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| name = Pepa | | name = Pepa | ||
| image = Bihu dancer with a horn.jpg | | image = Bihu dancer with a horn.jpg | ||
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| caption = A [[Bihu]] dancer blowing a '''Pepa'''. | | caption = A [[Bihu]] dancer blowing a '''Pepa'''. | ||
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[[File:Kaali instrument.jpg|thumb|Kaali musical instrument derived from Pepa]] | [[File:Kaali instrument.jpg|thumb|Kaali musical instrument derived from Pepa]] | ||
[[File:Sneng ស្នែង in front of water buffalo horn.jpg|thumb|Sneng, a musical instrument of Cambodia similar to Pepa]] | |||
The '''pepa''' | The '''pepa''' is a [[Hornpipe (instrument)|hornpipe]] [[musical instrument]] that is used in traditional music in [[Assam]], India. In [[Boro language (India)|Boro language]], it is known as ''Phenpha''. It is usually made with the horn of a [[Domestic buffalo|buffalo]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Dilip Ranjan Barthakur|title=The Music and Musical Instruments of North Eastern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oP4vH-4oSEcC&pg=PA116|year=2003|publisher=Mittal Publications|isbn=978-81-7099-881-5|pages=116–}}</ref> | ||
==Significance== | ==Significance== | ||
"Pepa" is a hornpipe which has been used during Bihu celebrations since ancient times. | "Pepa" is a hornpipe which has been used during Bihu celebrations since ancient times. Instruments similar to Pepa are also found among other [[Bodo-Kachari peoples|Bodo-Kachari]] groups like [[Garo people|Garo]],<ref>[http://megartsculture.gov.in/festivals-garo.htm Buffalo-horn is used as a music instrument among Garos]</ref><ref>[https://www.sahapedia.org/wangala-dance-garo-tribe Picture of a man playing a Garo Buffalo-horn]</ref> [[Tripuri people|Tripuri]],<ref>[https://trci.tripura.gov.in/emuseum/object/adhuri/ Tripuri Horn Trumpet]</ref> [[Dimasa people|Dimasa]],<ref>[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/From-Terror-destination-to-Tourist-destination/article15796965.ece/photo/2/ Dimasa Muri trumpet]</ref> etc. The [[Tibetan people|Tibetans]], [[Khmer people|Khmers (Austroasiatic)]] and ancient Chinese also used similar instruments named ''Rwa-dun'' and ''[[Sneng]]'' for religious rituals. Later, it was used as a musical instrument for festive occasions like Bihu. An improved version of Pepa was also developed in the [[Chutiya kingdom |Chutia kingdom]] which was known as Kaali (made of copper) as mentioned in Deodhai Buranji (where [[Ahom people|Ahom]] king [[Suhungmung]] brought in Kaali instruments from [[Sadiya]] to [[Sibsagar]]).<ref>{{harvcol|Baruah|2007|p=350}}</ref> | ||
As the buffalo population is dwindling gradually in Assam due to shrinking pastoral lands, getting a pepa is currently very difficult. Cost of a pepa in market has even reached ₹2500 in recent years. | As the buffalo population is dwindling gradually in Assam due to shrinking pastoral lands, getting a pepa is currently very difficult. Cost of a pepa in market has even reached ₹2500 in recent years. | ||
==Notes== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{ | *{{cite book |last=Baruah|url=https://archive.org/details/chutiaburanji/mode/2up|first=Swarnalata|title=Chutia Jatir Buranji|date=2007}} | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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*[[Sneng]] | *[[Sneng]] | ||
[[Category:Musical instruments of Assam]] | [[Category:Musical instruments of Assam]] | ||
[[Category:Hornpipes]] | [[Category:Hornpipes]] | ||
[[Category:Indian musical instruments]] | [[Category:Indian musical instruments]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Water buffalo]] | ||
Latest revision as of 18:27, 1 October 2024
 A Bihu dancer blowing a Pepa. | |
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The pepa is a hornpipe musical instrument that is used in traditional music in Assam, India. In Boro language, it is known as Phenpha. It is usually made with the horn of a buffalo.[1]
Significance[edit | edit source]
"Pepa" is a hornpipe which has been used during Bihu celebrations since ancient times. Instruments similar to Pepa are also found among other Bodo-Kachari groups like Garo,[2][3] Tripuri,[4] Dimasa,[5] etc. The Tibetans, Khmers (Austroasiatic) and ancient Chinese also used similar instruments named Rwa-dun and Sneng for religious rituals. Later, it was used as a musical instrument for festive occasions like Bihu. An improved version of Pepa was also developed in the Chutia kingdom which was known as Kaali (made of copper) as mentioned in Deodhai Buranji (where Ahom king Suhungmung brought in Kaali instruments from Sadiya to Sibsagar).[6]
As the buffalo population is dwindling gradually in Assam due to shrinking pastoral lands, getting a pepa is currently very difficult. Cost of a pepa in market has even reached ₹2500 in recent years.
Notes[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Dilip Ranjan Barthakur (2003). The Music and Musical Instruments of North Eastern India. Mittal Publications. pp. 116–. ISBN 978-81-7099-881-5.
- ↑ Buffalo-horn is used as a music instrument among Garos
- ↑ Picture of a man playing a Garo Buffalo-horn
- ↑ Tripuri Horn Trumpet
- ↑ Dimasa Muri trumpet
- ↑ (Baruah 2007:350)
References[edit | edit source]
- Baruah, Swarnalata (2007). Chutia Jatir Buranji.