|
|
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| {{Short description|Multilinear filmmaking style}}
| |
| {{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}
| |
| '''Hyperlink cinema''' is a style of filmmaking characterised by complex or multilinear narrative structures, which are used in ways that are informed by the [[World Wide Web]]. The term was coined by author [[Alissa Quart]], who used the term in her review of the film ''[[Happy Endings (film)|Happy Endings]]'' (2005) for the film journal ''[[Film Comment]]'' in 2005.<ref name=quart>{{cite journal
| |
| |last=Quart
| |
| |first=Alissa
| |
| |title=Networked
| |
| |journal=[[Film Comment]]
| |
| |volume=41
| |
| |issue=4
| |
| |pages=48–5
| |
| |date=Jul–Aug 2005
| |
| |url=http://alissaquart.com/networked_don_roos_and_happy_e/
| |
| |access-date=January 28, 2014
| |
| |url-status=dead
| |
| |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203214153/http://alissaquart.com/networked_don_roos_and_happy_e/
| |
| |archive-date=February 3, 2014
| |
| |df=mdy-all
| |
| }}</ref> Film critic [[Roger Ebert]] popularized the term when reviewing the film ''[[Syriana]]'' in 2005.<ref name=ebert-syriana>{{cite news
| |
| | last =Ebert
| |
| | first =Roger
| |
| | author-link =Roger Ebert
| |
| | title =Syriana
| |
| | work =Reviews
| |
| | publisher =rogerebert.com
| |
| | date =December 9, 2005
| |
| | url =http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20051208/REVIEWS/51130002/1023
| |
| | access-date =July 25, 2007 }}</ref> These films are not [[hypermedia]] and do not have actual [[hyperlink]]s, but are multilinear in a more metaphorical sense.
| |
|
| |
|
| In describing ''Happy Endings'', Quart considers captions acting as [[footnote]]s and [[Split screen (film)|split screen]] as elements of hyperlink cinema and notes the influence of the World Wide Web and [[Human multitasking|multitasking]].<ref name="quart" /> Playing with time and characters' personal history, [[plot twist]]s, interwoven storylines between multiple characters, jumping between the beginning and end ([[Flashback (narrative)|flashback]] and [[flashforward]]) are also elements.<ref name="quart" /> Ebert further described hyperlink cinema as films where the characters or action reside in separate stories, but a connection or influence between those disparate stories is slowly revealed to the audience; illustrated in Mexican director [[Alejandro González Iñárritu|Alejandro González Iñárritu's]] films ''[[Amores perros]]'' (2000), ''[[21 Grams]]'' (2003), and ''[[Babel (film)|Babel]]'' (2006).<ref name="ebert-syriana" /><ref name="ebert-babel" />
| |
|
| |
| Quart suggests that director [[Robert Altman]] created the structure for the genre and demonstrated its usefulness for combining interlocking stories in his films ''[[Nashville (film)|Nashville]]'' (1975) and ''[[Short Cuts]]'' (1993).<ref name="MovieYearbook2007">[[Roger Ebert|Ebert, Roger]] (2006). ''Roger Ebert's Movie Yearbook 2007''. Andrews McMeel Publishing. p. 100. {{ISBN|0-7407-6157-9}}</ref> However, his work was predated by several films, including [[Jean Renoir]]'s ''[[The Rules of the Game]]'' (1939),<ref name="cinemacatharsis.com">[http://www.cinemacatharsis.com/list/ten-classic-hyperlink-films/ Ten Classic Hyperlink Films - CinemaCatharsis]</ref> [[Satyajit Ray]]'s ''[[Kanchenjungha (film)|Kanchenjunga]]'' (1962),<ref name="amc.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.amc.com/movie/1962/Kanchenjungha|title=Kanchenjungha|work=AMC|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151211105908/http://www.amc.com/movie/1962/Kanchenjungha|archive-date=2015-12-11}}</ref> [[Federico Fellini]]'s ''[[Amarcord]]'' (1973),<ref name="tasteofcinema.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/20-great-examples-of-hyperlink-cinema-every-film-buff-must-watch/|title=20 Great Examples of Hyperlink Cinema Every Film Buff Must Watch|website=Taste of Cinema - Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists}}</ref> and [[Ritwik Ghatak]]'s ''[[Titash Ekti Nadir Naam]]'' (1973),<ref name=Ghatak>{{Cite book | last1 = Ghatak | given1 = Ritwik | year = 2000 | title = Rows and Rows of Fences: Ritwik Ghatak on Cinema | publisher = Ritwik Memorial & Trust Seagull Books | isbn = 81-7046-178-2 | pages= ix & 134–36 }}</ref> all of which use a narrative structure based on multiple characters.
| |
|
| |
| Quart also mentions the television series ''[[24 (TV series)|24]]'' and discusses [[Alan Rudolph]]'s film ''[[Welcome to L.A.]]'' (1976) as an early prototype.<ref name="quart"/> ''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]'' (2004) is an example of the genre,<ref>[https://www.ifc.com/2009/02/crossing-over-and-hyperlink-ci “Crossing Over” and Hyperlink Cinema-IFC]</ref> as are [[Steven Soderbergh]]'s ''[[Traffic (2000 film)|Traffic]]'' (2000), [[Fernando Meirelles]]'s ''[[City of God (2002 film)|City of God]]'' (2002), [[Stephen Gaghan]]'s ''[[Syriana]]'' (2005) and [[Rodrigo García (director)|Rodrigo Garcia]]'s ''[[Nine Lives (2005 film)|Nine Lives]]'' (2005).
| |
|
| |
| It also included the style in video games. All of French video game company [[Quantic Dream]] produce games (aside for ''[[The Nomad Soul]]'' and ''[[Beyond: Two Souls]]'') with hyperlink cinema style storytelling. The style has also influenced role-playing games such as ''[[Suikoden III]]'' (2001) and ''[[Octopath Traveler]]'' (2018).
| |
|
| |
| ==Analysis==
| |
| The hyperlink cinema narrative and story structure can be compared to social science's [[spatial analysis]]. As described by Edward Soja and Costis Hadjimichalis spatial analysis examines the "'horizontal experience' of human life, the spatial dimension of individual behavior and social relations, as opposed to the 'vertical experience' of history, tradition, and biography."<ref name="Soja-p59-67">{{cite journal |last1=Soja |first1=Edward W. |last2=Hadjimichalis |first2=Costis |year=1979 |title=Between Geographical Materialism and Spatial Fetishism: Some Observations on the Development of Marxist Spatial Analysis |journal=Antipode |volume=17 |issue=2–3 |pages=59–67 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-8330.1985.tb00334.x }}</ref> English critic [[John Berger]] notes for the novel that "it is scarcely any longer possible to tell a straight story sequentially unfolding in time" for "we are too aware of what is continually traversing the story line laterally."<ref name="Soja-p59-67" />
| |
|
| |
| An academic analysis of hyperlink cinema appeared in the journal ''Critical Studies in Media Communication,'' and referred to the films as Global Network Films. Narine's study examines the films ''Traffic'' (2000), ''Amores perros'' (2000), ''21 Grams'' (2003), ''Beyond Borders'' (2003), ''Crash'' (2004; released 2005), ''Syriana'' (2005), ''Babel'' (2006) and others, citing network theorist [[Manuel Castells]] and philosophers [[Michel Foucault]] and [[Slavoj Žižek]]. The study suggests that the films are network narratives that map the [[network society]] and the new connections citizens experience in the age of [[globalization]].<ref>{{cite journal |last=Narine |first=Neil |title=Global Trauma and the Cinematic Network Society |journal=Critical Studies in Media Communication |volume=27 |issue=3 |year=2010 |pages=209–234 |doi=10.1080/15295030903583556 |s2cid=143671583 }}</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[Alberto Toscano]] and Jeff Kinkle have argued that one popular form of hyperlink cinema constitutes a contemporary form of [[it-narrative]], an 18th- and 19th-century genre of fiction written from the imagined perspective of objects as they move between owners and social environments.<ref name=toscano>{{cite book|first1=Alberto|last1=Toscano|author-link=Alberto Toscano|first2=Jeff|last2=Kinkle|title=Cartographies of the Absolute|publisher=[[Zero Books]]|year=2015|page=192}}</ref> In these films, they argue, "the narrative link is the characters' relation to the film's product of choice, whether it be guns, cocaine, oil, or Nile perch."<ref name=toscano/>
| |
|
| |
| == Examples ==
| |
|
| |
| === Films ===
| |
| {{main category|Hyperlink films}}
| |
| <!-- Please add a CITATION when adding a film. Films without verifiable citations will be removed. -->
| |
| {{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
| |
| *''[[The Rules of the Game]]'' (1939)<ref name="cinemacatharsis.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Kanchenjungha (film)|Kanchenjunga]]'' (1962)<ref name="amc.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Amarcord]]'' (1973)<ref name="tasteofcinema.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Titash Ekti Nadir Naam]]'' (1973)<ref name=Ghatak/>
| |
| *''[[The Phantom of Liberty]]'' (1974)<ref name="tasteofcinema.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Zavallılar|Zavallilar]]'' (1974)<ref name="Ozguc">Bütün Filmleriyle Yilmaz Güney by Agah Özguc</ref>
| |
| *''[[Nashville (film)|Nashville]]'' (1975)<ref name=ebert-syriana />
| |
| *''[[Welcome to L.A.]]'' (1976)<ref name="quart"/>
| |
| * ''[[Yol]]'' (1981)<ref name="Ozguc" />
| |
| * ''[[After Hours (film)|After Hours]]'' (1985)<ref name="moviebabblereviews.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Hannah and Her Sisters]]'' (1986)<ref name="tasteofcinema.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Do the Right Thing]]'' (1989)<ref name="cinemacatharsis.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Dazed and Confused (film)|Dazed and Confused]]'' (1993)<ref name="tasteofcinema.com1">{{cite web|url=http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/20-great-examples-of-hyperlink-cinema-every-film-buff-must-watch/2/|title=20 Great Examples of Hyperlink Cinema Every Film Buff Must Watch|website=Taste of Cinema - Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Short Cuts]]'' (1993)<ref name=ebert-syriana />
| |
| *''[[Three Colours: Red]]'' (1993)<ref name="tasteofcinema.com1"/>
| |
| *''[[Before the Rain (1994 film)|Before the Rain]]'' (1994)<ref>Kipp, Jeremiah (August 12, 2008). "[https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/before-the-rain/3718 Before the Rain | Film Review | Slant Magazine]". Retrieved on March 3, 2010.</ref>
| |
| *''[[Exotica (film)|Exotica]]'' (1994)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090311/REVIEWS08/903119976|title=Exotica|author=Roger Ebert|date=March 11, 2009}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Pulp Fiction (film)|Pulp Fiction]]'' (1994)<ref name="PostmodernHollywood">Booker, M. Keith. (2007). In ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QluEtNUBblUC&pg=PA13 Postmodern Hollywood]''. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 12–21. {{ISBN|0-275-99900-9}}. Google Book Search. Retrieved on October 18, 2008.</ref>
| |
| *''[[Gummo]]'' (1997)<ref name="tasteofcinema.com1"/>
| |
| *''[[Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels]]'' (1998)<ref name=snatch>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QluEtNUBblUC&q=SNATCH+HYPERLINK+CINEMA&pg=PA13|title=Postmodern Hollywood|isbn=9780275999001|last1=Keith Booker|first1=M.|year=2007}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[The Opposite of Sex]]'' (1998)<ref name=quart />
| |
| *''[[Happiness (1998 film)|Happiness]]'' (1998)<ref name=quart />
| |
| *''[[Playing by Heart]]'' (1998)<ref>Holden, Stephen (January 22, 1999). "[https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9807E4DE1130F931A15752C0A96F958260 Movie Review – Playing By Heart – FILM REVIEW; In a Cocktail of Romance, Different Flavors of Love – NYTimes.com]". Retrieved on March 3, 2010.</ref>
| |
| *''[[Go (1999 film)|Go]]'' (1999)<ref name="moviebabblereviews.com">{{cite web|url=https://moviebabblereviews.com/2018/03/17/top-10-greatest-films-of-hyperlink-cinema/|title=Top 10 Greatest Films of 'Hyperlink Cinema'|date=March 17, 2018}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Magnolia (film)|Magnolia]]'' (1999)<ref name=quart /><ref name="the-artifice.com">[https://the-artifice.com/hyperlink-cinema-stories/ Hyperlink Cinema and the Prevalence of Intertwining Stories|The Artifice]</ref>
| |
| *''[[Code Unknown]]'' (2000)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/5141/year/2000.html|title=CODE INCONNU|work=Festival de Cannes}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Timecode (film)|Timecode]]'' (2000)<ref name=quart />
| |
| *''[[Amores perros]]'' (2000)<ref name=ebert-babel />
| |
| *''[[Snatch (film)|Snatch]]'' (2000)<ref name=snatch />
| |
| *''[[Traffic (2000 film)|Traffic]]'' (2000)<ref name=ebert-cape />
| |
| *''[[Lantana (film)|Lantana]]'' (2001)<ref name=ebert-lantana >{{cite news
| |
| | last =Ebert
| |
| | first =Roger
| |
| | author-link =Roger Ebert
| |
| | title = Lantana
| |
| | work =Reviews
| |
| | publisher =rogerebert.com
| |
| | date =January 18, 2002
| |
| | url =http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20020118/REVIEWS/201180303/1023
| |
| | access-date =February 14, 2009}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Thirteen Conversations About One Thing]]'' (2001)<ref name="moviebabblereviews.com"/>
| |
| *''[[City of God (2002 film)|City of God]]'' (2002)<ref name=ebert-cape /><ref name="the-artifice.com"/>
| |
| *''[[11:14]]'' (2003)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devon-cornwall-film.co.uk/2012/04/12/1114-an-obscure-gem-of-a-movie-review/|title=11:14, an obscure gem of a movie (review)|author=Declan Cochran|work=D&CFilm}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Elephant (2003 film)|Elephant]]'' (2003)<ref name=quart />
| |
| *''[[Love, Actually]]'' (2003)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/mar/17/portmanteau-films-wild-tales-pulp-fiction-short-cuts|title=Fragmentation games: the return of the portmanteau film|first=Nicholas|last=Barber|date=March 17, 2015|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[21 Grams]]'' (2003)<ref name=ebert-babel />
| |
| *''[[Cape of Good Hope (film)|Cape of Good Hope]]'' (2004)<ref name=ebert-cape>{{cite news
| |
| | last =Ebert
| |
| | first =Roger
| |
| | author-link =Roger Ebert
| |
| | title =Cape of Good Hope
| |
| | work =Reviews
| |
| | publisher =rogerebert.com
| |
| | date =January 6, 2006
| |
| | url =http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060105/REVIEWS/60103003/1023
| |
| | access-date =February 8, 2008}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Crash (2004 film)|Crash]]'' (2004)<ref name=quart /><ref name="the-artifice.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Aaytha Ezhuthu|Aayutha Ezhuthu]]'' (2004)<ref name=quart />
| |
| *''[[Happy Endings (film)|Happy Endings]]'' (2005)<ref name=quart /><ref name="the-artifice.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Syriana]]'' (2005)<ref name=ebert-syriana /><ref name="the-artifice.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Nine Lives (2005 film)|Nine Lives]]'' (2005)<ref name=ebert-syriana /><ref>[http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2019/the-15-best-glenn-close-movie-performances/ The 15 Best Glenn Close Movie Performances - Taste of Cinema]</ref>
| |
| *''[[Sin City (film)|Sin City]]'' (2005)<ref>Page, Matt. (2005-06-20). "[http://www.openheaven.org/news/243 Film Review: ''Sin City'']". Open Heaven Church. Retrieved on January 8, 2011.</ref>
| |
| *''[[Look Both Ways]]'' (2006)<ref>{{cite news| url=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060427/REVIEWS/60421005/1023 | work=Chicago Sun-Times | title=Look Both Ways}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Babel (film)|Babel]]'' (2006)<ref name=ebert-babel>{{cite news
| |
| | last =Ebert
| |
| | first =Roger
| |
| | author-link =Roger Ebert
| |
| | title =Babel
| |
| | work =Reviews
| |
| | publisher =rogerebert.com
| |
| | date =September 22, 2007
| |
| | url =http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070922/REVIEWS08/70922001/1023
| |
| | access-date =February 8, 2008}}</ref><ref name="the-artifice.com"/>
| |
| *''[[The Edge of Heaven (film)|The Edge of Heaven]]'' (2007)<ref>Skinner, Marjorie. (September 4, 2008). "[http://www.portlandmercury.com/film/the_celestial_prophecy/Content?oid=886902 The Celestial Prophecy :: Living on The Edge of Heaven]". ''[[Portland Mercury]]''. Retrieved on September 5, 2008.</ref>
| |
| *''[[Rendition (film)|Rendition]]'' (2007)<ref>Gandert, Sean. (October 18, 2007). "[https://www.pastemagazine.com/action/article/5503/review/film/rendition Paste Magazine :: Review :: Rendition] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224064922/http://www.pastemagazine.com/action/article/5503/review/film/rendition |date=February 24, 2008 }}". ''[[Paste (magazine)|Paste]]''. Retrieved on February 8, 2008.</ref>
| |
| *''[[You, the Living]]'' (2007)<ref>[http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/20-great-examples-of-hyperlink-cinema-every-film-buff-must-watch/ 20 Great Examples of Hyperlink Cinema Every Film Buff Must Watch - Taste of Cinema]</ref>
| |
| *''[[The Air I Breathe]]'' (2008)<ref>"[https://movies.nytimes.com/2008/01/25/movies/25brea.html The Air I Breathe – Movie – Review]". ''[[The New York Times]]''. Retrieved on May 13, 2008.</ref>
| |
| *''[[Gomorra (film)|Gomorrah]]'' (2008)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2015/20-great-examples-of-hyperlink-cinema-every-film-buff-must-watch/3/|title=20 Great Examples of Hyperlink Cinema Every Film Buff Must Watch|website=Taste of Cinema - Movie Reviews and Classic Movie Lists}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Mumbai Meri Jaan]]'' (2008)<ref>Gupta, Shubra (August 23, 2008). "[http://www.screenindia.com/news/Mumbai-Meri-Jaan--Hindi-/352483/ Mumbai Meri Jaan (Hindi)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091104045342/http://www.screenindia.com/news/Mumbai-Meri-Jaan--Hindi-/352483 |date=November 4, 2009 }}". Retrieved on August 8, 2009.</ref>
| |
| *''[[Vantage Point (film)|Vantage Point]]'' (2008)<ref>Chang, Justin (21 February 2008). [https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117936282?refcatid=31 Vantage Point]. ''[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]''. Retrieved 2011-01-03.</ref>
| |
| *''[[Ajami (film)|Ajami]]'' (2009)<ref>Snider, Eric D. (February 16, 2010).
| |
| "[http://www.cinematical.com/2010/02/16/portland-film-fest-review-ajami/ Portland Film Fest Review: Ajami – Cinematical]". Retrieved on March 3, 2010.</ref>
| |
| *''[[Powder Blue (film)|Powder Blue]]'' (2009)<ref>Anderson, Melissa. (May 8, 2009). "[https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117940219.html?categoryid=31&cs=1 Powder Blue Review – Read Variety's Analysis Of The Movie Powder Blue]". Retrieved on July 21, 2010.</ref>
| |
| *''[[Watchmen (film)|Watchmen]]'' (2009)<ref>Hiscock, John. (2009-02-25). "[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/filmreviews/4804627/Watchmen-film-review.html ''Watchmen'': the 'unfilmable' on screen]". ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Retrieved on January 8, 2011.</ref><ref>Perkis, Ed. (2009–12). "[http://www.filmhobbit.com/dvds/Watchmen-Director-s-Cut-Blu-ray-4038.html ''Watchmen'' Director's Cut Blu-ray Review]". ''Cinema Blend''. Retrieved on January 8, 2011.</ref>
| |
| *''[[Hereafter (film)|Hereafter]]'' (2010)<ref>{{cite news| url=http://marshallandthemovies.com/2010/11/04/hereafter/ | work=Marshall and the Movies | title=REVIEW: Hereafter « Marshall and the Movies}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Vedam (film)|Vedam]]'' (2010)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madaboutmoviez.com/2012/12/02/revisiting-vedam-probably-the-best-telugu-film-of-recent-times/|title=Revisiting Vedam: Probably the best Telugu film of recent times?|date=December 2, 2012}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Answers to Nothing (film)|Answers to Nothing]]'' (2011)<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/answers-to-nothing/|title=Answers to Nothing|last=Osenlund|first=R. Kurt|work=[[Slant Magazine]]|date=December 2, 2011|access-date=October 16, 2019}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Bombay March 12]]'' (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nowrunning.com/movie/8593/malayalam/bombay-march-12/3185/review.htm|title=Bombay March 12 Review|date=July 3, 2011|work=nowrunning}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Contagion (2011 film)|Contagion]]'' (2011)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slate.com/id/2303397/ |title=Steven Soderbergh's Contagion |last=Wickman |first=Forrest |date=September 9, 2011 |work=Slate.com}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Cloud Atlas (film)|Cloud Atlas]]'' (2012)<ref>LaSalle, Mick (October 25, 2012). "[http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Cloud-Atlas-review-Baring-your-soul-3981566.php 'Cloud Atlas' review: Baring your soul - SFGate]". ''[[SFGate]]''. Retrieved on June 8, 2013.</ref><ref name="the-artifice.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Disconnect (2012 film)|Disconnect]]'' (2012)<ref>{{cite news|last=Hachard|first=Thomas|date=April 7, 2013|url=https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/disconnect|title=Disconnect|work=Slant Magazine|access-date=August 16, 2016}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[The Big Short (film)|The Big Short]]'' (2015)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/24/the-big-short-review-crash-riveting-steve-carell-christian-bale|title=The Big Short review – life with the Wall Street sharks|first1=Mark|last1=Kermode|first2=Observer film|last2=critic|date=January 24, 2016|via=www.theguardian.com}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Dunkirk (2017 film)|Dunkirk]]'' (2017)<ref name="moviebabblereviews.com"/>
| |
| *''[[Maanagaram]]'' (2017)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/entertainment/kollywood/170716/sree-regina-film-maanagaram-with-a-hyperlink-narration.html|title=Sree-Regina film Maanagaram with a hyperlink narration|first=Anupama|last=Subramanian|date=July 17, 2016|website=Deccan Chronicle}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Odu Raja Odu]]'' (2018)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sify.com/movies/odu-raja-odu--a-black-comedy-that-is-watchable-review-tamil-siqvNtidjiifd.html|title=Review : Odu Raja Odu -A black comedy that is watchable (2018)|website=www.sify.com}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Super Deluxe (film)|Super Deluxe]]'' (2019)<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7019942/ Super Deluxe (2019)-IMDB]</ref>
| |
| *''[[The Devil All the Time (film)|The Devil All the Time]]'' (2020)<ref>[https://m.imdb.com/title/tt7395114/]</ref>
| |
| *''[[The French Dispatch]]'' (2021)<ref>[https://www.gq.com/story/wes-anderson-the-french-dispatch Wes Anderson’s The French Dispatch Looks Like the Most Wes Anderson-y Film Yet|CQ]</ref>
| |
|
| |
| {{div col end}}
| |
|
| |
| === Video Games ===
| |
|
| |
| * ''[[Suikoden III]]'' (2001)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Suikoden III in-depth review|url=https://www.ignboards.com/threads/suikoden-iii-in-depth-review.28745817/|access-date=2020-12-28|website=IGN Boards|language=en-US}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Fahrenheit (2005 video game)|Indigo Prophecy]]'' (2005)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indigo Prophecy Review|url=https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/indigo-prophecy-review/1900-6134083/|access-date=2020-12-28|website=GameSpot|language=en-US}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Heavy Rain]]'' (2010)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Interview: David Cage of Quantic Dream and Heavy Rain|url=https://www.engadget.com/2009-05-27-interview-david-cage-of-quantic-dream-and-heavy-rain.html|access-date=2020-11-04|website=Engadget|language=en}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Resident Evil 6]]'' (2012)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Resident Evil 6 HD Remaster Review – Not Worth The Replay Value|url=https://gamingbolt.com/resident-evil-6-hd-remaster-review/amp|access-date=2021-01-26|website=gamingbolt.com}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Until Dawn]]'' (2015)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-31|title=Tips on how to save, or lose, all eight characters in Until Dawn|url=https://venturebeat.com/2015/08/31/tips-on-how-to-save-or-lose-all-eight-characters-in-until-dawn-massive-spoilers/|access-date=2020-11-04|website=VentureBeat|language=en-US}}</ref>
| |
| *''[[Octopath Traveler]]'' (2018)<ref>[https://www.digitaltrends.com/gaming/octopath-traveler-forgettable-stories/ ‘Octopath Traveler’ tells eight stories, and they’re all forgettable|Digital Trends]</ref>
| |
| *''[[Detroit: Become Human]]'' (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Detroit: Become Human Story and Ending Explained - Here's What Happened|url=https://gadgets.ndtv.com/games/features/detroit-plot-story-ending-spoilers-ps4-detroit-become-human-1857515|access-date=2020-10-31|website=NDTV Gadgets 360|language=en}}</ref>
| |
|
| |
| ===Directors associated with hyperlink cinema===
| |
| *[[Paul Thomas Anderson]]<ref name="hyperlinkcinema">[https://the-artifice.com/hyperlink-cinema-stories/ Hyperlink Cinema and the Prevalence of Intertwining Stories], [[The Artifice (magazine)|The Artifice]]</ref><ref name="the-artifice.com"/>
| |
| *[[Satyajit Ray]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ray|first=Satyajit|title=Prabandha Sangraha|publisher=Ananda Publishers|year=2015|isbn=978-93-5040-553-6|location=Kolkata|pages=120–121}}</ref>
| |
| *[[Alejandro González Iñárritu]]<ref name="hyperlinkcinema" /><ref name="the-artifice.com"/>
| |
| *[[Quentin Tarantino]]<ref name="hyperlinkcinema" /><ref name="cinemacatharsis.com"/><ref name="the-artifice.com"/><ref name="laweekly.com">[https://www.laweekly.com/20-worst-hipster-movies-of-all-time/ 20 Worst Hipster Movies of All Time - LA Weekly]</ref>
| |
| *[[Robert Altman]]<ref name="ebert-syriana" /><ref name="cinemacatharsis.com"/>
| |
| *[[The Wachowskis]]<ref name="hyperlinkcinema" /><ref name="the-artifice.com"/>
| |
| *[[Tom Tykwer]]<ref name="hyperlinkcinema" />
| |
| *[[Steven Soderbergh]]<ref name="cinemacatharsis.com"/><ref name="laweekly.com"/>
| |
| *[[Richard Linklater]]<ref name="cinemacatharsis.com"/>
| |
|
| |
| == See also ==
| |
| * [[Anthology film]]
| |
| * [[Composite film]]
| |
| * [[Nonlinear (arts)]]
| |
| * [[Cinema of India]]
| |
| * [[Ensemble cast]]
| |
|
| |
| ==References==
| |
| {{Reflist|30em}}
| |
|
| |
| == External links ==
| |
| * [http://www.kottke.org/06/02/syriana Jason Kottke's explanation of the origin of the term]
| |
|
| |
| {{Film genres}}
| |
|
| |
| [[Category:Film genres]]
| |
| [[Category:Film styles]]
| |
| [[Category:Concepts in film theory]]
| |
| [[Category:History of film]]
| |
| [[Category:2000s neologisms]]
| |
| [[Category:2005 neologisms]]
| |
| [[Category:1970s in film]]
| |
| [[Category:1980s in film]]
| |
| [[Category:1990s in film]]
| |
| [[Category:2000s in film]]
| |
| [[Category:2010s in film]]
| |
| [[Category:2020s in film]]
| |
.svg)