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| symbol_type = Coinage of [[Sallakshanavarman|Sallakshanavarman]] (1120–1135 CE), Chandelas of Jejakabhukti | | symbol_type = Coinage of [[Sallakshanavarman|Sallakshanavarman]] (1120–1135 CE), Chandelas of Jejakabhukti | ||
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The '''Chandelas of Jejakabhukti''' | |||
The '''Chandelas of Jejakabhukti''' ([[Devanagri]]: जेजाकभुक्ति के चन्देल, colloquially known as the '''Chandel of Mahoba'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Raychaudhuri |first=Tapan |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L-s8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA93&dq=Chandelas+of+Mahoba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf2YSlqsWCAxVHQ2cHHWz4CwQQ6AF6BAgOEAM |title=The Cambridge Economic History of India: Volume 1, C.1200-c.1750 |last2=Habib |first2=Irfan |last3=Kumar |first3=Dharma |date=1982 |publisher=CUP Archive |isbn=978-0-521-22692-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Cunningham |first=Sir Alexander |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=4V4CAAAAYAAJ&pg=PP19&dq=Chandelas+of+Mahoba&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf2YSlqsWCAxVHQ2cHHWz4CwQQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Chandelas%20of%20Mahoba&f=false |title=Coins of Ancient India from the Earliest Times Down to the Seventh Century A.D. |date=1891 |publisher=Quaritch |language=en}}</ref> or '''Chandel Empire'''<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gangoly |first=Ordhendra Coomar |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=leBOAAAAYAAJ&q=Chandela+Empire&dq=Chandela+Empire&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGkrORpsWCAxXkSWwGHVbZCo0Q6AF6BAgKEAM#Chandela%20Empire |title=The Art of the Chandelas |date=1957 |publisher=Rupa |language=en}}</ref>) were an Indian dynasty founded by a Haihayavanshi Chandel ruler Chandravarman II (Nannuka Varman). They ruled many parts of [[India]] from their capital in the [[Jejakabhukti]] as a [[Chakravartin]] by subduing neighbour dynasties between the 8th and 15th centuries. They played a crucial role in protecting [[Hindu]]s from [[Muslim]] invaders.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=TKvEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA321&dq=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6+%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi5woqH9ceDAxWwklYBHUfNA58Q6AF6BAgGEAM#v=onepage&q=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%20&f=false|title=Raja Bhoj Parmaron Ki Gorvanshiya Virasat|last=sakalle|first=Jairam Sitaram Pawar & Vinayak|date=2023-06-13|publisher=Blue Rose Publishers|language=hi}}</ref> | |||
They were the most prominent ruling family of the [[Chandel (Rajput clan)|Chandel]] [[Rajput]] clan.<ref>*{{Cite book |author=Upinder Singh|author-link=Upinder Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DRuAAAAMAAJ |title=The Discovery of Ancient India: Early Archaeologists and the Beginnings of Archaeology |date=2004 |publisher=Permanent Black |isbn=978-81-7824-088-6|page=73|quote=Discussion of the histories of various Rajput clans, such as the Chauhans, Kachhvahas, Chandelas, Pratiharas and Tomaras on the basis of a wide range of sources-literary, epigraphic, numismatic, bardic accounts and local traditions|language=en}} | |||
*{{Cite book|last1=Kulke|first1=Hermann|author-link1=Hermann Kulke|last2=Rothermund|first2=Dietmar |author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C|title=A History of India|date=2004|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4|language=en|page=117|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}} | *{{Cite book|last1=Kulke|first1=Hermann|author-link1=Hermann Kulke|last2=Rothermund|first2=Dietmar |author-link2=Dietmar Rothermund|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TPVq3ykHyH4C|title=A History of India|date=2004|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=978-0-415-32919-4|language=en|page=117|quote="When Gurjara Pratiharas power declined after the sacking of Kannauj by the Rashtrakutas in the early tenth century many Rajput princes declared their independence and founded their own kingdoms, some of which grew to importance in the subsequent two centuries. The better known among those dynasties were the Chaulukyas or Solankis of Gujarat and Kathiawar, the Chahamanas (i.e. Chauhans) of eastern Rajasthan (Ajmer and Jodhpur) and the Tomaras who had founded Delhi (Dhillika) in 736 but had been displaced by the Chauhans in the twelfth century. Rajput descent was also claimed by the Chandelas of Khujuraho and the Kalachuris of Tripuri"}} | ||
*{{Cite book |author=Romila Thapar|author-link=Romila Thapar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ |title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 |date=2004|publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 |page=420|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti|language=en}} | *{{Cite book |author=Romila Thapar|author-link=Romila Thapar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i6cwDwAAQBAJ |title=Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300 |date=2004|publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-24225-8 |page=420|quote=Other claiming to be Rajputs and descended from the solar and lunar lines, established themselves as local kings in various parts of western and central India. Among them were the Chandellas, prominent in the tenth century in Bundelkhand with their centre at Khajuraho and their territory known as Jejakabhukti|language=en}} | ||
*{{harvnb|R. K. Dikshit|1976|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref> The last ruler was Kirttivarman II, who was killed against [[Islam Shah Suri]] on 27 may, 1545 CE..<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kusuman |first=K. K. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=z4JqgSUSXDsC&pg=PA155&dq=The+last+chandella+ruler++was&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNmYvch6iEAxVezzgGHZLFAYsQ6AF6BAgMEAM |title=A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume |date=1990 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-214-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=77bXjlFSBKMC&pg=PA52&dq=Chandelas+genealogy+records&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJ_Zv4iaiEAxWxla8BHcwyCVEQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Kirat%20Singh&f=false |title=Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862-1884 |date=1885 |publisher=Governement Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=Archaeological Survey of |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UMNQTl1EBAwC&pg=PA52&dq=Chandelas+genealogy+records&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJ_Zv4iaiEAxWxla8BHcwyCVEQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Chandelas%20genealogy%20records&f=false |title=Reports |date=1885 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing |language=en}}</ref> | *{{harvnb|R. K. Dikshit|1976|pp=8}}: "The Candellas are undoubtedly a Rajput clan and the epigraphic evidences does not show that any inferiority was applied to them in the past. It reveals their matrimonial relationship with important Rajput families from the very beginning of their history"</ref> The last ruler was Kirttivarman II, who was killed against [[Islam Shah Suri]] on 27 may, 1545 CE..<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kusuman |first=K. K. |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=z4JqgSUSXDsC&pg=PA155&dq=The+last+chandella+ruler++was&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNmYvch6iEAxVezzgGHZLFAYsQ6AF6BAgMEAM |title=A Panorama of Indian Culture: Professor A. Sreedhara Menon Felicitation Volume |date=1990 |publisher=Mittal Publications |isbn=978-81-7099-214-1 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=77bXjlFSBKMC&pg=PA52&dq=Chandelas+genealogy+records&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJ_Zv4iaiEAxWxla8BHcwyCVEQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Kirat%20Singh&f=false |title=Archaeological Survey of India: Reports 1862-1884 |date=1885 |publisher=Governement Press |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=Archaeological Survey of |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UMNQTl1EBAwC&pg=PA52&dq=Chandelas+genealogy+records&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJ_Zv4iaiEAxWxla8BHcwyCVEQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=Chandelas%20genealogy%20records&f=false |title=Reports |date=1885 |publisher=Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing |language=en}}</ref> Despite their decline, the direct scions of this family and its branches continued to resist against muslim, even defeating the [[Mughals]] under the leadership of [[Aurangzeb]].<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UOIJAQAAMAAJ&q=could+not+subjugate+the+freedom+lover+Bundelas+and+Chandelas&dq=could+not+subjugate+the+freedom+lover+Bundelas+and+Chandelas&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpsfrJuoaEAxWHXGwGHde0BM0Q6AF6BAgGEAM#Mughal%20Chandelas|title=Management in Government|date=2008|publisher=Department of Administrative Reforms, Ministry of Home Affairs|language=en}}</ref> | ||