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{{Short description|Soap operas written, produced, and filmed in India, with characters played by Indians}} | {{Short description|Soap operas written, produced, and filmed in India, with characters played by Indians}} | ||
{{Distinguish|Bollywood}} | {{Distinguish|Bollywood}} | ||
{{Multiple issues| | |||
{{Copy edit|for=grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling|date=December 2024}} | {{Copy edit|for=grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling|date=December 2024}} | ||
{{More citations needed|date=April 2025}} | |||
{{Original research|date=April 2025}} | |||
{{Cleanup reorganize|date=April 2025}} | |||
}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}} | {{Use Indian English|date=November 2022}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2014}} | ||
Indian television dramas are produced in nearly all major languages spoken in India, often blending the local language with English. These shows are also broadcast in various parts of [[South Asia]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[North America|North]] and [[Latin America]], and parts of Africa.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |title=BBC - Culture - Indian soap operas : Family affairs |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140502-family-affair-indian-soap-operas |work=BBC Culture}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2013 |title=India Marginalized in Myanmar |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/magazine-guest-column/india-marginalized-in-myanmar.html}}</ref> | '''Indian television dramas''', often called '''Indian series''' or '''serials''', are scripted [[Television show|television programs]] made in [[India]], featuring Indian actors. These dramas are broadcast on Indian television networks.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2023 |title=Indian TV Serial or Korean Drama: What Does an Indian Viewer Prefer? |url=https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124033218/https://m.sakshipost.com/news/ott/indian-tv-serial-or-korean-drama-what-does-indian-viewer-prefer-186371 |archive-date=24 January 2024 |website=Sakshipost}}</ref><ref>Pak-Hind Ka Swag, Book 5 "Culture, Technology and fun", chapter 16 "soap opera, Serials and Films"</ref> | ||
India's first television drama, ''[[Hum Log (TV series)|Hum Log]]'' ([[Hindi language|Hindi]]), aired from 1984 to 1985 and had 154 episodes.<ref>{{cite news |date=21 August 1985 |title=SOAP OPERAS CAST A SPELL OVER INDIA |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/08/21/movies/soap-operas-cast-a-spell-over-india.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> [[Ekta Kapoor]]'s ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'' (2000–2008) became the first Indian TV drama to surpass 1,000 episodes, with a total of 1,833 episodes, entering the [[Limca Book of Records]].<ref>[https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/deep-focus/Saas-bahu-and-The-End/articleshow/3641504.cms Saas Bahu and the End]</ref> The [[Marathi language|Marathi]] series ''[[Char Divas Sasuche]]'' (2001–2013) reached 3,200 episodes, becoming the first Indian series to exceed 3,000 episodes, also entering the Limca Book of Records. The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] series ''[[Abhishekam (TV series)|Abhishekam]]'' (2008–2022) was the first Indian show to reach 4,000 episodes, ending on 1 February 2022. The Hindi series Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai (2009–present), with over 4,700 episodes as of 2025, is India's longest-running Hindi TV drama and [[soap opera]], airing for 16 years.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shekhar |first=G. C. |date=6 September 2018 |title=More Spellbinding Soap Gathas |url=https://www.outlookindia.com/magazine/story/more-spellbinding-soap-gathas/300602 |access-date=9 September 2019 |work=Outlook}}</ref> | |||
Indian television dramas are produced in nearly all major languages spoken in India, often blending the local language with English. These shows are also broadcast in various parts of [[South Asia]], the [[Caribbean]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Central Asia]], [[Europe]], the [[Middle East]], [[North America|North]] and [[Latin America]], and parts of Africa.<ref>{{cite web |first=Geeta |last=Pandey |title=BBC - Culture - Indian soap operas : Family affairs |url=http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/20140502-family-affair-indian-soap-operas |work=BBC Culture|date=21 October 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=20 July 2013 |title=India Marginalized in Myanmar |url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/magazine-guest-column/india-marginalized-in-myanmar.html}}</ref> | |||
==Evolution of Indian Television (1984-2020)== | ==Evolution of Indian Television (1984-2020)== | ||
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** ''[[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]]''. | ** ''[[Nadhaswaram (TV series)|Nadhaswaram]]''. | ||
* 2013:''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]'' which was produced by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] inspired on [[Saraswatichandra (novel)|Saraswatichandra]] by [[Govardhanram Tripathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|title=Saraswatichandra not a love story|website=Live Mint|date=30 March 2013 |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328112036/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> | * 2013:''[[Saraswatichandra (TV series)|Saraswatichandra]]'' which was produced by [[Sanjay Leela Bhansali]] inspired on [[Saraswatichandra (novel)|Saraswatichandra]] by [[Govardhanram Tripathi]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|title=Saraswatichandra not a love story|website=Live Mint|date=30 March 2013 |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328112036/https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/JLEYRaHV7KJgbDyUTWarKJ/Saraswatichandra--Not-a-love-story.html|archive-date=28 March 2020}}</ref> | ||
*2014:''[[Yudh (TV series)]]'' is ''[[psychological thriller]]'' & ''[[miniseries]]'' starred [[Amitabh Bachchan]], [[Sarika]], [[Zakir Hussain (actor)|Zakir Hussain]], [[Mona Wasu]], [[Nawazuddin Siddiqui]] and [[Kay Kay Menon]] | |||
* 2016:''[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]]'' which is Musical drama television series of two sisters who are musical singers which puts them in distance,rivalry and misunderstandings. | * 2016:''[[Meri Awaaz Hi Pehchaan Hai]]'' which is Musical drama television series of two sisters who are musical singers which puts them in distance,rivalry and misunderstandings. | ||
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Well-known sitcoms include | Well-known sitcoms include | ||
*[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]] | *[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]] | ||
*Classic shows like ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'', ''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi]]'', ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'', ''[[Uppum Mulakum]]'', and ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'' are still considered among the best in India. | *Classic shows like ''[[Sarabhai vs Sarabhai]]'', ''[[Khichdi (franchise)|Khichdi]]'', ''[[Wagle Ki Duniya – Nayi Peedhi Naye Kissey]]'', ''[[Uppum Mulakum]]'', and ''[[Thatteem Mutteem]]'',''[[Karyam Nissaram (TV series)|Karyam Nissaram ]]'' are still considered among the best in India. | ||
*''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum Paanch]]'' | *''[[Hum Paanch (TV series)|Hum Paanch]]'' | ||
*''Hum Saath Aaat Hain'' | *''Hum Saath Aaat Hain'' | ||
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====Fantasy Series==== | ====Fantasy Series==== | ||
Fantasy shows like ''[[Son Pari]]'', ''[[Arslaan]]'', ''[[Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani]]'', ''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]'', ''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]'', and ''Antariksh – Ek Amar Katha'' were popular in the early 2000s. [[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga | Fantasy shows like ''[[Son Pari]]'', ''[[Arslaan]]'', ''[[Savitri – Ek Prem Kahani]]'', ''[[Shaka Laka Boom Boom]]'', ''[[Hatim (TV series)|Hatim]]'', and ''Antariksh – Ek Amar Katha'' were popular in the early 2000s. ''[[Aladdin – Naam Toh Suna Hoga]]'' aired on [[Sony SAB]] from 2018 to 2021. | ||
====Flight Attendant and Aviation-Related Series==== | ====Flight Attendant and Aviation-Related Series==== | ||
Air Hostess aired on DD National and was produced by Rupesh Gohil. [[Airlines (Indian TV series)|''Airlines'']], produced by [[Miditech]], featured [[Tulip Joshi]] and VJ Yudhishtir in lead roles. Other aviation-related series include [[Saara Akaash | Air Hostess aired on DD National and was produced by Rupesh Gohil. [[Airlines (Indian TV series)|''Airlines'']], produced by [[Miditech]], featured [[Tulip Joshi]] and VJ Yudhishtir in lead roles. Other aviation-related series include ''[[Saara Akaash]]'' and ''[[Chhoona Hai Aasmaan]]'', centered on the air force.<ref>{{Cite web |title= Air alert|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/tv/air-alert/articleshow/15725152.cms|website=umbaimirror.indiatimes.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Tulip-Joshi-returns-to-TV-with-Airlines-Har-Udaan-Ek-Toofan/articleshow/40669453.cms|title=Tulip Joshi returns to TV with Airlines - Har Udaan Ek Toofan|last=|first=|date=22 August 2014|website=The Times of India|access-date=}}</ref> | ||
====Historical Series==== | ====Historical Series==== | ||
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====Science Fiction Series==== | ====Science Fiction Series==== | ||
[[Captain Vyom | ''[[Captain Vyom]]'', an Indian science fiction series, was popular in the late 1990s. | ||
====Social Dramas==== | ====Social Dramas==== | ||
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*''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)]]'' | *''[[Viraasat (2006 TV series)]]'' | ||
====Superhero Shows==== | ====Superhero Shows==== | ||
Superhero shows like ''[[Shaktimaan]]'' and [[Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha | Superhero shows like ''[[Shaktimaan]]'' and ''[[Aryamaan – Brahmaand Ka Yodha]]'' gained popularity in the late 1990s and early 2000s. | ||
====Teen series==== | ====Teen series==== | ||
*''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]]'',''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)]]''[''(season 1 and season2)''] | *''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal]]]'',''[[Kana Kaanum Kaalangal (2022 TV series)]]''[''(season 1 and season2)''] | ||
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==From 2012 Media overload phase== | ==From 2012 Media overload phase== | ||
*From 2017 (K dramas) korean dramas are popular now till 2024 | *From 2017 (K dramas) korean dramas are popular now till 2024 | ||
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*2008 :''[[Ardhangini – Ek Khoobsurat Jeevan Saathi]]'' a serial that aired on Zee TV from 29 October 2007 to 20 March 2008 based on traditional Bengali family which was different story and did well but there was misinformation fake news and assumed opinion that it was remake version of Blockbuster ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)]]'' film and negative review was made on the serial . That misconception affected the serial and soon ended on 20 March 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2008/ajay-krish-interview-120308.html|title="Ardhangini suffered from comparison with Devdas" - Ajay Krish|last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=Filmibeat}}</ref> | *2008 :''[[Ardhangini – Ek Khoobsurat Jeevan Saathi]]'' a serial that aired on Zee TV from 29 October 2007 to 20 March 2008 based on traditional Bengali family which was different story and did well but there was misinformation fake news and assumed opinion that it was remake version of Blockbuster ''[[Devdas (2002 Hindi film)]]'' film and negative review was made on the serial . That misconception affected the serial and soon ended on 20 March 2008.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.filmibeat.com/television/news/2008/ajay-krish-interview-120308.html|title="Ardhangini suffered from comparison with Devdas" - Ajay Krish|last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=Filmibeat}}</ref> | ||
*2020:''[[Patiala Babes]]'', ''[[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]]'', ''[[Run (Indian TV series)|Run]]'', ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]'', ''[[Beyhadh 2]]'' due to the COVID-19 pandemic, ''[[Shaadi Mubarak]]'' a good heart warming show suffered due Covid phase.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-rati-pandey-i-just-wished-shaadi-mubarak-had-a-proper-ending-rather-than-an-abrupt-one/articleshow/82877596.cms|title="Rati Pandey-I wish to have proper ending rather than abrupt" |last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=timesofindia.indiatimes}}</ref> | *2020:''[[Patiala Babes]]'', ''[[Azhagu (TV series)|Azhagu]]'', ''[[Run (Indian TV series)|Run]]'', ''[[Ishaaron Ishaaron Mein]]'', ''[[Beyhadh 2]]'' due to the COVID-19 pandemic, ''[[Shaadi Mubarak]]'' a good heart warming show suffered due Covid phase.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/exclusive-rati-pandey-i-just-wished-shaadi-mubarak-had-a-proper-ending-rather-than-an-abrupt-one/articleshow/82877596.cms|title="Rati Pandey-I wish to have proper ending rather than abrupt" |last=|first=|date=12 March 2008|website=timesofindia.indiatimes}}</ref> | ||
===COVID-19 pandemic phase=== | ===COVID-19 pandemic phase=== | ||
*During COVID-19 pandemic phase all main Prime channels re aired old serials. | *During COVID-19 pandemic phase all main Prime channels re aired old serials. | ||
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*''[[Roja (2018 TV series)]]'' | *''[[Roja (2018 TV series)]]'' | ||
*''[[Abhiyum Naanum (TV series)]]'' | *''[[Abhiyum Naanum (TV series)]]'' | ||
*''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]'' | |||
*''[[Haasil (Indian TV series)]]'' | |||
*''[[Tere Bin (2016 TV series)]]'' | |||
==Current trend from (2020 to 2024)== | ==Current trend from (2020 to 2024)== | ||
One of the most lovable shows one of the romantic shows during its time and received positive response from the audience | One of the most lovable shows one of the romantic shows during its time and received positive response from the audience | ||
*''[[Na Umra Ki Seema Ho]]'' | *''[[Na Umra Ki Seema Ho]]'' | ||
*[[Ishk Par Zor Nahi]] | |||
*[[Katha Ankahee]] | |||
*''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]'' | *''[[Dil Sambhal Jaa Zara]]'' | ||
* ''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]'' | * ''[[Woh Toh Hai Albelaa]]'' | ||
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*''[[Bhagya Lakshmi]]'' | *''[[Bhagya Lakshmi]]'' | ||
*''[[Kundali Bhagya]]'' | *''[[Kundali Bhagya]]'' | ||
==Top 10 Most Popular Indian Hindi TV Serials of 2020 by Highest BARC (TRP) Rating:== | |||
*''[[Anupamaa]]'' | |||
*''[[Kundali Bhagya]]'' | |||
*''[[Kumkum Bhagya]]'' | |||
*''[[Ghum Hai Kisikey Pyaar Meiin]]'' | |||
*''[[Barrister Babu]]'' | |||
*''[[Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai]]'' | |||
*''[[Naagin (2015 TV series)|Naagin-5]] | |||
*''[[Choti Sarrdaarni]]'' | |||
*''[[Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah]]'' | |||
*''[[Imlie]] | |||
===Shows based on Women protagonist centric or Female lead having Strong Role=== | ===Shows based on Women protagonist centric or Female lead having Strong Role=== | ||
*From 90s days ''[[Tara (TV series)]]'' had strong female lead,Then in 2002-2010 few soaps had the content of strong female lead like'' [[Thodi Si Zameen Thoda Sa Aasmaan]]'',''[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny]]'',''[[Sujata (TV series)|Sujata]]'' but since teens tele-soaps and youth related soaps were high so these shows ran for short period of time. | *From 90s days ''[[Tara (TV series)]]'' had strong female lead,Then in 2002-2010 few soaps had the content of strong female lead like'' [[Thodi Si Zameen Thoda Sa Aasmaan]]'',''[[Karishma – The Miracles Of Destiny]]'',''[[Sujata (TV series)|Sujata]]'' but since teens tele-soaps and youth related soaps were high so these shows ran for short period of time. | ||
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*2002:For first time ''Hindi Film'' was shown in episodic format In 2002, [[StarPlus]] aired a period drama miniseries titled Asoka, based on the 2001 film of the same name. The series had a limited run of five episodes | *2002:For first time ''Hindi Film'' was shown in episodic format In 2002, [[StarPlus]] aired a period drama miniseries titled Asoka, based on the 2001 film of the same name. The series had a limited run of five episodes | ||
*2020:''[[Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain]]'',''[[Baarish (web series)]]'',''[[Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat]]'' web series as substitute to shows which was affected from broadcast during [[COVID-19 pandemic]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2020/03/coronavirusoutbreak-zee-tv-replaces-kumkum-bhagya-and-kundali-bhagya-with-three-altbalaji-shows|title=Three alt balaji shows |website=best mediainfo|language=en-EN|access-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> | *2020:''[[Kehne Ko Humsafar Hain]]'',''[[Baarish (web series)]]'',''[[Karrle Tu Bhi Mohabbat]]'' web series as substitute to shows which was affected from broadcast during [[COVID-19 pandemic]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bestmediainfo.com/2020/03/coronavirusoutbreak-zee-tv-replaces-kumkum-bhagya-and-kundali-bhagya-with-three-altbalaji-shows|title=Three alt balaji shows |website=best mediainfo|language=en-EN|access-date=2009-03-26}}</ref> | ||
*2024:Sony TV re aired SonyLIV OTT web series legal drama [[Raisinghani vs Raisinghani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/sony-tv-uk-to-air-sonyliv-show-raisinghani-v-s-raisinghani/|title=Sony TV to air SonyLIV show | *2024:Sony TV re aired SonyLIV OTT web series legal drama [[Raisinghani vs Raisinghani]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizasialive.com/sony-tv-uk-to-air-sonyliv-show-raisinghani-v-s-raisinghani/|title=Sony TV to air SonyLIV show 'Raisinghani vs Raisinghani'|website=bizasialive|date=10 August 2024 |language=en-EN|access-date=2024-08-10}}</ref> | ||
===Suggestions=== | ===Suggestions=== | ||
* Past Soap-esque play/Theatre plays which brings different content and restricted to few audiences has to be introduced in OTT and TV For example well known plays that hit the entertainment sections in newspapers | * Past Soap-esque play/Theatre plays which brings different content and restricted to few audiences has to be introduced in OTT and TV For example well known plays that hit the entertainment sections in newspapers | ||
**''Jaise Kitabon Mein Mile''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/art-theatre/rewind-replay/articleshow/15951145.cms|title=Rewind & replay |website=Mumbai mirror|language=en-EN|access-date=2009-09-01}}</ref>Main lead:Darshan Dave,[[Payal Nair]] | **''Jaise Kitabon Mein Mile''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/art-theatre/rewind-replay/articleshow/15951145.cms|title=Rewind & replay |website=Mumbai mirror|language=en-EN|access-date=2009-09-01}}</ref>Main lead:Darshan Dave,[[Payal Nair]] | ||
**Dil Abhi Bhara Nahin<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/hindi/dil-abhi-bhara-nahin-hindi-play-preview.asp#|title=Dil Abhi Bhara Nahin |website=Mumbai theatre guide|language=en-EN|access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref>''Main lead:[[Neha Mehta]].'' | **Dil Abhi Bhara Nahin<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mumbaitheatreguide.com/dramas/hindi/dil-abhi-bhara-nahin-hindi-play-preview.asp#|title=Dil Abhi Bhara Nahin |website=Mumbai theatre guide|date=11 September 2023 |language=en-EN|access-date=2023-09-15}}</ref>''Main lead:[[Neha Mehta]].'' | ||
==Web impact== | ==Web impact== | ||
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* Few viewers stress their opinion to modify or reconstruct tele serial in different way. | * Few viewers stress their opinion to modify or reconstruct tele serial in different way. | ||
*Few viewers critics has disappointment and criticism over the content of serials. | *Few viewers critics has disappointment and criticism over the content of serials. | ||
==Television rating point and rankings== | |||
After 2000's Indian television serials are based on [[Television Rating Point|Target rating point]] as an indicator and benchmark that signifies a TV programme's success & measures people's interests/viewership .<ref>{{cite web |title=Most watched shows of the week The latest TRP rankings revealed "Anupamaa" continued to dominate the top spot|work=The Times of India |date=August 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/most-watched-tv-shows-of-week-anupamaa-maintains-top-spot-kanwar-dhillon-neha-harsoras-udne-ki-aasha-surpasses-ghum-hai-kisikey-pyaar-meiin-and-yeh-rishta/articleshow/112202697.cms}}</ref> Story line changes based on TRP and sometimes most of the serials have to wrap up soon with quick end due to decrease in the level of TRP's.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jeete Hain Jiske Liye taken off air|work=The Times of India |date=16 August 2007 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/why-smita-bansal-feels-cheated/articleshow/2283206.cms}}</ref> | After 2000's Indian television serials are based on [[Television Rating Point|Target rating point]] as an indicator and benchmark that signifies a TV programme's success & measures people's interests/viewership .<ref>{{cite web |title=Most watched shows of the week The latest TRP rankings revealed "Anupamaa" continued to dominate the top spot|work=The Times of India |date=August 2024 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/most-watched-tv-shows-of-week-anupamaa-maintains-top-spot-kanwar-dhillon-neha-harsoras-udne-ki-aasha-surpasses-ghum-hai-kisikey-pyaar-meiin-and-yeh-rishta/articleshow/112202697.cms}}</ref> Story line changes based on TRP and sometimes most of the serials have to wrap up soon with quick end due to decrease in the level of TRP's.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jeete Hain Jiske Liye taken off air|work=The Times of India |date=16 August 2007 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/why-smita-bansal-feels-cheated/articleshow/2283206.cms}}</ref> | ||
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===Nepal=== | ===Nepal=== | ||
In the mid-2000s, Indian dramas such as ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'', [[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]] and ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagi Kay]]'' gained massive popularity in Nepal, attracting large audiences.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=Indian serials drawing big crowds in Nepal |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/south-asia/indian-serials-drawing-big-crowds-in-nepal_76213.html |publisher=zeenews.india.com}}</ref> This surge in popularity led to the production of more Nepali serials, such as ''Sindur'', ''Maiti'', and ''Ghat Pratighat'', which were created to cater to the growing viewership.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 August 2023 |title=After 17 years, Pragya is making teleserial ''Sindoor'' again. |url=https://www.newsofglobal.com/details/7444.html |publisher=newsofglobal.com}}</ref> | In the mid-2000s, Indian dramas such as ''[[Kyunki Saas Bhi Kabhi Bahu Thi]]'', [[Kahaani Ghar Ghar Kii]] and ''[[Kasautii Zindagii Kay (2001 TV series)|Kasautii Zindagi Kay]]'' gained massive popularity in Nepal, attracting large audiences.<ref>{{cite news |date=17 January 2003 |title=Indian serials drawing big crowds in Nepal |url=https://zeenews.india.com/news/south-asia/indian-serials-drawing-big-crowds-in-nepal_76213.html |publisher=zeenews.india.com}}</ref> This surge in popularity led to the production of more Nepali serials, such as ''Sindur'', ''Maiti'', and ''Ghat Pratighat'', which were created to cater to the growing viewership.<ref>{{cite news |date=1 August 2023 |title=After 17 years, Pragya is making teleserial ''Sindoor'' again. |url=https://www.newsofglobal.com/details/7444.html |publisher=newsofglobal.com}}</ref> | ||
===Pakistan=== | ===Pakistan=== | ||