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[[File:Bhai Parmanand.jpg|thumb|Bhai Parmanand]] | [[File:Bhai Parmanand.jpg|thumb|Bhai Parmanand]] | ||
== | ==Early life== | ||
Parmanand was born into a prominent family of the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], Mohyal Brahmins.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Eminent Freedom Fighters of Punjab |last=Singh |first=Fauja |publisher=Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies |year=1972}}</ref> His father, Tara Chand Mohyal, came from [[Kariala]], [[Jhelum District]] and was an active religious missionary with the [[Arya Samaj]] movement. | Parmanand was born into a prominent family of the [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]], Mohyal Brahmins.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Eminent Freedom Fighters of Punjab |last=Singh |first=Fauja |publisher=Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies |year=1972}}</ref> His father, Tara Chand Mohyal, came from [[Kariala]], [[Jhelum District]] and was an active religious missionary with the [[Arya Samaj]] movement. | ||
==Views on partition== | |||
While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyond [[Sindh]] could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a great [[Musulman]] Kingdom. The [[Hindu]]s of the region should come away, while at the same time the [[Muslim|Musulmans]] in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.<ref>{{cite book|author=Parmanand, Bhai |title=The Story of my Life|url=https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life/page/n73 41]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Jaffrelot, Christophe |title=Hindu Nationalism: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOXWgr53A5kC&pg=PA193|date= 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=1-4008-2803-1|pages=193–}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/4819117/Hindus-_Muslims_in_1857_and_Emergence_of_2_Nation_Theory!|title=Hindus- Muslims in 1857 & Emergence of 2 Nation Theory|access-date=19 May 2007|publisher=Shamsul Islam}}</ref> | While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyond [[Sindh]] could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a great [[Musulman]] Kingdom. The [[Hindu]]s of the region should come away, while at the same time the [[Muslim|Musulmans]] in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.<ref>{{cite book|author=Parmanand, Bhai |title=The Story of my Life|url=https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life|pages=[https://archive.org/details/bhai.parmanand.story.of.my.life/page/n73 41]–}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Jaffrelot, Christophe |title=Hindu Nationalism: A Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mOXWgr53A5kC&pg=PA193|date= 2009|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=1-4008-2803-1|pages=193–}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/4819117/Hindus-_Muslims_in_1857_and_Emergence_of_2_Nation_Theory!|title=Hindus- Muslims in 1857 & Emergence of 2 Nation Theory|access-date=19 May 2007|publisher=Shamsul Islam}}</ref> | ||
==Overseas missions== | |||
In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as a [[Vedas|Vedic]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813|title=Pakistan : Past Future Solutions Policy: 1|publisher=Hindustan Network|access-date=5 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033550/http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> Parmanand visited [[Guyana]] in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in the [[Caribbean]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html|title=Arya Spiritual Center|last=Lal|first=Prita|date=1 May 2005|publisher=Hinduism Here|access-date=30 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214081924/http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html|archive-date=14 February 2006}}</ref> His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visited [[Lala Hardayal]] when he was on retreat in [[Martinique]]. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of the [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Aryan people]]. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat on [[Waikiki Beach]]. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in the [[Anarchism|anarchist movement]]. | In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed with [[Mahatma Gandhi]] as a [[Vedas|Vedic]] missionary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813|title=Pakistan : Past Future Solutions Policy: 1|publisher=Hindustan Network|access-date=5 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927033550/http://hindustan.net/discus/messages/59/7813.html?940177813|archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> Parmanand visited [[Guyana]] in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in the [[Caribbean]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html|title=Arya Spiritual Center|last=Lal|first=Prita|date=1 May 2005|publisher=Hinduism Here|access-date=30 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060214081924/http://www.barnard.columbia.edu/religion/hinduismhere/Lal-article.html|archive-date=14 February 2006}}</ref> His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visited [[Lala Hardayal]] when he was on retreat in [[Martinique]]. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of the [[Indo-Aryan peoples|Aryan people]]. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat on [[Waikiki Beach]]. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in the [[Anarchism|anarchist movement]]. | ||
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Parmanand toured several [[British Empire|British]] colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of the [[Ghadar Party]]. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour to [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party called ''Tarikh-I-Hind''. He returned to India as part of the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]] claiming he was accompanied by 5,000 [[Ghadar Party|Ghadarites]]. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt in [[Peshawar]]. He was arrested in connection with the [[First Lahore Conspiracy Case]] and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the [[Andaman Islands]] until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]], released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/historical-sikh-events-history-of-the-ghadar-movement-part-32.html |title=Historical Sikh Events: History of the Ghadar Movement part 3 – Return to India |last=Singh |first=Jaspal |publisher=All About Sikhs |access-date=5 August 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> | Parmanand toured several [[British Empire|British]] colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of the [[Ghadar Party]]. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour to [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]] in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party called ''Tarikh-I-Hind''. He returned to India as part of the [[Ghadar Conspiracy]] claiming he was accompanied by 5,000 [[Ghadar Party|Ghadarites]]. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt in [[Peshawar]]. He was arrested in connection with the [[First Lahore Conspiracy Case]] and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the [[Andaman Islands]] until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, [[George V of the United Kingdom|George V]], released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/historical-events/historical-sikh-events-history-of-the-ghadar-movement-part-32.html |title=Historical Sikh Events: History of the Ghadar Movement part 3 – Return to India |last=Singh |first=Jaspal |publisher=All About Sikhs |access-date=5 August 2008}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> | ||
==Death== | |||
Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr. [[Bhai Mahavir]], a prominent member of the [[Jana Sangh]] and BJP.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} | Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr. [[Bhai Mahavir]], a prominent member of the [[Jana Sangh]] and BJP.{{citation needed|date=November 2012}} | ||
==Legacy== | |||
An Institute of Business Studies was named after him in New Delhi,<ref>[http://examcrazy.com/colleges/india/delhi/BHAI-PARMANAND-INSTITUTE-OF-BUSINESS.ASP Bhai Parmanand]. Institute of Business Studies</ref> a Public School in East Delhi and a hospital also in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhai Parmanand Vidya Mandir|url=http://www.bvmschool.in/ProgramFiles/Login/HomePageNew.aspx|access-date=2021-03-30|website=www.bvmschool.in}}</ref> | An Institute of Business Studies was named after him in New Delhi,<ref>[http://examcrazy.com/colleges/india/delhi/BHAI-PARMANAND-INSTITUTE-OF-BUSINESS.ASP Bhai Parmanand]. Institute of Business Studies</ref> a Public School in East Delhi and a hospital also in Delhi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bhai Parmanand Vidya Mandir|url=http://www.bvmschool.in/ProgramFiles/Login/HomePageNew.aspx|access-date=2021-03-30|website=www.bvmschool.in}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | |||
* [[Arya Samaj|Arya Samajis]] | |||
* [[Hindu reform movements|Hindu reformists]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{Hindu-German Conspiracy}} | {{Hindu-German Conspiracy}} | ||
{{Indian Revolutionary Movement}} | |||
{{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
Revision as of 00:43, 18 July 2021
Bhai Parmanand (4 November 1876 – 8 December 1947) was an Indian nationalist and a prominent leader of the Hindu Mahasabha.
Early life
Parmanand was born into a prominent family of the Punjab, Mohyal Brahmins.[1] His father, Tara Chand Mohyal, came from Kariala, Jhelum District and was an active religious missionary with the Arya Samaj movement.
Views on partition
While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyond Sindh could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a great Musulman Kingdom. The Hindus of the region should come away, while at the same time the Musulmans in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.[2][3][4]
Overseas missions
In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed with Mahatma Gandhi as a Vedic missionary.[5] Parmanand visited Guyana in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in the Caribbean.[6] His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visited Lala Hardayal when he was on retreat in Martinique. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of the Aryan people. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat on Waikiki Beach. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in the anarchist movement.
Parmanand toured several British colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of the Ghadar Party. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour to Portland in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party called Tarikh-I-Hind. He returned to India as part of the Ghadar Conspiracy claiming he was accompanied by 5,000 Ghadarites. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt in Peshawar. He was arrested in connection with the First Lahore Conspiracy Case and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in the Andaman Islands until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor, George V, released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.[7]
Death
Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr. Bhai Mahavir, a prominent member of the Jana Sangh and BJP.[citation needed]
Legacy
An Institute of Business Studies was named after him in New Delhi,[8] a Public School in East Delhi and a hospital also in Delhi.[9]
See also
References
- ↑ Singh, Fauja (1972). Eminent Freedom Fighters of Punjab. Punjabi University, Dept. of Punjab Historical Studies.
- ↑ Parmanand, Bhai. The Story of my Life. pp. 41–.
- ↑ Jaffrelot, Christophe (2009). Hindu Nationalism: A Reader. Princeton University Press. pp. 193–. ISBN 1-4008-2803-1.
- ↑ "Hindus- Muslims in 1857 & Emergence of 2 Nation Theory". Shamsul Islam. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ "Pakistan : Past Future Solutions Policy: 1". Hindustan Network. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 5 August 2008.
- ↑ Lal, Prita (1 May 2005). "Arya Spiritual Center". Hinduism Here. Archived from the original on 14 February 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
- ↑ Singh, Jaspal. "Historical Sikh Events: History of the Ghadar Movement part 3 – Return to India". All About Sikhs. Retrieved 5 August 2008. [dead link]
- ↑ Bhai Parmanand. Institute of Business Studies
- ↑ "Bhai Parmanand Vidya Mandir". www.bvmschool.in. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
Further reading
- The Story of My Life by Bhai Parmanand, translated by N. Sundra Iyer and Lal Chand, The Central Hindu Yuvak Sabha, Lahore, 1934
| Background |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Ghadar | ||
| Berlin Committee | ||
| Indian figures | ||
| German figures | ||
| Conspiracy | ||
| Counter-intelligence | ||
| Related topics | ||