The porches are located in front of the second and third shrines.<ref name="common">{{cite web|url=http://asibengalurucircle.org/mandya-3.html|title=Panchalingeshvara Temple|work=Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle|publisher=ASI Bengaluru Circle|access-date=4 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502190310/http://asibengalurucircle.org/mandya-3.html|archive-date=2 May 2015}}</ref> | |||
The decoration (articulation) on the outer walls of the shrines (''[[vimana]]'') is modest and comprises miniature decorative towers (''[[aedicula]]'') on [[pilaster]]s. The wall panel of images between the [[eave]] and the base moldings (''[[adhisthana]]'') include some depictions from the Hindu epics. According to Gerard Foekema, this form of treatment is common to Hoysala art.<ref name="std1">Foekema (1996), pp.28-29</ref> The tower over each shrine (''[[shikhara]]'') comprises the standard three tiers of roofs with each vertically ascending tier diminishing in height. Above this is a structure called the ''[[stupa|stupi]]'' that holds the [[finial]], a decorative water-pot like structure called the ''[[Kalasha]]''.<ref name="kalas">Foekema (2001), pp.27-28</ref> The vestibule of each shrine has a low protruding tower (also called ''sukanasi''). This tower is shorter than the main tower over the shrine and hence appears like an extension of it. Gerard Foekema calls it the "nose" of the main tower.<ref name="nose">Foekema (1996), p.22</ref> The inner walls of the each ''mantapa'' have seventeen niches many of which house sculptures of merit.<ref name="common"/> | The decoration (articulation) on the outer walls of the shrines (''[[vimana]]'') is modest and comprises miniature decorative towers (''[[aedicula]]'') on [[pilaster]]s. The wall panel of images between the [[eave]] and the base moldings (''[[adhisthana]]'') include some depictions from the Hindu epics. According to Gerard Foekema, this form of treatment is common to Hoysala art.<ref name="std1">Foekema (1996), pp.28-29</ref> The tower over each shrine (''[[shikhara]]'') comprises the standard three tiers of roofs with each vertically ascending tier diminishing in height. Above this is a structure called the ''[[stupa|stupi]]'' that holds the [[finial]], a decorative water-pot like structure called the ''[[Kalasha]]''.<ref name="kalas">Foekema (2001), pp.27-28</ref> The vestibule of each shrine has a low protruding tower (also called ''sukanasi''). This tower is shorter than the main tower over the shrine and hence appears like an extension of it. Gerard Foekema calls it the "nose" of the main tower.<ref name="nose">Foekema (1996), p.22</ref> The inner walls of the each ''mantapa'' have seventeen niches many of which house sculptures of merit.<ref name="common"/> | ||
Latest revision as of 08:01, 31 August 2021
12°46′41″N 76°23′30″E / 12.777936°N 76.391772°E
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Govindanahalli is a small village in Mandya district of Karnataka state, southern India.
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Location[edit | edit source]
Govindanahalli village is located 4.9 kilometers west of Kikkeri town in Mandya district of Karnataka.
Tourism[edit | edit source]
Panchalingeshwara Temple (also spelt Panchalingeshvara) in Govindanahalli, Mandya district, Karnataka state, India, was constructed around 1238 A.D. during the reign of the Hoysala empire King Vira Someshwara. The name "Panchalingeshwara" literally means "five linga" (pancha - five and linga - the universal symbol of the god Shiva). The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.[1] The famous sculptor of Hoysala times, Ruvari Mallitamma, is known to have made contributions to the temple. According to art historian Gerard Foekema, the Panchalingeshwara temple is a rare example of a panchakuta (lit, five shrines with five towers) construction in Hoysala architecture.[2] The five shrines are built on a north-south axial plan with the sanctums face east. In each shrine, the sanctum (garbhagriha) is connected to a hall (mantapa or navaranga) by a vestibule (sukanasi). A long pillared hall on the east connects the individual mantapa together. The entrance to the temple complex is via two porched entrances whose ceiling are supported by lathe turned pillars. Irrespective of the number of shrines in the complex, these are standard features in Hoysala temples.[3][4] The porches are located in front of the second and third shrines.[5]
The decoration (articulation) on the outer walls of the shrines (vimana) is modest and comprises miniature decorative towers (aedicula) on pilasters. The wall panel of images between the eave and the base moldings (adhisthana) include some depictions from the Hindu epics. According to Gerard Foekema, this form of treatment is common to Hoysala art.[6] The tower over each shrine (shikhara) comprises the standard three tiers of roofs with each vertically ascending tier diminishing in height. Above this is a structure called the stupi that holds the finial, a decorative water-pot like structure called the Kalasha.[7] The vestibule of each shrine has a low protruding tower (also called sukanasi). This tower is shorter than the main tower over the shrine and hence appears like an extension of it. Gerard Foekema calls it the "nose" of the main tower.[8] The inner walls of the each mantapa have seventeen niches many of which house sculptures of merit.[5]
Image gallery[edit | edit source]
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The village main road -
Government School -
Govindanahalli Village -
The second temple -
View of the temple from the east -
Village vegetation
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See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka". Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
- ↑ Foekema (1996), p.25
- ↑ Foekema (1996), pp.21-25
- ↑ Brown in Kamath (2001), pp.134-136
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Panchalingeshvara Temple". Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
- ↑ Foekema (1996), pp.28-29
- ↑ Foekema (2001), pp.27-28
- ↑ Foekema (1996), p.22
- Gerard Foekema, A Complete Guide to Hoysala Temples, Abhinav, 1996 ISBN 81-7017-345-0
- Rice, Benjamin Lewis (1887). "Mysore district". Mysore, a Gazetteer Complied for Government, Vol II. Delhi: Asian Educational Services. ISBN 81-206-0977-8.
- Adam Hardy, Indian Temple Architecture: Form and Transformation : the Karṇāṭa Drāviḍa Tradition, 7th to 13th Centuries, Abhinav, 1995 ISBN 81-7017-312-4.
- "Alphabetical List of Monuments - Karnataka -Bangalore, Bangalore Circle, Karnataka". Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India. Indira Gandhi National Center for the Arts. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
- "Panchalingeshvara Temple". Archaeological Survey of India, Bengaluru Circle. ASI Bengaluru Circle. Archived from the original on 2 May 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2013.