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Sometime after leaving home, he took vow of Brahmacharya (initiation into celibacy) from [[Brahmananda Saraswati|Swami Brahmananda Saraswati]]. After initiation, he was renamed Harihar Chaitanya and went to study in a gurukul in Narwar, [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandshahr]]. | Sometime after leaving home, he took vow of Brahmacharya (initiation into celibacy) from [[Brahmananda Saraswati|Swami Brahmananda Saraswati]]. After initiation, he was renamed Harihar Chaitanya and went to study in a gurukul in Narwar, [[Bulandshahr district|Bulandshahr]]. | ||
He stayed there for two years studying [[Vyākaraṇa|Vyakarana]], [[Vedanta]] and [[Astika|6 Darshanas]] (six schools of Hindu Philosophy) among other things. In 1927, he left the Gurukula and walking along the Ganga river, reached Uttarakhand where he spent the next three years in solitude that ended with him attaining Atmagyana or self-realisation. | He stayed there for two years studying [[Vyākaraṇa|Vyakarana]], [[Vedanta]] and [[Astika|6 Darshanas]] (six schools of Hindu Philosophy) among other things. In 1927, he left the Gurukula and walking along the Ganga river, reached Uttarakhand where he spent the next three years in solitude that ended with him attaining Atmagyana or self-realisation.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Kumar |first=Pramod |date=April 30, 2019 |title=Swami Karpatri Ji: The forgotten Dharma SamarAt |url=https://pragyata.com/swami-karpatri-ji-the-forgotten-dharma-samarat/#:~:text=In%20January%201947%2C%20KarpAtri%20ji,the%20message%20of%20Dharma%20Yuddha. |website=Pragyata}}</ref> | ||
He returned to his gurukul where he was welcomed as a Paramhansa (one who has self-realisation). It was during this period that he got his most popular name “Karpatri” as he used to receive alm of food in his cupped hands resembling a bowl. (''Kar''-hands, ''Patra''-bowl, hence ''Karpatri'' literally means a man who receives alm in his cupped hands). | He returned to his gurukul where he was welcomed as a Paramhansa (one who has self-realisation). It was during this period that he got his most popular name “Karpatri” as he used to receive alm of food in his cupped hands resembling a bowl. (''Kar''-hands, ''Patra''-bowl, hence ''Karpatri'' literally means a man who receives alm in his cupped hands).<ref name=":0" /> | ||
Sometime during 1931–32, at the age of 24, he formally accepted the Danda from the hands Swami Brahmananda Saraswati near Durga Kund, Varanasi. He was given Sanyasa Deeksha (initiation into monkhood) name of Swami Hariharananda Saraswati. | Sometime during 1931–32, at the age of 24, he formally accepted the Danda from the hands Swami Brahmananda Saraswati near Durga Kund, Varanasi. He was given Sanyasa Deeksha (initiation into monkhood) name of Swami Hariharananda Saraswati.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
==Dharm Sangh== | ==Dharm Sangh== | ||
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'''''Adharma ka Nash Ho''''' | '''''Adharma ka Nash Ho''''' | ||
May [[Adharma]] Perish! | May [[Adharma]] Perish! <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagran.com/uttar-pradesh/pratapgarh-karpatri-maharaj-gave-the-victory-of-religion-the-mantra-for-the-destruction-of-unrighteousness-21912269.html|title = करपात्री महाराज ने दिया धर्म की जय, अधर्म के नाश का मंत्र}}</ref>}} | ||
Dharm Sangh under leadership of Swami Karpatri helped the [[Noakhali]] victims of 1946 riots and provided them land, food and financial aid. | Dharm Sangh under leadership of Swami Karpatri helped the [[Noakhali]] victims of 1946 riots and provided them land, food and financial aid.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Sri Karpatri Ji Sankshipt Jeevani Vedanti Swami Ji |url=https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi}}</ref>{{cn|date=May 2025}} | ||
He re-converted Hindus who were forcibly made Muslims and gave them initiation under Rama-Nama. | He re-converted Hindus who were forcibly made Muslims and gave them initiation under Rama-Nama.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Ramesh Kutticad|url=https://archive.org/details/abhinav-shankar-smriti-granth-swami-karpatriji-maharaj-poor-scan-vol-1|title=Abhinav Shankar Smriti Granth Swami Karpatriji Maharaj Poor Scan Vol 1}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://pragyata.com/swami-karpatri-ji-the-forgotten-dharma-samarat/ |title = Swami Karpatri Ji: The forgotten Dharma SamarAt|date = 30 April 2019}}</ref> | ||
He and his group was the first one to be jailed in Independent India. Even before Independence, In the year 1947, he started protests and meetings from the month of April. On the night of 14 August 1947, the members of Dharm Sangh were raising the slogans of "Bharat Akhand Ho" (May [[Bharat (term)|Bharat]] be united), All of them were jailed. | He and his group was the first one to be jailed in Independent India. Even before Independence, In the year 1947, he started protests and meetings from the month of April. On the night of 14 August 1947, the members of Dharm Sangh were raising the slogans of "Bharat Akhand Ho" (May [[Bharat (term)|Bharat]] be united), All of them were jailed.<ref name="auto"/>{{cn|date=May 2025}} | ||
==Later life== | ==Later life== | ||
He was a disciple of [[Shankaracharya]] of [[Jyotir Math]] Swami [[Brahmananda Saraswati]]. | He was a disciple of [[Shankaracharya]] of [[Jyotir Math]] Swami [[Brahmananda Saraswati]].<ref>Rama, Swami (1999) Himalayan Institute, Living With the Himalayan Masters, page 247</ref> He spent most of his life at [[Varanasi]]. | ||
[[Nischalananda Saraswati|Swami Nishchalananda Saraswati]], the 145th [[Govardhan Math|Govardhan Peeth]] Shankaracharya of [[Puri]], [[Odisha]], is an eminent disciple of Swami Karpatri. | [[Nischalananda Saraswati|Swami Nishchalananda Saraswati]], the 145th [[Govardhan Math|Govardhan Peeth]] Shankaracharya of [[Puri]], [[Odisha]], is an eminent disciple of Swami Karpatri.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1157865871093592064|user=govardhanmath|title=Dharma Samrat Swami Karpatri Ji Jayanti.Puri Shankaracharya ji's Pravachan on his Guru Maharaj's 112th Jayanti.ध…<!-- full text of tweet that Twitter returned to the bot (excluding links) added by TweetCiteBot. This may be better truncated or may need expanding (TW limits responses to 140 characters) or case changes. --> |access-date=2020-07-23|language=en|date=4 August 2019}}</ref> | ||
He initiated [[Alain Daniélou]], a noted [[Historian|French Historian]] into [[Shaivism|Shaivite Hinduism]] under the name, Shiv Sharan. | He initiated [[Alain Daniélou]], a noted [[Historian|French Historian]] into [[Shaivism|Shaivite Hinduism]] under the name, Shiv Sharan.<ref name="auto3">Swami Karpatri ''The Linga and the great goddess'' Indica bolls, {{ISBN|818656988X}}</ref> | ||
==Politics== | ==Politics== | ||
Other than DharmSangh, In 1948, Swami Karpatri founded the [[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]] (RRP), | Other than DharmSangh, In 1948, Swami Karpatri founded the [[Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad]] (RRP),<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://old.eci.gov.in/files/file/5822-akhil-bhartiya-ramrajya-parishad/ |title=Akhil Bhartiya Ramrajya Parishad - Contribution Reports Year 2009-10 - Election Commission of India |access-date=13 September 2021 |archive-date=13 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913224816/https://eci.gov.in/files/file/5822-akhil-bhartiya-ramrajya-parishad/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A traditionalist [[Hindu politics|Hindu party]]. The RRP won three [[Lok Sabha]] seats in the [[1952 Indian general election|1952 Lok Sabha election]] and two in [[1962 Indian general election|1962]].{{cn|date=May 2025}} He led a movement against the [[Hindu Code Bill]]. He was also a prominent agitator in [[1966 anti-cow slaughter agitation]].<ref>{{cite book|title=The Algebra of Warfare-Welfare: A Long View of India's 2014 Election|page=103|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199097531|author=Irfan Ahmad, Pralay Kanungo|date=24 December 2018}}</ref> On 18 April 1948, he founded the newspaper ''Sanmarg'' which promoted Sanatana Dharma and also advocated against the Hindu Code Bill and voiced opposition on cow slaughters.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0FSDBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT73 |title=Mahila Patrakarita |publisher=Prabhat Prakashan |year=2012 |isbn=9789350481189 |page=73 |language=Hindi |access-date=14 December 2016}}</ref> | ||
==Death== | ==Death== | ||
[[File:Dharma Samrat Swami Karpatri ji Maharaj.jpg|thumb|Statue of Swami in a temple.]] | [[File:Dharma Samrat Swami Karpatri ji Maharaj.jpg|thumb|Statue of Swami in a temple.]] | ||
On the day of his demise in the year 1982 (Magh Shukla Chaturdashi), he asked his disciples to sing the "Ayodhya Tyaga" story of [[Ramayana]] for him; he himself did the recitation of [[Sri Sukta]] and at the end by keeping the idol of [[Krishna]] on his chest, he died by reciting "Shiva Shiva Shiva" thrice. | On the day of his demise in the year 1982 (Magh Shukla Chaturdashi), he asked his disciples to sing the "Ayodhya Tyaga" story of [[Ramayana]] for him; he himself did the recitation of [[Sri Sukta]] and at the end by keeping the idol of [[Krishna]] on his chest, he died by reciting "Shiva Shiva Shiva" thrice.<ref name="auto"/>{{cn|date=May 2025}} | ||
==Debates== | ==Debates== | ||
Swami Karpatri adhered to a strict no-compromise policy regarding Hindu laws and the [[Shastras]]. He was popularly referred to as "Dharmasamrat" | Swami Karpatri adhered to a strict no-compromise policy regarding Hindu laws and the [[Shastras]]. He was popularly referred to as "Dharmasamrat"<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1424895394081771540|user=govardhanmath|title=#गौ_रक्षा_दिवससर्वभूतहृदय धर्मसम्राट स्वामी श्रीकरपात्रीजी की अद्भुत देन|date=10 August 2021}}</ref> (English: "Emperor of Dharma") by the masses. | ||
In 1932, in his late 20s, he debated with [[Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya]] on the topic of "Pranava" (ॐ). Malaviya ji accepted his defeat. | In 1932, in his late 20s, he debated with [[Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya]] on the topic of "Pranava" (ॐ). Malaviya ji accepted his defeat.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vedanti Swami Ji |title=Sri Karpatri Ji Sankshipt Jeevani Vedanti Swami Ji |url=https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi/page/n6/mode/1up |publisher=Shri Dharmasangh Prakashan |language=hi}}</ref> | ||
In 1964, a debate was held between traditional [[Sanatani]] scholars and members of the [[Arya Samaj]]. Although Swami Karpatri initially participated only as a spectator, he later joined the discussion, engaging directly with Yudhisthir Mimansak. | In 1964, a debate was held between traditional [[Sanatani]] scholars and members of the [[Arya Samaj]]. Although Swami Karpatri initially participated only as a spectator, he later joined the discussion, engaging directly with Yudhisthir Mimansak.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vedanti Swami Ji |title=Sri Karpatri Ji Sankshipt Jeevani Vedanti Swami Ji |url=https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi/page/n11/mode/1up |publisher=Shri Dharmasangh Prakashan |language=hi}}</ref> | ||
In 1965, Swami Karpatri engaged in a significant debate with Sri Vidyamanya Tirtha, a sanyasi of the [[Madhva Sampradaya]], who had publicly challenged scholars to defend the doctrine of [[Advaita Vedanta]]. Swami Karpatri accepted the challenge, and the debate lasted for two days. | In 1965, Swami Karpatri engaged in a significant debate with Sri Vidyamanya Tirtha, a sanyasi of the [[Madhva Sampradaya]], who had publicly challenged scholars to defend the doctrine of [[Advaita Vedanta]]. Swami Karpatri accepted the challenge, and the debate lasted for two days.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vedanti Swami Ji |title=Sri Karpatri Ji Sankshipt Jeevani Vedanti Swami Ji |url=https://archive.org/details/SriKarpatriJiSankshiptJeevaniVedantiSwamiJi/page/n13/mode/1up |publisher=Shri Dharmasangh Prakashan |language=hi}}</ref> Vidyamanya Tirtha posed numerous incisive questions, prompting Swami Karpatri to respond using logical interpretations of Vedanta. According to available accounts, Swami Karpatri was considered the victor of the debate because Vidyamanya Tirtha himself deviated from his own parampara theories during the debate.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Swami Karpatri vs Swami Vidyamanyatirtha 1965 |url=https://archive.org/details/karpatrijidebate1965 |publisher=Internet Archive |language=hi}}</ref> | ||
==Books== | ==Books== | ||
'''Marxwad Aur Ramrajya''': Criticism of Modern Ideologies such as Marxism, Socialism, Utilitarianism, Liberalism, Progressivism, | '''Marxwad Aur Ramrajya''': Criticism of Modern Ideologies such as Marxism, Socialism, Utilitarianism, Liberalism, Progressivism, | ||
Democratism, Feminism etc. | Democratism, Feminism etc.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/MarkswadOrRamrajya|title = मार्क्सवाद और रामराज्य markswad or ramrajya}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://gitapressbookshop.in/0698-%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0-%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF-marksvad-aur-ramrajya- |title = मार्क्सवाद और रामराज्य (Marksvad Aur Ramrajya)}}</ref> | ||
'''Vichar Piyush''': A Summary of Swami Karpatri's Thoughts. | '''Vichar Piyush''': A Summary of Swami Karpatri's Thoughts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/VicharPiyush305to308512to519miss|title=Vichar Piyush ( 305to 308 512to 519miss)|date=5 April 2018}}</ref> | ||
'''Bhakti Sudha''': An anthology of various articles written by Swami Karpatri on importance of Bhakti. | '''Bhakti Sudha''': An anthology of various articles written by Swami Karpatri on importance of Bhakti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/bhaktisudha_201611|title = Bhakti Sudha - Sri Karpatri Swami}}</ref> | ||
'''Bhagwat Sudha''': Explaining the Essence of Srimad Bhagvat Puran. | '''Bhagwat Sudha''': Explaining the Essence of Srimad Bhagvat Puran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/bhagavatasudha|title=Bhagavata Sudha - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> | ||
'''Sri Radha Sudha''': A record of Swami Karpatri's speeches on Radha Sudha Nidhi. | '''Sri Radha Sudha''': A record of Swami Karpatri's speeches on Radha Sudha Nidhi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/radhasudha|title = Radha Sudha - Sri Karpatri Swami}}</ref> | ||
'''Bhakti Rasarnava''': A Unique work on Bhakti. | '''Bhakti Rasarnava''': A Unique work on Bhakti.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/bhaktirasarnava|title = Bhaktirasarnava - Sri Karpatri Swami}}</ref> | ||
'''Pibata Bhagvata Rasamalaya''': A Book dealing with Rasa of Srimad Bhagvata Purana. | '''Pibata Bhagvata Rasamalaya''': A Book dealing with Rasa of Srimad Bhagvata Purana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/PibataBhagavataRasamalayaKarapatrijiMaharaj_201802|title=Pibata Bhagavata Rasamalaya Karapatriji Maharaj|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> | ||
'''Kaal Mimansa''': A work dealing with the chronology in context of the Pauranic and Other Hindu Epic literature. | '''Kaal Mimansa''': A work dealing with the chronology in context of the Pauranic and Other Hindu Epic literature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/KaalMimansa|title=Kala Mimansa - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> | ||
'''Kya Sambhog se Samadhi''': A Simple Refutation of Osho's interpretation of Samadhi. | '''Kya Sambhog se Samadhi''': A Simple Refutation of Osho's interpretation of Samadhi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/KyaSambhogSeSamadhi_201609|title=Kya Sambhog Se Samadhi - Swami Karpatri|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> | ||
'''Capitalism, Socialism and Ramrajya''': Refuting Osho's shallow understanding on these Ideologies. | '''Capitalism, Socialism and Ramrajya''': Refuting Osho's shallow understanding on these Ideologies.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/wg531|title=1960 Around -Punjivad Samajvad Aur Ramrajya|year=1960}}</ref> | ||
'''Ramayana Mimansa''': A Book with systematic analysis of the Hindu Epic Ramayana. | '''Ramayana Mimansa''': A Book with systematic analysis of the Hindu Epic Ramayana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/ramayanmimansa|title=Ramayan Mimansa - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> | ||
'''Ved Ka Swaroop Aur Pramanya''': The epistemological significance and Structure of the Vedas. | '''Ved Ka Swaroop Aur Pramanya''': The epistemological significance and Structure of the Vedas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/vedkaswaroopaurpramanyapart1shriswamikarpatrijimaharaj.|title = Ved Ka Swaroop Aur Pramanya Part 1 Shri Swami Karpatri Ji Maharaj}}</ref> | ||
'''Veda Pramanya Mimansa''': Establishing the supreme authority of Vedas. | '''Veda Pramanya Mimansa''': Establishing the supreme authority of Vedas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/VedaPramanyaMimansa|title = Veda Pramanya Mimansa - Sri Karpatri Swami}}</ref> | ||
'''VedaSwarupVimarsh''': A Short book defining the swarupa of Vedas while refuting the claims of Social Reformers and Modern day Scholars Like Swami Dayanand. | '''VedaSwarupVimarsh''': A Short book defining the swarupa of Vedas while refuting the claims of Social Reformers and Modern day Scholars Like Swami Dayanand.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/VedaSwaroopVimarshaKarpatriji|title=Veda Swaroop Vimarsha - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> | ||
'''Samanvaya Samrajya Samrakshanam''':A work dealing with coordination between various schools of Hinduism. | '''Samanvaya Samrajya Samrakshanam''':A work dealing with coordination between various schools of Hinduism.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/SamanvayaSamrajyaSanrakshanamKarpatriJi|title = Samanvaya Samrajya Samrakshanam - Sri Karpatri Swami}}</ref> | ||
'''Ahamartha aur Parmartha Sara''': A commentary on Patanjali's work "Parmarth Sara" with the refutation of Vishishta Advaita View. | '''Ahamartha aur Parmartha Sara''': A commentary on Patanjali's work "Parmarth Sara" with the refutation of Vishishta Advaita View.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/ahamarthaparamarthasarakarpatriji|title = Ahamartha Aur Paramartha Sara - Sri Karpatri Swami}}</ref> | ||
'''Nastika-Astika Vaad''': A point to point refutation of Nastika Arguments used against Astikas. | '''Nastika-Astika Vaad''': A point to point refutation of Nastika Arguments used against Astikas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/nastikastikvaadkarpatriji|title = Nastika Astika Vada - Sri Karpatri Swami}}</ref> | ||
'''Videsh Yatra Shastriya Paksha''': The Views of Hindu Shastras on Travelling Abroad. | '''Videsh Yatra Shastriya Paksha''': The Views of Hindu Shastras on Travelling Abroad.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/VideshYatra-KarpatriJi|title = Videsh yatra - karpatri ji विदेश यात्रा (करपात्री जी महाराज )}}</ref> | ||
'''Sankirtan Mimansa evam Varnashrama Dharma''': A text Describing the maintenance of Varnashrama Dharma along with Holy Enchanting. | '''Sankirtan Mimansa evam Varnashrama Dharma''': A text Describing the maintenance of Varnashrama Dharma along with Holy Enchanting.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/sankirtanamimansakarpatri|title = Sankirtana Mimansa Evam Varnashrama Maryada - Sri Karpatri Swami}}</ref> | ||
'''Rss aur Hindu Dharma''': Deals with Structural criticism of Sangh-Sponsored Anti-Shastra ideology. | '''Rss aur Hindu Dharma''': Deals with Structural criticism of Sangh-Sponsored Anti-Shastra ideology.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/LaviB|title=Rss और हिन्दू धर्म स्वामी करपात्री जी|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> | ||
'''Gau - Ek Samagra Chintan''': The importance of Cow within Hinduism and Humanity as a whole. | '''Gau - Ek Samagra Chintan''': The importance of Cow within Hinduism and Humanity as a whole.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/GauEkSamagraChintanKarpatriji|title=Gau - Ek Samagra Chintan - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> | ||
'''Vedartha Parijata''': Explaining the True Essence of the Vedas along with Commentary. | '''Vedartha Parijata''': Explaining the True Essence of the Vedas along with Commentary.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/vedarthaparijata|title = Vedartha Parijata - Sri Karpatri Swami (Total 23 Files)}}</ref> | ||
'''Kumbha Tithyadi Nirnaya''': A treatise dealing with the astrological conclusions in context of Tithis and Kumbha Parva. | '''Kumbha Tithyadi Nirnaya''': A treatise dealing with the astrological conclusions in context of Tithis and Kumbha Parva.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/KumbhaTithyadiNirnaya|title = Kumbha Tithyadi Nirnaya - Sri Karpatri Swami}}</ref> | ||
'''Yajurveda Commentary''': Bhashya (Commentary) of Shukla Yajurveda by Swami Karpatri in eight parts. | '''Yajurveda Commentary''': Bhashya (Commentary) of Shukla Yajurveda by Swami Karpatri in eight parts.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya01|title=Yajurveda Bhashya 01 - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya02|title=Yajurveda Bhashya 02 - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya03|title=Yajurveda Bhashya 03 - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya04|title=Yajurveda Bhashya 04 - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya05|title=Yajurveda Bhashya 05 - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya07|title=Yajurveda Bhashya 07 - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/details/yajurvedakarpatrabhashya08|title=Yajurveda Bhashya 08 - Sri Karpatri Swami|via=Internet Archive}}</ref> | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
Latest revision as of 12:29, 22 March 2026
Swami Karpatri | |
|---|---|
 Swami in his ashram in Varanasi. | |
| Founder of Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad | |
| In office 1948 – continued | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Shankaracharya Swaroopanand Saraswati elected as first president |
| Personal | |
| Born | Har Narayan Ojha Template:Birth date text[1] |
| Died | 7 February 1982 (aged 74) |
| Religion | Hinduism |
| Denomination | Dashanami Sampradaya |
| Known for | Hindu revivalism and activism |
| Founder of | Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad |
| Philosophy | Advaita Vedanta |
| Religious career | |
| Teacher | Brahmananda Saraswati |
Swami Karpatri (1907–1982), born as Har Narayan Ojha, was a Hindu saint and revivalist who founded the Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad. He was also a writer and led several pro-Hindu movements, including the cow protection movement. A sannyasi of the Dashanami Sampradaya, he belonged to the Smārta branch of Sanatan Dharma (Hinduism).
Early life and education[edit | edit source]
He was born in a Saryuparin Brahmin family in a small village of Bhatni in Pratapgarh, United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, British India (now modern-day Uttar Pradesh). From early childhood he had no interest in worldly matters and was married to Srimati Mahadevi at the age of 9 in the year 1916.[1] He planned to leave home in order to attain Sannyasa, though his father insisted him to give them a child before leaving. After which a girl child was born to him, after which he left his home at the age of 19.[2]
Sometime after leaving home, he took vow of Brahmacharya (initiation into celibacy) from Swami Brahmananda Saraswati. After initiation, he was renamed Harihar Chaitanya and went to study in a gurukul in Narwar, Bulandshahr.
He stayed there for two years studying Vyakarana, Vedanta and 6 Darshanas (six schools of Hindu Philosophy) among other things. In 1927, he left the Gurukula and walking along the Ganga river, reached Uttarakhand where he spent the next three years in solitude that ended with him attaining Atmagyana or self-realisation.[3]
He returned to his gurukul where he was welcomed as a Paramhansa (one who has self-realisation). It was during this period that he got his most popular name “Karpatri” as he used to receive alm of food in his cupped hands resembling a bowl. (Kar-hands, Patra-bowl, hence Karpatri literally means a man who receives alm in his cupped hands).[3]
Sometime during 1931–32, at the age of 24, he formally accepted the Danda from the hands Swami Brahmananda Saraswati near Durga Kund, Varanasi. He was given Sanyasa Deeksha (initiation into monkhood) name of Swami Hariharananda Saraswati.[3]
Dharm Sangh[edit | edit source]
On the day of Vijayadashmi, He established Dharm Sangh in the year 1940. He travelled through all parts of India and established many branches of Dharm Sangh. The Slogan was:
Dharma ki Jaya Ho
Victory to Dharma!
Adharma ka Nash Ho
Dharm Sangh under leadership of Swami Karpatri helped the Noakhali victims of 1946 riots and provided them land, food and financial aid.[5][citation needed]
He re-converted Hindus who were forcibly made Muslims and gave them initiation under Rama-Nama.[6][7]
He and his group was the first one to be jailed in Independent India. Even before Independence, In the year 1947, he started protests and meetings from the month of April. On the night of 14 August 1947, the members of Dharm Sangh were raising the slogans of "Bharat Akhand Ho" (May Bharat be united), All of them were jailed.[5][citation needed]
Later life[edit | edit source]
He was a disciple of Shankaracharya of Jyotir Math Swami Brahmananda Saraswati.[8] He spent most of his life at Varanasi.
Swami Nishchalananda Saraswati, the 145th Govardhan Peeth Shankaracharya of Puri, Odisha, is an eminent disciple of Swami Karpatri.[9]
He initiated Alain Daniélou, a noted French Historian into Shaivite Hinduism under the name, Shiv Sharan.[10]
Politics[edit | edit source]
Other than DharmSangh, In 1948, Swami Karpatri founded the Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad (RRP),[11] A traditionalist Hindu party. The RRP won three Lok Sabha seats in the 1952 Lok Sabha election and two in 1962.[citation needed] He led a movement against the Hindu Code Bill. He was also a prominent agitator in 1966 anti-cow slaughter agitation.[12] On 18 April 1948, he founded the newspaper Sanmarg which promoted Sanatana Dharma and also advocated against the Hindu Code Bill and voiced opposition on cow slaughters.[13]
Death[edit | edit source]
On the day of his demise in the year 1982 (Magh Shukla Chaturdashi), he asked his disciples to sing the "Ayodhya Tyaga" story of Ramayana for him; he himself did the recitation of Sri Sukta and at the end by keeping the idol of Krishna on his chest, he died by reciting "Shiva Shiva Shiva" thrice.[5][citation needed]
Debates[edit | edit source]
Swami Karpatri adhered to a strict no-compromise policy regarding Hindu laws and the Shastras. He was popularly referred to as "Dharmasamrat"[14] (English: "Emperor of Dharma") by the masses.
In 1932, in his late 20s, he debated with Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya on the topic of "Pranava" (ॐ). Malaviya ji accepted his defeat.[15]
In 1964, a debate was held between traditional Sanatani scholars and members of the Arya Samaj. Although Swami Karpatri initially participated only as a spectator, he later joined the discussion, engaging directly with Yudhisthir Mimansak.[16]
In 1965, Swami Karpatri engaged in a significant debate with Sri Vidyamanya Tirtha, a sanyasi of the Madhva Sampradaya, who had publicly challenged scholars to defend the doctrine of Advaita Vedanta. Swami Karpatri accepted the challenge, and the debate lasted for two days.[17] Vidyamanya Tirtha posed numerous incisive questions, prompting Swami Karpatri to respond using logical interpretations of Vedanta. According to available accounts, Swami Karpatri was considered the victor of the debate because Vidyamanya Tirtha himself deviated from his own parampara theories during the debate.[18]
Books[edit | edit source]
Marxwad Aur Ramrajya: Criticism of Modern Ideologies such as Marxism, Socialism, Utilitarianism, Liberalism, Progressivism, Democratism, Feminism etc.[19][20]
Vichar Piyush: A Summary of Swami Karpatri's Thoughts.[21]
Bhakti Sudha: An anthology of various articles written by Swami Karpatri on importance of Bhakti.[22]
Bhagwat Sudha: Explaining the Essence of Srimad Bhagvat Puran.[23]
Sri Radha Sudha: A record of Swami Karpatri's speeches on Radha Sudha Nidhi.[24]
Bhakti Rasarnava: A Unique work on Bhakti.[25]
Pibata Bhagvata Rasamalaya: A Book dealing with Rasa of Srimad Bhagvata Purana.[26]
Kaal Mimansa: A work dealing with the chronology in context of the Pauranic and Other Hindu Epic literature.[27]
Kya Sambhog se Samadhi: A Simple Refutation of Osho's interpretation of Samadhi.[28]
Capitalism, Socialism and Ramrajya: Refuting Osho's shallow understanding on these Ideologies.[29]
Ramayana Mimansa: A Book with systematic analysis of the Hindu Epic Ramayana.[30]
Ved Ka Swaroop Aur Pramanya: The epistemological significance and Structure of the Vedas.[31]
Veda Pramanya Mimansa: Establishing the supreme authority of Vedas.[32]
VedaSwarupVimarsh: A Short book defining the swarupa of Vedas while refuting the claims of Social Reformers and Modern day Scholars Like Swami Dayanand.[33]
Samanvaya Samrajya Samrakshanam:A work dealing with coordination between various schools of Hinduism.[34]
Ahamartha aur Parmartha Sara: A commentary on Patanjali's work "Parmarth Sara" with the refutation of Vishishta Advaita View.[35]
Nastika-Astika Vaad: A point to point refutation of Nastika Arguments used against Astikas.[36]
Videsh Yatra Shastriya Paksha: The Views of Hindu Shastras on Travelling Abroad.[37]
Sankirtan Mimansa evam Varnashrama Dharma: A text Describing the maintenance of Varnashrama Dharma along with Holy Enchanting.[38]
Rss aur Hindu Dharma: Deals with Structural criticism of Sangh-Sponsored Anti-Shastra ideology.[39] Gau - Ek Samagra Chintan: The importance of Cow within Hinduism and Humanity as a whole.[40]
Vedartha Parijata: Explaining the True Essence of the Vedas along with Commentary.[41]
Kumbha Tithyadi Nirnaya: A treatise dealing with the astrological conclusions in context of Tithis and Kumbha Parva.[42]
Yajurveda Commentary: Bhashya (Commentary) of Shukla Yajurveda by Swami Karpatri in eight parts.[43][44][45][46][47][48][49]
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Lutgendorf, Philip (1991). The Life of a Text: Performing the Rāmcaritmānas of Tulsidas. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06690-8.
- Swami, Vedanti (1999). Sri Karpatri Ji Sankshipt Jeevani [Detailed Biography of Swami Karpatri] (in हिन्दी).
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Swami 1999, p. 1.
- ↑ Swami 1999, p. 2.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Kumar, Pramod (30 April 2019). "Swami Karpatri Ji: The forgotten Dharma SamarAt". Pragyata.
- ↑ "करपात्री महाराज ने दिया धर्म की जय, अधर्म के नाश का मंत्र".
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Sri Karpatri Ji Sankshipt Jeevani Vedanti Swami Ji".
- ↑ Ramesh Kutticad. Abhinav Shankar Smriti Granth Swami Karpatriji Maharaj Poor Scan Vol 1.
- ↑ "Swami Karpatri Ji: The forgotten Dharma SamarAt". 30 April 2019.
- ↑ Rama, Swami (1999) Himalayan Institute, Living With the Himalayan Masters, page 247
- ↑ @govardhanmath (4 August 2019). "Dharma Samrat Swami Karpatri Ji Jayanti.Puri Shankaracharya ji's Pravachan on his Guru Maharaj's 112th Jayanti.ध…" (Tweet). Retrieved 23 July 2020 – via Twitter.
- ↑ Swami Karpatri The Linga and the great goddess Indica bolls, ISBN 818656988X
- ↑ "Akhil Bhartiya Ramrajya Parishad - Contribution Reports Year 2009-10 - Election Commission of India". Archived from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 September 2021.
- ↑ Irfan Ahmad, Pralay Kanungo (24 December 2018). The Algebra of Warfare-Welfare: A Long View of India's 2014 Election. Oxford University Press. p. 103. ISBN 9780199097531.
- ↑ Mahila Patrakarita (in Hindi). Prabhat Prakashan. 2012. p. 73. ISBN 9789350481189. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ↑ @govardhanmath (10 August 2021). "#गौ_रक्षा_दिवससर्वभूतहृदय धर्मसम्राट स्वामी श्रीकरपात्रीजी की अद्भुत देन" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ↑ Vedanti Swami Ji. "Sri Karpatri Ji Sankshipt Jeevani Vedanti Swami Ji" (in हिन्दी). Shri Dharmasangh Prakashan.
- ↑ Vedanti Swami Ji. "Sri Karpatri Ji Sankshipt Jeevani Vedanti Swami Ji" (in हिन्दी). Shri Dharmasangh Prakashan.
- ↑ Vedanti Swami Ji. "Sri Karpatri Ji Sankshipt Jeevani Vedanti Swami Ji" (in हिन्दी). Shri Dharmasangh Prakashan.
- ↑ "Swami Karpatri vs Swami Vidyamanyatirtha 1965" (in हिन्दी). Internet Archive.
- ↑ "मार्क्सवाद और रामराज्य markswad or ramrajya".
- ↑ "मार्क्सवाद और रामराज्य (Marksvad Aur Ramrajya)".
- ↑ "Vichar Piyush ( 305to 308 512to 519miss)". 5 April 2018.
- ↑ "Bhakti Sudha - Sri Karpatri Swami".
- ↑ "Bhagavata Sudha - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Radha Sudha - Sri Karpatri Swami".
- ↑ "Bhaktirasarnava - Sri Karpatri Swami".
- ↑ "Pibata Bhagavata Rasamalaya Karapatriji Maharaj" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Kala Mimansa - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Kya Sambhog Se Samadhi - Swami Karpatri" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "1960 Around -Punjivad Samajvad Aur Ramrajya". 1960.
- ↑ "Ramayan Mimansa - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Ved Ka Swaroop Aur Pramanya Part 1 Shri Swami Karpatri Ji Maharaj".
- ↑ "Veda Pramanya Mimansa - Sri Karpatri Swami".
- ↑ "Veda Swaroop Vimarsha - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Samanvaya Samrajya Samrakshanam - Sri Karpatri Swami".
- ↑ "Ahamartha Aur Paramartha Sara - Sri Karpatri Swami".
- ↑ "Nastika Astika Vada - Sri Karpatri Swami".
- ↑ "Videsh yatra - karpatri ji विदेश यात्रा (करपात्री जी महाराज )".
- ↑ "Sankirtana Mimansa Evam Varnashrama Maryada - Sri Karpatri Swami".
- ↑ "Rss और हिन्दू धर्म स्वामी करपात्री जी" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Gau - Ek Samagra Chintan - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Vedartha Parijata - Sri Karpatri Swami (Total 23 Files)".
- ↑ "Kumbha Tithyadi Nirnaya - Sri Karpatri Swami".
- ↑ "Yajurveda Bhashya 01 - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Yajurveda Bhashya 02 - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Yajurveda Bhashya 03 - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Yajurveda Bhashya 04 - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Yajurveda Bhashya 05 - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Yajurveda Bhashya 07 - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Yajurveda Bhashya 08 - Sri Karpatri Swami" – via Internet Archive.