Fourteen Points of Jinnah: Difference between revisions

Fourteen Points of Jinnah (edit)

Revision as of 19:44, 16 September 2024

803 bytes added , 16 September 2024

Do not change it because I've made more effective and straightforward.

Adarshatva

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 [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] left for England in May 1928 and returned after six months. In March 1929, the Muslim League session was held in [[Delhi]] under the presidency of Jinnah. In his address to his delegates, he consolidated Muslim viewpoints under fourteen items and these fourteen points became Jinnah's 14 points and the manifesto of the All India Muslim League.<ref name="google1"/><ref name="google2">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YGdiqF6V8wYC&q=Fourteen+Points+of+Jinnah&pg=PA58 |title=Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity: The Search for Saladin – Akbar S. Ahmed – Google Books |date=28 December 1928 |isbn=9780415149662 |access-date=19 February 2013|last1=Ahmed |first1=Akbar S. |publisher=Psychology Press }}</ref>
-==The Fourteen Points==
+==The Fourteen Points== <ref> https://web.archive.org/web/20240915204537/https://books.google.co.in/books?id=-Ll5eFliFfIC&lpg=PA61&vq=Fourteen%20Points%20of%20Jinnah&pg=PA54&output=embed </ref>
 # The form of the future constitution should be federal, with the residuary powers vested in the provinces.
 # A uniform measure of autonomy shall be granted to all provinces.
 # All legislatures in the country and other elected bodies shall be constituted on the definite principle of adequate and effective representation of minorities in every province without reducing the majority in any province to a minority of even equity.
-# In the Central Legislature council, Muslim representation shall not be less than one-third
+# In the Central Legislature council, Muslim representation shall not be less than one-third. Jinnah wanted one-third Muslim membership of the Central legislative but was not committed to the concept at provincial level.
 # Representation of communal groups shall continue to be by separate electorates: provided that it shall be open to any community, at any time, to abandon its separate electorate in favour of a joint electorate.
 # Any territorial distribution that might at any time be necessary shall not in any way affect the Muslim majority in [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[Bengal Presidency|Bengal]], and [[North-West Frontier Province|NWFP]] provinces.
-# Full religious liberty, including belief, worship, observance, propaganda, association, and education, should be guaranteed to all communities.
+# Full religious liberty, including belief, worship, observance, propaganda, association, and education, should be guaranteed to all communities.{{efn|This point was for Muslims residing in Hindu-majority provinces, particularly U.P.}}
 # One-third representation shall be given to Muslims in both central and provincial cabinets.
-# No bill or resolution shall be passed in any legislature if three-fourths of the members of any community in that body oppose the bill.
+# No bill or resolution shall be passed in any legislature if three-fourths of the members of any community in that body oppose the bill. {{efn|Jinnah tabled this point because he recognised the communal veto as advantageous to Muslim community.}}
-# [[Sindh]]  should be separated from Bombay to a province.
+# [[Sindh]]  should be separated from the Bombay presidency.
-# Reforms should be introduced in the [[North-West Frontier Province|NWFP]] and [[Balochistan (British India)|Balochistan]] on the same footings as in the other provinces.
+# Reforms should be introduced in the [[North-West Frontier Province|NWFP]] and [[Balochistan (British India)|Balochistan]] on the same footings as in the other provinces.{{efn|Jinnah wanted to use the Hindu minority of these Muslims-majority provinces as Hostages against any bill that harms the Muslim minority of Hindu-majority Provinces.}}
-# Muslims should be given an adequate share in all services, having due regard to the requirement of efficiency.
+# Muslims should be given an “adequate” share in all services, having due regard to the requirement of efficiency.
-#The Constitution should embody adequate safeguards for the protection of [[Muslim culture]], education, language, religion, and personal laws, as well as for Muslim charitable institutions.
+#The Constitution should embody ‘adequate safeguards for the protection of Muslim religion, culture and personal law and the promotion of Muslim education, language, religion, personal laws, Muslim charitable institutions, and for their due share in grants in aid given by the State and by self-governing bodies.’
 # No change will be made in the constitution without the consent of the province.