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== Misconceptions ==
== Misconceptions ==
Many modern media reports falsely attribute [[Hanwant Singh]] as the founder of the this party,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Prakash |date=16 November 2023 |title=Rajasthan elections: Royals in the fray bear ancestral legacy |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/politics/rajasthan-elections-royals-in-the-fray-bear-ancestral-legacy#bypass-sw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109161841/http://https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/politics/rajasthan-elections-royals-in-the-fray-bear-ancestral-legacy#bypass-sw |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Maharaja of Jodhpur used aircraft for LS campaigns in 1952 - The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/maharaja-of-jodhpur-used-aircraft-for-ls-campaigns-in-1952/articleshow/33677449.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260909060203/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/maharaja-of-jodhpur-used-aircraft-for-ls-campaigns-in-1952/articleshow/33677449.cms |archive-date=2026-09-09 |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-14 |title=Election 2014: No thrill in princess versus pauper in Jodhpur - Politics News , Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/election-2014-no-thrill-in-princess-versus-pauper-in-jodhpur-1479829.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210115155141/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/election-2014-no-thrill-in-princess-versus-pauper-in-jodhpur-1479829.html |archive-date=2021-01-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=Firstpost |language=en-US}}</ref> but it was actually founded by [[Swami Karpatri]] in 1948.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=कुमावत |first=स्मित पालीवाल/रमेश |date=2023-10-28 |title=सीएम को 2 जगहों से हरवाने वाले हनवंत सिंह: फिर भी नहीं बनी राजशाही सरकार, जीतने से पहले पूर्व महाराज की मौत - Rajasthan News |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/news/hanwant-singh-who-defeated-cm-from-2-places-132059103.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baxter |first=Craig |url=https://archive.org/details/janasanghbiograp0000baxt/page/78/mode/1up?q=%22Ram+rajya+parishad%22 |title=The Jana Sangh; a biography of an Indian political party |date=1969 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-7583-4 |location=Philadelphia |page=78}}</ref> There's another misconception that this party eventually merged into the [[Jana Sangh]], the precursor to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]],<ref name=Bell/> but it lacks authenticity.<ref name="Sadhus">{{cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Koushiki |title=Sadhus in Indian politics: dynamics of Hindutva |date=2021 |publisher=Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd |location=New Delhi, India ; Thousand Oaks, California |isbn=978-93-91370-93-0 |page=110 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/553215299/Dasgupta-K-Sadhus-in-Indian-Politics |access-date=8 October 2026}}</ref> The only time a genuine institutional merger was officially considered was between 1952 and 1953, initiated by [[Shyama Prasad Mukherjee|Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee]] ([[Jana Sangh]]) and [[Nirmal Chandra Chatterjee|N. C. Chatterjee]] ([[Hindu Mahasabha]]).<ref name="Jana">{{cite book |last1=Baxter |first1=Craig |title=The Jana Sangh: A Biography of an Indian Political Party |date=2016 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia, Pa |isbn=9781512800326 |page=108 |access-date=8 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lal |first1=A. B. |title=The Indian parliament. |date=1956 |publisher=Chaitanya Publishing House |page=65 |url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL18856502M/The_Indian_parliament. |access-date=8 October 2026}}</ref>  
Many modern media reports falsely attribute [[Hanwant Singh]] as the founder of the this party,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhandari |first=Prakash |date=16 November 2023 |title=Rajasthan elections: Royals in the fray bear ancestral legacy |url=https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/politics/rajasthan-elections-royals-in-the-fray-bear-ancestral-legacy#bypass-sw |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251109161841/http://https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/politics/rajasthan-elections-royals-in-the-fray-bear-ancestral-legacy#bypass-sw |archive-date=2025-11-09 |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=National Herald |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Maharaja of Jodhpur used aircraft for LS campaigns in 1952 - The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/maharaja-of-jodhpur-used-aircraft-for-ls-campaigns-in-1952/articleshow/33677449.cms |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260909060203/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/maharaja-of-jodhpur-used-aircraft-for-ls-campaigns-in-1952/articleshow/33677449.cms |archive-date=2026-09-09 |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-14 |title=Election 2014: No thrill in princess versus pauper in Jodhpur - Politics News , Firstpost |url=https://www.firstpost.com/politics/election-2014-no-thrill-in-princess-versus-pauper-in-jodhpur-1479829.html |archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20210115155141/https://www.firstpost.com/politics/election-2014-no-thrill-in-princess-versus-pauper-in-jodhpur-1479829.html |archive-date=2021-01-15 |access-date=2026-09-09 |work=Firstpost |language=en-US}}</ref> but it was actually founded by [[Swami Karpatri]] in 1948.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=कुमावत |first=स्मित पालीवाल/रमेश |date=2023-10-28 |title=सीएम को 2 जगहों से हरवाने वाले हनवंत सिंह: फिर भी नहीं बनी राजशाही सरकार, जीतने से पहले पूर्व महाराज की मौत - Rajasthan News |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/news/hanwant-singh-who-defeated-cm-from-2-places-132059103.html |access-date=2026-09-09 |website=Dainik Bhaskar |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Baxter |first=Craig |url=https://archive.org/details/janasanghbiograp0000baxt/page/78/mode/1up?q=%22Ram+rajya+parishad%22 |title=The Jana Sangh; a biography of an Indian political party |date=1969 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0-8122-7583-4 |location=Philadelphia |page=78}}</ref> There's another misconception that this party eventually merged into the [[Jana Sangh]], the precursor to the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]],<ref name=Bell/> but it lacks authenticity.<ref name="Sadhus">{{cite book |last1=Dasgupta |first1=Koushiki |title=Sadhus in Indian politics: dynamics of Hindutva |date=2021 |publisher=Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd |location=New Delhi, India ; Thousand Oaks, California |isbn=978-93-91370-93-0 |page=110 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/553215299/Dasgupta-K-Sadhus-in-Indian-Politics |access-date=8 October 2026}}</ref> The only time a genuine institutional merger was officially considered was between 1952 and 1953, initiated by [[Shyama Prasad Mukherjee|Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee]] ([[Jana Sangh]]) and [[Nirmal Chandra Chatterjee|N. C. Chatterjee]] ([[Hindu Mahasabha]]),<ref name="Jana">{{cite book |last1=Baxter |first1=Craig |title=The Jana Sangh: A Biography of an Indian Political Party|url=https://dokumen.pub/the-jana-sangh-a-biography-of-an-indian-political-party-reprint-2016nbsped-9781512800326.html|date=2016 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia, Pa |isbn=9781512800326 |page=108 |access-date=8 October 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Lal |first1=A. B. |title=The Indian parliament. |date=1956 |publisher=Chaitanya Publishing House |page=65 |url=https://openlibrary.org/books/OL18856502M/The_Indian_parliament. |access-date=8 October 2026}}</ref> which failed because [[Swami Karpatri|Karpatri]] insisted that any merged party must formally pledge itself to the authority of [[Hindu scriptures]] (''Dharmashastras'') and preserve strict [[Varna (Hinduism)|caste hierarchy]].<ref name="Graham">{{cite book |last1=Graham |first1=Bruce Desmond |title=Hindu nationalism and Indian politics: the origins and development of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/306476336/Bruce-Desmond-Graham-Hindu-Nationalism-and-Indian-Politics-The-Origins-and-Development-of-the-Bharatiya-Jana-Sangh-pdf|date=1992 |publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-521-38348-6 |page=95}}</ref><ref name="Rebels">{{cite news |last1=Dhingra |first1=Sanya |title=Rebels of the Right. The radical Hindutva challenge to the Sangh is as old as RSS itself |url=https://theprint.in/politics/rebels-of-the-right-the-radical-hindutva-challenge-to-the-sangh-is-as-old-as-rss-itself/2615792/ |access-date=9 October 2026 |work=theprint.in}}</ref> The request was denied as being "impossible" to execute and the death of Mukherjee, the core unifying factor in the merger talks, in 1953 also failed the merger.<ref>{{cite book |title=1947-1957 India: the birth of a republic |date=2023 |publisher=Vintage by Penguin Random House India |location=Gurugram |isbn=9780670097104 |page=194 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/733770335/1947-1957-India-The-Birth-of-a-Republic-Chandrachur-Ghose-Z-Library |access-date=9 October 2026}}</ref>


==Bibliography==
==Bibliography==

Revision as of 12:47, 9 October 2026


Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad
अखिल भारतीय रामराज्य परिषद्
AbbreviationRRP
PresidentSwaroopanand Saraswati (1950s)
FounderSwami Karpatri
Founded7 April 1949
Split from
  • Vasudev Shastri "Atul" (V.S. Atul) (disbanded)
  • Prem Ballabh Vyas (disputed)
Succeeded byAkhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad (Prem Ballabh Vyas)
Headquarters
  • Jaipur (formerly)
  • Shri Krishna Bodha Dham, 7, Shankaracharya Marg, Civil Lines, New Delhi, 110054
IdeologyHindutva
Hindu Nationalism
Anti-Hindu Code Bill
Political positionFar-Right
Slogan
  • Dharma ki jaya ho! (Victory to Dharma)
  • Adharma ka nasha ho! (Destruction to Adharma)
  • Praniyon me sadbhavana ho! (May there be good-faith in beings)
  • Vishwa ka kalyana ho! (May there be welfare of the world)
  • Gau Hatya Banda ho! (Ban cow-slaughter)
  • Gau mata ki jai ho! (Victory to mother cow)
  • Hara Hara Mahadeva! (Shiva Invocation)
ECI StatusRegistered Unrecognized Political Party (RUPP) (disputed)
Election symbol
Party flag

Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad (RRP, "All India Council of Ram's Kingdom") was an Indian Hindu nationalist political party founded by Swami Karpatri in 1949,[1] [2] headquartered in Jaipur.[3] The RRP won three Lok Sabha seats in the 1952 elections to the national Parliament and two in 1962.[4] In 1952, 1957 and 1962, it won several dozen Vidhan Sabha seats, all in the Hindi belt, mostly in Rajasthan. Like other Hindutva-based parties, the RRP fought against the implementation of the Hindu code bills in India.[5] The election symbol of the party was the rising sun.[6] In the 1950s, Swaroopanand Saraswati was its president.[7].

Electoral performance

Lok Sabha

Year Legislature Party leader Seats won Seats changed Percentage

(of votes)

Votes swing Popular votes Outcome
1952 1st Lok Sabha Swami Karpatri 3 newly formed 1.97% newly formed 20,91,898
1957 2nd Lok Sabha 0
Decrease3
 0.38% Decrease1.59% 4,60,838
1962 3rd Lok Sabha 2
Increase2
 0.60% Increase0.22% 6,88,990

Misconceptions

Many modern media reports falsely attribute Hanwant Singh as the founder of the this party,[8][9][10] but it was actually founded by Swami Karpatri in 1948.[11][12] There's another misconception that this party eventually merged into the Jana Sangh, the precursor to the Bharatiya Janata Party,[5] but it lacks authenticity.[13] The only time a genuine institutional merger was officially considered was between 1952 and 1953, initiated by Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee (Jana Sangh) and N. C. Chatterjee (Hindu Mahasabha),[14][15] which failed because Karpatri insisted that any merged party must formally pledge itself to the authority of Hindu scriptures (Dharmashastras) and preserve strict caste hierarchy.[16][17] The request was denied as being "impossible" to execute and the death of Mukherjee, the core unifying factor in the merger talks, in 1953 also failed the merger.[18]

Bibliography

  • Baxter, Craig (1971). The Jana Sangha. A Biography of an Indian Political Party. Delhi, India: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-7583-4.

References

  1. ↑ "Akhil Bhartiya Ramrajya Parishad - Contribution Reports Year 2009-10 - Election Commission of India". Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
  2. ↑ Kumar, Sajjan (4 August 2020). "The conservative challenge to Hindutva". The Hindu. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  3. ↑ "SATYAGRAHA AGAINST HINDU CODE BILL". The Indian Express. 7 February 1950. p. 7.
  4. ↑ "Biographical sketches of Third Lok Sabha". National Informatics Centre, Government of India. Archived from the original on 19 May 2006. Retrieved 14 August 2006.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 LS Herdenia. "Uniform Civil Code: How RSS and Hindu swamis fought tooth and nail the Hindu Code Bill".
  6. ↑ Election Commission of India (16 July 2018). "Symbols of 14 National Political Parties that contested during the first General Elections in 1951 – 52. #ElectionCommissionOfIndia #ElectionCommission #ECI". Facebook.
  7. ↑ Singh, Soutik BiswasN K. (31 July 1993). "Controversial Shankaracharya, Swaroopanand challenges VHP's role in building Ram temple". India Today. Retrieved 8 September 2026.
  8. ↑ Bhandari, Prakash (16 November 2023). "Rajasthan elections: Royals in the fray bear ancestral legacy". National Herald. Archived from the original on 9 November 2025. Retrieved 9 September 2026.
  9. ↑ "Maharaja of Jodhpur used aircraft for LS campaigns in 1952 - The Times of India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 9 September 2026. Retrieved 9 September 2026.
  10. ↑ "Election 2014: No thrill in princess versus pauper in Jodhpur - Politics News , Firstpost". Firstpost. 14 April 2014. Archived from the original on 15 January 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2026.
  11. ↑ कुमावत, स्मित पालीवाल/रमेश (28 October 2023). "सीएम को 2 जगहों से हरवाने वाले हनवंत सिंह: फिर भी नहीं बनी राजशाही सरकार, जीतने से पहले पूर्व महाराज की मौत - Rajasthan News". Dainik Bhaskar (in हिन्दी). Retrieved 9 September 2026.
  12. ↑ Baxter, Craig (1969). The Jana Sangh; a biography of an Indian political party. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-8122-7583-4.
  13. ↑ Dasgupta, Koushiki (2021). Sadhus in Indian politics: dynamics of Hindutva. New Delhi, India ; Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd. p. 110. ISBN 978-93-91370-93-0. Retrieved 8 October 2026.
  14. ↑ Baxter, Craig (2016). The Jana Sangh: A Biography of an Indian Political Party. Philadelphia, Pa: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 108. ISBN 9781512800326. Retrieved 8 October 2026.
  15. ↑ Lal, A. B. (1956). The Indian parliament. Chaitanya Publishing House. p. 65. Retrieved 8 October 2026.
  16. ↑ Graham, Bruce Desmond (1992). Hindu nationalism and Indian politics: the origins and development of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-521-38348-6.
  17. ↑ Dhingra, Sanya. "Rebels of the Right. The radical Hindutva challenge to the Sangh is as old as RSS itself". theprint.in. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
  18. ↑ 1947-1957 India: the birth of a republic. Gurugram: Vintage by Penguin Random House India. 2023. p. 194. ISBN 9780670097104. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
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