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=== Military dictatorship (1977–1988) === | |||
[[File:George Crile.jpg|right|thumb|[[George Crile III|Crile]] and [[Charlie Wilson (Texas politician)|Charlie Wilson]] meeting with ''ISI'' officers in the 1980s.]] | |||
In 1979, following the [[Grand Mosque Seizure]], a group of Pakistani students set fire to the American embassy in [[Islamabad]], resulting in its complete destruction and the deaths of two Americans, as they protested against perceived U.S. involvement. | |||
After the ousting and subsequent execution of Bhutto, Pakistan's relationship with the United States began to improve. On 24 December 1979{{refn|name=Calendar|group=a|21, Pauṣa, Śukla Ṣaṣṭhī 2036 Vikrama saṁvat , 03 Pauṣa 1901 Indian National Calendar}}, the Soviet 40th Army invaded Afghanistan, prompting President Carter to announce his doctrine (known as the Carter Doctrine). This doctrine included the establishment of a Rapid Deployment Force (RDF), an increase in the deployment of United States Naval Forces Central Command (NAVCENT), and a collective security framework for the region. It also committed the U.S. to defend Pakistan through the transfer of substantial military aid and financial support. | |||
In the aftermath of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the ISI and CIA launched Operation Cyclone, a multibillion-dollar initiative aimed at undermining the communist regime and defeating Soviet forces in Afghanistan. During General Zia-ul-Haq's military rule, relations between Pakistan and the United States reached an all-time high, with the U.S. providing billions of dollars in economic and military assistance to Pakistan. The Soviet invasion in December 1979 underscored the shared interests of both nations in countering the Soviet Union. | |||
In 1981, Pakistan and the U.S. agreed on a military and economic assistance program valued at $3.2 billion, designed to help Pakistan address the increased security threats in the region and its economic development challenges. With U.S. support, Pakistan undertook the largest covert operation in history, supplying arms and resources to anti-Soviet fighters in Afghanistan. | |||
== Space science collaboration == | == Space science collaboration == | ||