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→The war
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With the Bahmani forces advancing, Deva Raya II withdrew to Mudgal, where his troops were stationed. Simultaneously, the second son of Deva Raya faced defeat at Bankapur and was forced to retreat as well.{{Sfn|Sarma|1992|p=61}} The two primary forces, led by Deva Raya II and Alauddin, clashed at Mudgal, engaging in a fierce battle. Initially, the Vijayanagara forces gained the upper hand, delivering a severe blow to the Bahmani forces. However, as the battle dragged on for two months, the Bahmani forces ultimately emerged victorious. The eldest son of Deva Raya, who had been wounded, was killed in the battle. Deva Raya managed to capture two officers of Alauddin, namely Fakhrul Mulk Dehlavi and his brother, before retreating to the safety of the Mudgal fort.{{Sfn|Sherwani|1985|pp=238-239}}{{Sfn|Sarma|1992|pp=61-62}} Upon learning of this, Alauddin sent a message to Deva Raya warning that if the two high-ranking officers were harmed, he would not hesitate to exact retribution by killing two lakh of his men when the time came. Deva Raya was not in a mood to continue the conflict furthermore. In response, Deva Raya said that he would pay tribute and stop fighting if the Sultan promises not to cross the frontier in the future.<ref>{{harvnb|Sherwani|1985|p=239}}: "On hearing this the Sultan sent a message to Deva Raya that if these two high officers were killed he would not deter from killing two lacs of his men to atone for their lives when time came. The Raya, evidently not in a mood to carry on the conflict any further, replied that he was willing to pay up all the arrears of tribute and to cease fighting if the Sultan promised that he would not cross the frontier in future. The Sultan agreed and treaty was forthwith signed, while Fakhru'l-Mulk was sent back to the Sultan's camp along with his brother and all the arrears of tribute duly paid."</ref> | With the Bahmani forces advancing, Deva Raya II withdrew to Mudgal, where his troops were stationed. Simultaneously, the second son of Deva Raya faced defeat at Bankapur and was forced to retreat as well.{{Sfn|Sarma|1992|p=61}} The two primary forces, led by Deva Raya II and Alauddin, clashed at Mudgal, engaging in a fierce battle. Initially, the Vijayanagara forces gained the upper hand, delivering a severe blow to the Bahmani forces. However, as the battle dragged on for two months, the Bahmani forces ultimately emerged victorious. The eldest son of Deva Raya, who had been wounded, was killed in the battle. Deva Raya managed to capture two officers of Alauddin, namely Fakhrul Mulk Dehlavi and his brother, before retreating to the safety of the Mudgal fort.{{Sfn|Sherwani|1985|pp=238-239}}{{Sfn|Sarma|1992|pp=61-62}} Upon learning of this, Alauddin sent a message to Deva Raya warning that if the two high-ranking officers were harmed, he would not hesitate to exact retribution by killing two lakh of his men when the time came. Deva Raya was not in a mood to continue the conflict furthermore. In response, Deva Raya said that he would pay tribute and stop fighting if the Sultan promises not to cross the frontier in the future.<ref>{{harvnb|Sherwani|1985|p=239}}: "On hearing this the Sultan sent a message to Deva Raya that if these two high officers were killed he would not deter from killing two lacs of his men to atone for their lives when time came. The Raya, evidently not in a mood to carry on the conflict any further, replied that he was willing to pay up all the arrears of tribute and to cease fighting if the Sultan promised that he would not cross the frontier in future. The Sultan agreed and treaty was forthwith signed, while Fakhru'l-Mulk was sent back to the Sultan's camp along with his brother and all the arrears of tribute duly paid."</ref> | ||
== Aftermath == | |||
After Deva Raya responded stating that he is ready to pay all the outstanding tribute and stop the war if the Sultan promises not to cross the frontier in the future, Alauddin agreed with these terms, and a treaty was promptly signed. Fakhru’l-Mulk, along with his brother, was returned to the Sultan's camp, and all overdue tribute payments were duly settled.<ref>{{harvnb|Sherwani|1985|p=239}}: "On hearing this the Sultan sent a message to Deva Raya that if these two high officers were killed he would not deter from killing two lacs of his men to atone for their lives when time came. The Raya, evidently not in a mood to carry on the conflict any further, replied that he was willing to pay up all the arrears of tribute and to cease fighting if the Sultan promised that he would not cross the frontier in future. The Sultan agreed and treaty was forthwith signed, while Fakhru'l-Mulk was sent back to the Sultan's camp along with his brother and all the arrears of tribute duly paid."</ref> | |||
According to Firishta, the two parties fought battles on three separate occasions within the space of two months. During the first encounter, Devaraya gained a massive victory, causing heavy casualties to the Bahmani army. However, the tide turned in the second battle, and after the third, the conflict ended with a peace treaty between them.<ref>{{Citation |last=Wagoner |first=Phillip B. |title=India, c.1200–c.1500 |date=2020 |work=The Cambridge History of War: Volume 2: War and the Medieval World |volume=2 |pages=498 |editor-last=Curry |editor-first=Anne |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/cambridge-history-of-war/india-c1200c1500/A9B0F7E07C20ECBA03C08BF4259B3849 |access-date=2025-02-16 |series=Cambridge History of War |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-87715-2 |quote=Firishta notes that three engagements took place between the two armies in the space of two months, and that in the first, Devaraya emerged victorious after inflicting heavy losses on the Bahmani troops. Although the tide turned in the second engagement, and the conflict ultimately ended with a peace treaty after the third, the campaign seems to have marked the dawn of a new era for Vijayanagara's military culture. |editor2-last=Graff |editor2-first=David A.}}</ref> | |||
This marked the final conflict between Vijayanagara and the Bahmani kings, concluding the historical record of their interactions and relations with their southern neighbor.{{Sfn|Allan|1964|p=283}} Abd-ur-Razzaq visited Vijayanagara shortly after this war, where he embellished the city's grandeur, praising its splendid architecture and formidable fortifications. Deva Raya lived for six more years following these events, during which the only source of concern was the northern frontier, particularly due to the activities of the monarch of Orissa, the Gajapatis. Therefore, upon Devaraya II's demise, the kingdom remained in a highly satisfactory state and smoothly passed on to his eldest surviving son, Mallikarjuna, without any disputes. Devaraya II had lost one or two of his adult sons during the wars against the Bahmanis throughout his reign. Additionally, it is believed that during the massacre that culminated in the attempt on his life, one of his grown-up sons was also killed. Consequently, it is likely that Mallikarjuna ascended to the throne at a relatively young age.{{sfn|Rapson|1928|pp=492-493}} | |||