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The Kuvayamālā, a jain work composed in 778 CE, mentions Harigupta, linked to the [[Gupta dynasty]], as the mentor of [[Toramana]]. It also notes another of his students, Devagupta, who is referred to as a royal sage ([[Rajarshi]]). Furthermore, copper coins found in the [[Ramnagar, Varanasi|Ramnagar]] area, which was part of the ancient [[Panchala]] region, suggest the presence of a ruler named Maharaja Harigupta, who is believed to have been active around 500 CE. Harigupta, likely a scion of the Gupta imperial family, is believed to have established himself in northern Panchala. The reasons for his potential alliance with the Huna invaders are not fully explained by the available historical sources.<ref>{{Cite book |last=S. R. Goyal |url=https://archive.org/details/goyal-1967_202412 |title=A history of the Imperial Guptas. With a Foreword by R. C. Majumdar. |date=1967 |pages=339–340 |quote=According to Altekar, the find-spot of these coins would suggest the possibility of the identity of Harigupta, the adviser of Toramana with Harigupta of these coins.}}</ref> | The Kuvayamālā, a jain work composed in 778 CE, mentions Harigupta, linked to the [[Gupta dynasty]], as the mentor of [[Toramana]]. It also notes another of his students, Devagupta, who is referred to as a royal sage ([[Rajarshi]]). Furthermore, copper coins found in the [[Ramnagar, Varanasi|Ramnagar]] area, which was part of the ancient [[Panchala]] region, suggest the presence of a ruler named Maharaja Harigupta, who is believed to have been active around 500 CE. Harigupta, likely a scion of the Gupta imperial family, is believed to have established himself in northern Panchala. The reasons for his potential alliance with the Huna invaders are not fully explained by the available historical sources.<ref>{{Cite book |last=S. R. Goyal |url=https://archive.org/details/goyal-1967_202412 |title=A history of the Imperial Guptas. With a Foreword by R. C. Majumdar. |date=1967 |pages=339–340 |quote=According to Altekar, the find-spot of these coins would suggest the possibility of the identity of Harigupta, the adviser of Toramana with Harigupta of these coins.}}</ref> | ||
== Legacy == | |||
[[File:Kura inscription of Toramana.jpg|thumb|center|upright=1.5|{{center|The Kura inscription of Toramana. Starting "In the prosperous reign of the King of Kings, the Great King Toramana Shahi [[Jauhkha]]...".<ref>{{cite book |last1=Balogh |first1=Dániel |title=Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History |date=12 March 2020 |publisher=Barkhuis |isbn=978-94-93194-01-4 |pages=326–327 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=frnVDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA327 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Burgess |first1=James |title=Epigraphia Indica Vol.1 |date=1898 |pages=238–241 |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.56636/page/n273/mode/2up}}</ref> "Toramana" ([[File:Toramana in the Kura inscription of Toramana (1st line).jpg|40px]] [[Gupta script]]: [[File:Gupta allahabad to.jpg|9px]][[File:Gupta_allahabad_r.svg|9px]][[File:Gupta allahabad maa2.jpg|9px]][[File:Gupta allahabad nn.svg|9px]] ''Toramāṇa'', appears in the 1st line of the inscription.]]}} | |||
The first battle of Eran, fought under the banner of the [[Garuda|Imperial Eagle]], marked a substantial defeat. During the early phase of his campaign, [[Toramana]] adopted the title [[Maharajadhiraja]], as recorded in the [[Eran boar inscription of Toramana|Eran Stone Boar Inscription]] superseding his earlier title [[Rajadhiraja]], mentioned in the [[Khurai|Khura]] Stone Inscription. This elevated title had traditionally been associated with the [[Gupta Empire|Gupta]] emperors, symbolizing Toramana’s assertion of imperial authority.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Bakker |first=Hans T. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uDxTzQEACAAJ |title=The Alkhan: A Hunnic People in South Asia |date=2020-03-12 |publisher=Barkhuis |isbn=978-94-93194-00-7 |page=76 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
{{multiple image | |||
| align = left | |||
| direction = vertical | |||
| header = | |||
| width = 175 | |||
| image1 = Location of the Eran boar inscription of Toramana.jpg | |||
| caption1 = {{center|The Eran boar, under the neck of which the Toramana inscription can be found (area indicated in red).}} | |||
| image2 = 5th century Varaha boar statue with goddess earth hanging, sages and saints reliefs on its body.jpg | |||
| caption2 = {{center|The Eran Varaha boar statue with ruins in late 19th-century, showing the relief on the boar's body.}} | |||
}} | |||
After these events, the local ruler [[Dhanyaviṣṇu]] was compelled to decide between submitting to [[Toramana]]’s rule or facing death. He chose submission. Although the power of the former empire had waned, a sense of resilience persisted. This resilience was reflected in the completion of a 3.5-meter-high [[Varaha]] statue, a representation of the boar incarnation of [[Vishnu]], which [[Dhanyaviṣṇu]] was allowed to finish.<ref name=":3" /> | |||
[[File:Vishnu temple mandapa at Eran, Madhya Pradesh.jpg|250px|center|{{center|[[Mandapa]] of the Vishnu Temple at Eran}}|thumb]] | |||
The monument reflects [[Dhanyaviṣṇu]]'s devotion to [[Vishnu]], who, according to the [[Mahabharata]], rescued the earth during times of cosmic distress by lifting it on his tusks. [[Toramana]], noted for his favorable stance toward [[Vaishnavism]], may have viewed the statue’s symbolism as aligning with the moment’s significance circumstances.<ref name=":3" /> | |||