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[[File:Mahaganpati.jpg|thumb|Mahaganapati, folio from the ''[[Sritattvanidhi]]'' (19th century). Here he is depicted with ten arms and accompanied by a goddess.]] | [[File:Mahaganpati.jpg|thumb|Mahaganapati, folio from the ''[[Sritattvanidhi]]'' (19th century). Here he is depicted with ten arms and accompanied by a goddess.]] | ||
'''Mahaganapati''' ({{langx|sa|महागणपति}}, {{IAST|mahā-gaṇapati}}), literally "Ganesha, the Great" | '''Mahaganapati''' ({{langx|sa|महागणपति}}, {{IAST|mahā-gaṇapati}}), literally "Ganesha, the Great"<ref name="Subramuniyaswami71"/>), also spelled as '''Maha Ganapati''', and frequently called '''Mahaganadhipati''', is an aspect of the Hindu god [[Ganesha]]. He is the representation of Ganesha as the Supreme Being [[Paramatman]] and is the most important deity of the Ganesha-centric [[Ganapatya]] sect. He is one of the most popular of the [[thirty-two forms of Ganesha]], worshipped as a representation of the ultimate truth [[Para brahman]]. | ||
Mahaganapati is depicted as elephant-headed with ten arms carrying various objects and is accompanied by a goddess. | Mahaganapati is depicted as elephant-headed with ten arms carrying various objects and is accompanied by a goddess. | ||
==Iconography== | ==Iconography== | ||
Like all aspects of Ganesha, Mahaganapati has an elephant head. [[Sindoor]], is generally used for his red colour, in depictions. | Like all aspects of Ganesha, Mahaganapati has an elephant head. [[Sindoor]], is generally used for his red colour, in depictions.<ref name="Rao1989"/> His colour is a reference to the dawn.<ref name="Subramuniyaswami71"/> He is often depicted with a [[third eye]] on his forehead, a crescent moon over his head,<ref name="Subramuniyaswami71"/> ten arms which hold; a [[Nelumbo nucifera|lotus]], a [[pomegranate]] fruit, a [[gada (weapon)|gada]] (mace), a [[Sudarshana chakra|chakra]] (discus), his own broken tusk, a [[Pasha (Hinduism)|pasha]] (noose), a jewelled water vessel or a pot of jewels, a [[Nymphaea nouchali|blue lotus]], a rice sprig and a sugarcane bow.<ref name="Subramuniyaswami71">Subramuniyaswami p. 71</ref><ref name="Rao">Rao p. 55</ref> | ||
An alternate depiction replaces the pomegranate with a mango and the gada with a ''[[shankha]]'' (conch) and elaborates that the jewelled pot contains ''[[amrita]]'' (ambrosia). | An alternate depiction replaces the pomegranate with a mango and the gada with a ''[[shankha]]'' (conch) and elaborates that the jewelled pot contains ''[[amrita]]'' (ambrosia).<ref name="T.K.Jagannathan2009"/> Yet another description suggests that the objects in his ten hands are gifts from other deities and symbolize his powers to perform the tasks of all deities and his supremacy over the pantheon.<ref name="Grewal120"/> He sometimes holds a [[citron]] fruit with numerous seeds, a symbol of the power of creation and a representation the god [[Shiva]]. The sugarcane bow is associated with [[Kamadeva]], the god of love; while the rice paddy functions as an arrow bestowed by the Earth goddess [[Prithvi]]; both symbols of fertility. The chakra is a common weapon of [[Vishnu]], while the gada represents his boar [[avatar]], [[Varaha]]. The jewelled pot&nbsp;– which may be depicted in his trunk&nbsp;– denotes [[Kubera]], the god of wealth. It also represents the fortune and blessings bestowed by Mahaganapati on his devotees.<ref name="Grewal120"/> | ||
Rao classifies Mahaganapati as one of the five Shakti-Ganesha icons, where Ganesha is depicted with either Riddhi/Siddhi that is, a female consort. | Rao classifies Mahaganapati as one of the five Shakti-Ganesha icons, where Ganesha is depicted with either Riddhi/Siddhi that is, a female consort.<ref>Rao p. 53</ref> A white-complexioned Siddha Lakshmi sits on his left lap as his shakti. She holds a lotus (a symbol of purity) in her left hand and hugs the god with her other hand.<ref name="Rao"/><ref name="Grewal120"/> A text also calls her Pushti ("nourishment").<ref name="Rao1989">{{cite book|author=Saligrama Krishna Ramachandra Rao |title=Gaṇapati: 32 Drawings from a 19th Cent. Scroll |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SkwgAAAAIAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath |page=18}}</ref> The left hand of the god holds a blue lotus and embraces the goddess.<ref name="T.K.Jagannathan2009">{{cite book |last=Jagannathan |first=T. K. |title=Sri Ganesha |year=2009 |publisher=Pustak Mahal |isbn=978-81-223-1054-2|page=106}}</ref> | ||
Various deities and [[asura|demons]] surround the god. | Various deities and [[asura|demons]] surround the god.<ref name="Grewal120"/> | ||
==Worship== | ==Worship== | ||
Mahaganapati represents Ganesha as the [[King of the gods|Supreme Being]] | Mahaganapati represents Ganesha as the [[King of the gods|Supreme Being]]<ref name="Grewal120"/> and thus the most important deity of the [[Ganapatya]] sect, which accords the status of the Supreme God to Ganesha. He is a widely worshipped and widely depicted form of Ganesha.<ref name="Grewal120">Grewal pp. 120–1</ref> The icon symbolizes happiness, wealth and magnificence of Ganesha.<ref name="T.K.Jagannathan2009"/> | ||
Mahaganapati is the patron of the Maha-ganapatya sect, one of the six chief schools of the Ganapatyas. They regard Mahaganapati as the great Creator. Mahaganapati is believed to have existed before the creation of the universe and will exist after its dissolution ([[pralaya]]). He creates the god [[Brahma]], who aids in creation of the universe and all other beings. One who meditates on this form of Ganesha is said to obtain Supreme Bliss. | Mahaganapati is the patron of the Maha-ganapatya sect, one of the six chief schools of the Ganapatyas. They regard Mahaganapati as the great Creator. Mahaganapati is believed to have existed before the creation of the universe and will exist after its dissolution ([[pralaya]]). He creates the god [[Brahma]], who aids in creation of the universe and all other beings. One who meditates on this form of Ganesha is said to obtain Supreme Bliss.<ref>Bhandarkar p. 213</ref> | ||
In a [[Tantra|Tantric]] context, Mahaganapati is associated with six rituals of abhichara (uses of spells for malevolent purposes) by which the adept can cause the target to suffer delusions, be overcome with irresistible attraction or envy, or to be enslaved, paralysed or killed. | In a [[Tantra|Tantric]] context, Mahaganapati is associated with six rituals of abhichara (uses of spells for malevolent purposes) by which the adept can cause the target to suffer delusions, be overcome with irresistible attraction or envy, or to be enslaved, paralysed or killed.<ref>Grewal pp. 122–3</ref> | ||
Mahaganapati is enshrined in the [[Ranjangaon Ganpati]] temple, one of the eight [[Ashtavinayak]] temples. According to local legend, Mahaganapati had aided his father Shiva to fight the demon [[Tripurasura]]. Shiva had forgotten to pay his respects to Mahaganapati before starting the battle against the demon. An enraged Mahaganapati caused Shiva's chariot to fail. Shiva realized his mistake and paid his respects to his son and then was successful in defeating the demon. | Mahaganapati is enshrined in the [[Ranjangaon Ganpati]] temple, one of the eight [[Ashtavinayak]] temples. According to local legend, Mahaganapati had aided his father Shiva to fight the demon [[Tripurasura]]. Shiva had forgotten to pay his respects to Mahaganapati before starting the battle against the demon. An enraged Mahaganapati caused Shiva's chariot to fail. Shiva realized his mistake and paid his respects to his son and then was successful in defeating the demon.<ref>Grewal pp. 133–4</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Latest revision as of 10:13, 22 March 2026
Mahaganapati (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., mahā-gaṇapati), literally "Ganesha, the Great"[1]), also spelled as Maha Ganapati, and frequently called Mahaganadhipati, is an aspect of the Hindu god Ganesha. He is the representation of Ganesha as the Supreme Being Paramatman and is the most important deity of the Ganesha-centric Ganapatya sect. He is one of the most popular of the thirty-two forms of Ganesha, worshipped as a representation of the ultimate truth Para brahman.
Mahaganapati is depicted as elephant-headed with ten arms carrying various objects and is accompanied by a goddess.
Iconography[edit | edit source]
Like all aspects of Ganesha, Mahaganapati has an elephant head. Sindoor, is generally used for his red colour, in depictions.[2] His colour is a reference to the dawn.[1] He is often depicted with a third eye on his forehead, a crescent moon over his head,[1] ten arms which hold; a lotus, a pomegranate fruit, a gada (mace), a chakra (discus), his own broken tusk, a pasha (noose), a jewelled water vessel or a pot of jewels, a blue lotus, a rice sprig and a sugarcane bow.[1][3]
An alternate depiction replaces the pomegranate with a mango and the gada with a shankha (conch) and elaborates that the jewelled pot contains amrita (ambrosia).[4] Yet another description suggests that the objects in his ten hands are gifts from other deities and symbolize his powers to perform the tasks of all deities and his supremacy over the pantheon.[5] He sometimes holds a citron fruit with numerous seeds, a symbol of the power of creation and a representation the god Shiva. The sugarcane bow is associated with Kamadeva, the god of love; while the rice paddy functions as an arrow bestowed by the Earth goddess Prithvi; both symbols of fertility. The chakra is a common weapon of Vishnu, while the gada represents his boar avatar, Varaha. The jewelled pot – which may be depicted in his trunk – denotes Kubera, the god of wealth. It also represents the fortune and blessings bestowed by Mahaganapati on his devotees.[5]
Rao classifies Mahaganapati as one of the five Shakti-Ganesha icons, where Ganesha is depicted with either Riddhi/Siddhi that is, a female consort.[6] A white-complexioned Siddha Lakshmi sits on his left lap as his shakti. She holds a lotus (a symbol of purity) in her left hand and hugs the god with her other hand.[3][5] A text also calls her Pushti ("nourishment").[2] The left hand of the god holds a blue lotus and embraces the goddess.[4]
Various deities and demons surround the god.[5]
Worship[edit | edit source]
Mahaganapati represents Ganesha as the Supreme Being[5] and thus the most important deity of the Ganapatya sect, which accords the status of the Supreme God to Ganesha. He is a widely worshipped and widely depicted form of Ganesha.[5] The icon symbolizes happiness, wealth and magnificence of Ganesha.[4]
Mahaganapati is the patron of the Maha-ganapatya sect, one of the six chief schools of the Ganapatyas. They regard Mahaganapati as the great Creator. Mahaganapati is believed to have existed before the creation of the universe and will exist after its dissolution (pralaya). He creates the god Brahma, who aids in creation of the universe and all other beings. One who meditates on this form of Ganesha is said to obtain Supreme Bliss.[7]
In a Tantric context, Mahaganapati is associated with six rituals of abhichara (uses of spells for malevolent purposes) by which the adept can cause the target to suffer delusions, be overcome with irresistible attraction or envy, or to be enslaved, paralysed or killed.[8]
Mahaganapati is enshrined in the Ranjangaon Ganpati temple, one of the eight Ashtavinayak temples. According to local legend, Mahaganapati had aided his father Shiva to fight the demon Tripurasura. Shiva had forgotten to pay his respects to Mahaganapati before starting the battle against the demon. An enraged Mahaganapati caused Shiva's chariot to fail. Shiva realized his mistake and paid his respects to his son and then was successful in defeating the demon.[9]
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Subramuniyaswami p. 71
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Saligrama Krishna Ramachandra Rao (1989). Gaṇapati: 32 Drawings from a 19th Cent. Scroll. Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath. p. 18.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Rao p. 55
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Jagannathan, T. K. (2009). Sri Ganesha. Pustak Mahal. p. 106. ISBN 978-81-223-1054-2.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 Grewal pp. 120–1
- ↑ Rao p. 53
- ↑ Bhandarkar p. 213
- ↑ Grewal pp. 122–3
- ↑ Grewal pp. 133–4
References[edit | edit source]
- Bhandarkar, Ramkrishna Gopal. Vaisnavism, Saivism and Minor Religious Systems. Asian Educational Services. ISBN 978-81-206-0122-2.
- Brown, Robert, ed. (1991). Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God. State University of New York. ISBN 0-7914-0657-1.
- Rao, T. A. Gopinatha (1993). Elements of Hindu iconography. Motilal Banarsidass Publisher. ISBN 978-81-208-0878-2.
- Grewal, Royina (2009). Book of Ganesha. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-93-5118-091-3.
- Subramuniyaswami, Satguru Sivaya. Loving Ganesha. Himalayan Academy Publications. ISBN 978-1-934145-17-3.
| Forms |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Worship | ||
| Ashtavinayaka Temples | ||
| Legends and Texts | ||
| Associated deities | ||
| See also | ||