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Adding missing statement on Population and Army extent as per Greek historians Plutarch and Pliny.
(→Empire: Adding Greek Historian Megasthanes Indica statements who was also a greek ambassador in chandragupta court....) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
(Adding missing statement on Population and Army extent as per Greek historians Plutarch and Pliny.) |
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The king's epithets mentioned in the Sanskrit play ''[[Mudrarakshasa]]'' include "Chanda-siri" (Chandra-shri), "Piadamsana" (Priya-darshana), and Vrishala.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1967|p=139}} Piadamsana is similar to Piyadasi, an epithet of his grandson [[Ashoka]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1967|pp=139-140}} The word "Vrishala" is used in Indian epics and law books to refer to non-orthodox people. According to one theory, it may be derived from the Greek royal title [[Basileus]], but there is no concrete evidence of this: the Indian sources apply it to several non-royals, especially wandering teachers and ascetics.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1967|p=140}} | The king's epithets mentioned in the Sanskrit play ''[[Mudrarakshasa]]'' include "Chanda-siri" (Chandra-shri), "Piadamsana" (Priya-darshana), and Vrishala.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1967|p=139}} Piadamsana is similar to Piyadasi, an epithet of his grandson [[Ashoka]].{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1967|pp=139-140}} The word "Vrishala" is used in Indian epics and law books to refer to non-orthodox people. According to one theory, it may be derived from the Greek royal title [[Basileus]], but there is no concrete evidence of this: the Indian sources apply it to several non-royals, especially wandering teachers and ascetics.{{sfn|Raychaudhuri|1967|p=140}} | ||
== Empire == | == Army Extent== | ||
[[File:Chandragupta_Maurya_Empire.jpg | The Greek historian [[Pliny the Elder|Pliny]] defined the military prowess of Chandragupta Maurya, which was utilized in the war against Seleucus. Pliny also delineated the armies of other kingdoms, and it is conceivable that Chandragupta commanded the world's largest army during that period: | ||
<blockquote>The largest and richest City, Palibotra (Patliputra), from whence some have named this Nation, yea, and all the Country generally beyond Ganges, Palibotros (Patliputra's). Their King (Chandragupta Maurya) keepeth continually in pay 6,00,000 Footmen, 30,000 Horsemen, and 9,000 Elephants, every Day. | |||
— Pliny, Natural History, Book VI, Chapter XIX[https://archive.org/details/plinysnaturalhis00plinrich/page/n334/mode/1up] | |||
</blockquote> | |||
After the war with Selucus, Chandragupta Maurya went toward South India with army for further expansion of his empire which perhaps be inferred from the following statement of Plutarch. "The throne" in the context is the Magadhan throne, the occupation of which by Chandragupta is thus followed by two other events, viz., the defeat of Selucus, and the conquest of the remaining part of India not included in the Magadhan empire of the Nandas: | |||
<blockquote>"Not long afterwards Androkottos (Chandragupta_Maurya), who had by that time mounted the throne, presented Selukos with 500 elephants, and overran and subdued the whole of India with an army of 6,00,000." | |||
-Chapter LXII ,Life of Alexander, Plutarch[https://books.google.co.in/books?id=TXtEAQAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false] | |||
</blockquote> | |||
During the 3rd century BCE, Pataliputra was one of the world's largest cities, with a population of about 150,000–400,000.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Rise of Man in the Gardens of Sumeria: A Biography of L.A. Waddell |first=Christine |last=Preston |publisher=Sussex Academic Press |year=2009 |page=49 |isbn=9781845193157 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ujn2fPCwaUAC&pg=PA49 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | |||
==Empire == | |||
[[File:Chandragupta_Maurya_Empire.jpg|Emperor Chandragupta Maurya Empire 300 BCE |thumb|250x250px]] | |||
Empire expansion is based on inferences from Greek and Roman historians and the religious Indian texts written centuries after his death. Based on these, the North-West reach of his empire included parts of present-day [[Afghanistan]] that [[Seleucus I Nicator]] ceded to him including [[Kabul]], [[Kandahar]], [[Taxila]] and [[Gandhara]].{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|pp=36–37, 105}}{{sfn|Kulke|Rothermund|2004|p=61}} These are the areas where his grandson Ashoka left the [[Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka|major Kandahar rock edict]] and other edicts in the Greek and Aramaic languages.{{sfn|Dupree|2014|pp=285–289}}<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dupont-Sommer|first1=André|title=Une nouvelle inscription araméenne d'Asoka trouvée dans la vallée du Laghman (Afghanistan)|journal=Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres| volume=114|issue=1| year=1970|pages=158–173| doi=10.3406/crai.1970.12491}}</ref> | Empire expansion is based on inferences from Greek and Roman historians and the religious Indian texts written centuries after his death. Based on these, the North-West reach of his empire included parts of present-day [[Afghanistan]] that [[Seleucus I Nicator]] ceded to him including [[Kabul]], [[Kandahar]], [[Taxila]] and [[Gandhara]].{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|pp=36–37, 105}}{{sfn|Kulke|Rothermund|2004|p=61}} These are the areas where his grandson Ashoka left the [[Kandahar Greek Edicts of Ashoka|major Kandahar rock edict]] and other edicts in the Greek and Aramaic languages.{{sfn|Dupree|2014|pp=285–289}}<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dupont-Sommer|first1=André|title=Une nouvelle inscription araméenne d'Asoka trouvée dans la vallée du Laghman (Afghanistan)|journal=Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres| volume=114|issue=1| year=1970|pages=158–173| doi=10.3406/crai.1970.12491}}</ref> | ||
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</blockquote> | </blockquote> | ||
Maurya with his counsellor [[Chanakya]] together built one of the largest empires ever on the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name=britchandrag>[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chandragupta Chandragupta Maurya, Emperor of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310115220/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chandragupta |date=10 March 2018 }}, Encyclopædia Britannica</ref>{{sfn|Kulke|Rothermund|2004|p=59-65}}{{sfn|Boesche|2003|p=7-18}} Chandragupta's empire extended from [[Bengal]] to central [[Afghanistan]] encompassing most of the Indian subcontinent except for parts that are now [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]] and [[Odisha]](Kalinga).{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|pp=1-4}}{{sfn|Kulke|Rothermund|2004|p=59-65}} | Maurya with his counsellor [[Chanakya]] together built one of the largest empires ever on the [[Indian subcontinent]].<ref name="britchandrag">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chandragupta Chandragupta Maurya, Emperor of India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310115220/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chandragupta |date=10 March 2018 }}, Encyclopædia Britannica</ref>{{sfn|Kulke|Rothermund|2004|p=59-65}}{{sfn|Boesche|2003|p=7-18}} Chandragupta's empire extended from [[Bengal]] to central [[Afghanistan]] encompassing most of the Indian subcontinent except for parts that are now [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Kerala]] and [[Odisha]](Kalinga).{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|pp=1-4}}{{sfn|Kulke|Rothermund|2004|p=59-65}} | ||
Territories which are even now outside the Government of India were parts of the Indian empire under Chandragupta. They were the four satrapies of Aria, Arochosia, Gedrosia, and the Paropanisadai, which Chandragupta wrested in about 304 B.C from the Empire of Selucus as the penalty for his ill-advised aggression and war against him in Treaty Of Indus.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uXyftdtE1ygC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Radhakumud+Mookerji%22&hl=en&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=cottus&f=false|title=Asoka|last=Mookerji|first=Radhakumud|date=1962|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe|isbn=978-81-208-0582-8|language=en}}</ref> | Territories which are even now outside the Government of India were parts of the Indian empire under Chandragupta. They were the four satrapies of Aria, Arochosia, Gedrosia, and the Paropanisadai, which Chandragupta wrested in about 304 B.C from the Empire of Selucus as the penalty for his ill-advised aggression and war against him in Treaty Of Indus.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uXyftdtE1ygC&newbks=0&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Radhakumud+Mookerji%22&hl=en&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=cottus&f=false|title=Asoka|last=Mookerji|first=Radhakumud|date=1962|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publishe|isbn=978-81-208-0582-8|language=en}}</ref> | ||
The conquest of the south by Chandragupta Maurya may also perhaps be inferred from the following statement of Plutarch. "The throne" in the context is the Magadhan throne, the occupation of which by Chandragupta is thus followed by two other events, viz., the defeat of Selucus, and the conquest of the remaining part of India not included in the Magadhan empire of the Nandas: | The conquest of the south by Chandragupta Maurya may also perhaps be inferred from the following statement of Plutarch. "The throne" in the context is the Magadhan throne, the occupation of which by Chandragupta is thus followed by two other events, viz., the defeat of Selucus, and the conquest of the remaining part of India not included in the Magadhan empire of the Nandas: | ||
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Chandragupta probably exercised some control in the Deccan also, as appears from certain Mysore inscriptions as well as other evidences.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/chandraguptamaur035072mbp|title=Chandragupta Maurya|last=Purushottam Lal Bhargava|publisher=The Upper India Publishing House Ltd Lucknow|others=BRAOU, Digital Library Of India}}</ref> | Chandragupta probably exercised some control in the Deccan also, as appears from certain Mysore inscriptions as well as other evidences.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/chandraguptamaur035072mbp|title=Chandragupta Maurya|last=Purushottam Lal Bhargava|publisher=The Upper India Publishing House Ltd Lucknow|others=BRAOU, Digital Library Of India}}</ref> | ||
== Rule == | ==Rule == | ||
After unifying much of India, Chandragupta and [[Chanakya]] passed a series of major economic and political reforms. Chandragupta established a [[Mantriparishad|strong central administration]] from Pataliputra (now [[Patna]]).{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|pp=13–18}} Chandragupta applied the statecraft and economic policies described in Chanakya's text ''[[Arthashastra]]''.{{sfn|Boesche|2003|pp=7–18}}<ref>MV Krishna Rao (1958, Reprinted 1979), Studies in Kautilya, 2nd Edition, {{oclc|551238868}}, {{ISBN|978-8121502429}}, pages 13–14, 231–233</ref>{{sfn|Olivelle|2013|pp=31–38}} There are varying accounts in the historic, legendary, and hagiographic literature of various Indian religions about Chandragupta's rule, but Allchin and Erdosy' are suspect; they state, "one cannot but be struck by the many close correspondences between the (Hindu) Arthashastra and the two other major sources the (Buddhist) Asokan inscriptions and (Greek) Megasthenes text".{{sfn|Allchin|Erdosy|1995|pp=187–194}} | After unifying much of India, Chandragupta and [[Chanakya]] passed a series of major economic and political reforms. Chandragupta established a [[Mantriparishad|strong central administration]] from Pataliputra (now [[Patna]]).{{sfn|Mookerji|1988|pp=13–18}} Chandragupta applied the statecraft and economic policies described in Chanakya's text ''[[Arthashastra]]''.{{sfn|Boesche|2003|pp=7–18}}<ref>MV Krishna Rao (1958, Reprinted 1979), Studies in Kautilya, 2nd Edition, {{oclc|551238868}}, {{ISBN|978-8121502429}}, pages 13–14, 231–233</ref>{{sfn|Olivelle|2013|pp=31–38}} There are varying accounts in the historic, legendary, and hagiographic literature of various Indian religions about Chandragupta's rule, but Allchin and Erdosy' are suspect; they state, "one cannot but be struck by the many close correspondences between the (Hindu) Arthashastra and the two other major sources the (Buddhist) Asokan inscriptions and (Greek) Megasthenes text".{{sfn|Allchin|Erdosy|1995|pp=187–194}} | ||
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During Chandragupta's reign and that of his dynasty, many religions thrived in India, with [[Buddhism]], Jainism and [[Ajivika]] gaining prominence along with other folk traditions.{{sfn|Obeyesekere|1980|pp=137–139 with footnote 3}}{{sfn|Albinski|1958|pp=62–75}} | During Chandragupta's reign and that of his dynasty, many religions thrived in India, with [[Buddhism]], Jainism and [[Ajivika]] gaining prominence along with other folk traditions.{{sfn|Obeyesekere|1980|pp=137–139 with footnote 3}}{{sfn|Albinski|1958|pp=62–75}} | ||
== Infrastructure projects == | ==Infrastructure projects== | ||
[[File:MauryanCoin.JPG|thumb|left|alt=Coins|Silver punch mark coin of the [[Maurya empire]], with symbols of wheel and elephant (3rd century BCE)]] | [[File:MauryanCoin.JPG|thumb|left|alt=Coins|Silver punch mark coin of the [[Maurya empire]], with symbols of wheel and elephant (3rd century BCE)]] | ||
The empire built a [[Maurya Empire#Economy|strong economy]] from a solid infrastructure such as irrigation, temples, mines, and roads.{{sfn|Allchin|Erdosy|1995|pp=187–195}}{{sfn|Roy|2012|pp=62–63}} Ancient epigraphical evidence suggests Chandragupta, under counsel from Chanakya, started and completed many irrigation reservoirs and networks across the Indian subcontinent to ensure food supplies for the civilian population and the army, a practice continued by his dynastic successors.{{sfn|Allchin|Erdosy|1995|pp=187–194}} Regional prosperity in agriculture was one of the required duties of his state officials.{{sfn|Allchin|Erdosy|1995|pp=192–194}} | The empire built a [[Maurya Empire#Economy|strong economy]] from a solid infrastructure such as irrigation, temples, mines, and roads.{{sfn|Allchin|Erdosy|1995|pp=187–195}}{{sfn|Roy|2012|pp=62–63}} Ancient epigraphical evidence suggests Chandragupta, under counsel from Chanakya, started and completed many irrigation reservoirs and networks across the Indian subcontinent to ensure food supplies for the civilian population and the army, a practice continued by his dynastic successors.{{sfn|Allchin|Erdosy|1995|pp=187–194}} Regional prosperity in agriculture was one of the required duties of his state officials.{{sfn|Allchin|Erdosy|1995|pp=192–194}} | ||
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Chandragupta and Chanakya seeded weapon manufacturing centres, and kept them as a state monopoly of the state. The state, however, encouraged competing private parties to operate mines and supply these centres.{{sfn|Roy|2012|pp=63–64}} They considered economic prosperity essential to the pursuit of [[dharma]] (virtuous life) and adopted a policy of avoiding war with diplomacy yet continuously preparing the army for war to defend its interests and other ideas in the ''[[Arthashastra]]''.{{sfn|Roy|2012|pp=64–68}}{{sfn|Olivelle|2013|pp=49–51, 99–108, 277–294, 349–356, 373–382}} | Chandragupta and Chanakya seeded weapon manufacturing centres, and kept them as a state monopoly of the state. The state, however, encouraged competing private parties to operate mines and supply these centres.{{sfn|Roy|2012|pp=63–64}} They considered economic prosperity essential to the pursuit of [[dharma]] (virtuous life) and adopted a policy of avoiding war with diplomacy yet continuously preparing the army for war to defend its interests and other ideas in the ''[[Arthashastra]]''.{{sfn|Roy|2012|pp=64–68}}{{sfn|Olivelle|2013|pp=49–51, 99–108, 277–294, 349–356, 373–382}} | ||
== Arts and architecture == | ==Arts and architecture == | ||
The evidence of arts and architecture during Chandragupta's time is mostly limited to texts such as those by Megasthenes and Kautilya. The edict inscriptions and carvings on monumental pillars are attributed to his grandson Ashoka. The texts imply the existence of cities, public works, and prosperous architecture but the historicity of these is in question.{{sfn|Harrison|2009|pp=234–235}} | The evidence of arts and architecture during Chandragupta's time is mostly limited to texts such as those by Megasthenes and Kautilya. The edict inscriptions and carvings on monumental pillars are attributed to his grandson Ashoka. The texts imply the existence of cities, public works, and prosperous architecture but the historicity of these is in question.{{sfn|Harrison|2009|pp=234–235}} | ||
Archeological discoveries in the modern age, such as those [[Didarganj Yakshi]] discovered in 1917 buried beneath the banks of the Ganges suggest exceptional artisanal accomplishment.{{sfn|Guha-Thakurta|2006|pp=51–53, 58–59}}{{sfn|Varadpande|2006|pp=32–34 with Figure 11}} The site was dated to third century BCE by many scholars{{sfn|Guha-Thakurta|2006|pp=51–53, 58–59}}{{sfn|Varadpande|2006|pp=32–34 with Figure 11}} but later dates such as the [[Kushan]] era (1st-4th century CE) have also been proposed. The competing theories state that the art linked to Chandragupta Maurya's dynasty was learnt from the Greeks and West Asia in the years Alexander the Great waged war; or that these artifacts belong to an older indigenous Indian tradition.{{sfn|Guha-Thakurta|2006|pp=58–61}} Frederick Asher of the University of Minnesota says "we cannot pretend to have definitive answers; and perhaps, as with most art, we must recognize that there is no single answer or explanation".{{sfn|Asher|2015|pp=421–423}} | Archeological discoveries in the modern age, such as those [[Didarganj Yakshi]] discovered in 1917 buried beneath the banks of the Ganges suggest exceptional artisanal accomplishment.{{sfn|Guha-Thakurta|2006|pp=51–53, 58–59}}{{sfn|Varadpande|2006|pp=32–34 with Figure 11}} The site was dated to third century BCE by many scholars{{sfn|Guha-Thakurta|2006|pp=51–53, 58–59}}{{sfn|Varadpande|2006|pp=32–34 with Figure 11}} but later dates such as the [[Kushan]] era (1st-4th century CE) have also been proposed. The competing theories state that the art linked to Chandragupta Maurya's dynasty was learnt from the Greeks and West Asia in the years Alexander the Great waged war; or that these artifacts belong to an older indigenous Indian tradition.{{sfn|Guha-Thakurta|2006|pp=58–61}} Frederick Asher of the University of Minnesota says "we cannot pretend to have definitive answers; and perhaps, as with most art, we must recognize that there is no single answer or explanation".{{sfn|Asher|2015|pp=421–423}} | ||
== Succession, renunciation, and death (Sallekhana) == | ==Succession, renunciation, and death (Sallekhana)== | ||
[[File:Jain Inscription.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|alt=Inscription|1,300 years Old Shravanabelagola relief shows death of Chandragupta after taking the vow of [[Sallekhana]]. Some consider it about the legend of his arrival with Bhadrabahu.{{sfn|Dikshitar|1993|pp=264–266}}{{sfn|Wiley|2009|pp=50–52}}{{sfn|Fleet|1892|pp=156–162}}]] | [[File:Jain Inscription.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|alt=Inscription|1,300 years Old Shravanabelagola relief shows death of Chandragupta after taking the vow of [[Sallekhana]]. Some consider it about the legend of his arrival with Bhadrabahu.{{sfn|Dikshitar|1993|pp=264–266}}{{sfn|Wiley|2009|pp=50–52}}{{sfn|Fleet|1892|pp=156–162}}]] | ||
[[File:Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu.jpg|thumb|A statue depicting Chandragupta Maurya (right) with his spiritual mentor [[Acharya Bhadrabahu]] at [[Shravanabelagola]].]] | [[File:Chandragupta Maurya and Bhadrabahu.jpg|thumb|A statue depicting Chandragupta Maurya (right) with his spiritual mentor [[Acharya Bhadrabahu]] at [[Shravanabelagola]].]] | ||
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==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
*A memorial to Chandragupta Maurya exists on [[Chandragiri hill]] in [[Shravanabelagola]], [[Karnataka]].{{sfn|Vallely|2018|pp=182–183}} | *A memorial to Chandragupta Maurya exists on [[Chandragiri hill]] in [[Shravanabelagola]], [[Karnataka]].{{sfn|Vallely|2018|pp=182–183}} | ||
*The [[Indian Postal Service]] issued a [[Commemorative stamp|commemorative postage stamp]] honouring Chandragupta Maurya in 2001.<ref name=PIBRelease>[http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2001/rjul2001/19072001/r190720012.html Commemorative postage stamp on Chandragupta Maurya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427002333/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2001/rjul2001/19072001/r190720012.html |date=27 April 2013 }}, Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India</ref> | * The [[Indian Postal Service]] issued a [[Commemorative stamp|commemorative postage stamp]] honouring Chandragupta Maurya in 2001.<ref name="PIBRelease">[http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2001/rjul2001/19072001/r190720012.html Commemorative postage stamp on Chandragupta Maurya] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427002333/http://pib.nic.in/archieve/lreleng/lyr2001/rjul2001/19072001/r190720012.html |date=27 April 2013 }}, Press Information Bureau, Govt. of India</ref> | ||
[[File:Chandragupta Maurya Stamp.jpg|thumb]] | [[File:Chandragupta Maurya Stamp.jpg|thumb]] | ||
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==In popular culture== | ==In popular culture== | ||
* ''Mudrarakshasa'' is a political drama in Sanskrit by [[Vishakhadatta]] composed 600 years after the conquest of Chandragupta – probably between 300 CE and 700 CE.{{sfn|Roy|2012|pp=61–62}} | *''Mudrarakshasa'' is a political drama in Sanskrit by [[Vishakhadatta]] composed 600 years after the conquest of Chandragupta – probably between 300 CE and 700 CE.{{sfn|Roy|2012|pp=61–62}} | ||
* [[Dwijendralal Ray|D. L. Roy]] wrote a Bengali drama named ''[[Chandragupta (play)|Chandragupta]]'' based on the life of Chandragupta. The story of the play is loosely borrowed from the [[Puranas]] and the Greek history.{{sfn|Ghosh|2001|pp=44–46}} | * [[Dwijendralal Ray|D. L. Roy]] wrote a Bengali drama named ''[[Chandragupta (play)|Chandragupta]]'' based on the life of Chandragupta. The story of the play is loosely borrowed from the [[Puranas]] and the Greek history.{{sfn|Ghosh|2001|pp=44–46}} | ||
* Chanakya's role in the formation of the Maurya Empire is the essence of a historical/spiritual novel ''The Courtesan and the Sadhu'' by Dr. Mysore N. Prakash.<ref>''The Courtesan and the Sadhu, A Novel about Maya, Dharma, and God'', October 2008, Dharma Vision LLC., {{ISBN|978-0-9818237-0-6}}, Library of Congress Control Number: 2008934274</ref> | *Chanakya's role in the formation of the Maurya Empire is the essence of a historical/spiritual novel ''The Courtesan and the Sadhu'' by Dr. Mysore N. Prakash.<ref>''The Courtesan and the Sadhu, A Novel about Maya, Dharma, and God'', October 2008, Dharma Vision LLC., {{ISBN|978-0-9818237-0-6}}, Library of Congress Control Number: 2008934274</ref> | ||
*''Chandragupta'' is a 1920 Indian silent film about the Mauryan king.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Bhagwan Das Garga]]|title=So Many Cinemas: The Motion Picture in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXRZAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Eminence Designs|isbn=978-81-900602-1-9|page=43}}</ref> | *''Chandragupta'' is a 1920 Indian silent film about the Mauryan king.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Bhagwan Das Garga]]|title=So Many Cinemas: The Motion Picture in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wXRZAAAAMAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Eminence Designs|isbn=978-81-900602-1-9|page=43}}</ref> | ||
*[[Chandragupta (film)|''Chandragupta'']] is a 1934 Indian film directed by [[Abdur Rashid Kardar]]. | *[[Chandragupta (film)|''Chandragupta'']] is a 1934 Indian film directed by [[Abdur Rashid Kardar]]. | ||
*''[[Chandraguptha Chanakya]]'' is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language historical drama film directed by C. K. Sachi, starring Bhavani K. Sambamurthy as Chandragupta. | * ''[[Chandraguptha Chanakya]]'' is an Indian [[Tamil language|Tamil]]-language historical drama film directed by C. K. Sachi, starring Bhavani K. Sambamurthy as Chandragupta. | ||
*''Samrat Chandragupta'' is a 1945 Indian historical film by [[Jayant Desai]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Screen World Publication's 75 Glorious Years of Indian Cinema: Complete Filmography of All Films (silent & Hindi) Produced Between 1913-1988|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7UEAQAAIAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Screen World Publication|page=109}}</ref> | *''Samrat Chandragupta'' is a 1945 Indian historical film by [[Jayant Desai]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Screen World Publication's 75 Glorious Years of Indian Cinema: Complete Filmography of All Films (silent & Hindi) Produced Between 1913-1988|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q7UEAQAAIAAJ|year=1988|publisher=Screen World Publication|page=109}}</ref> | ||
*''Samrat Chandragupt'' is a 1958 Indian historical fiction film by [[Babubhai Mistry]], a remake of the 1945 film. It stars [[Bharat Bhushan]] in the titular role of the emperor.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hervé Dumont|title=L'Antiquité au cinéma: vérités, légendes et manipulations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ke0nAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Nouveau Monde|isbn=978-2-84736-476-7}}</ref> | *''Samrat Chandragupt'' is a 1958 Indian historical fiction film by [[Babubhai Mistry]], a remake of the 1945 film. It stars [[Bharat Bhushan]] in the titular role of the emperor.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hervé Dumont|title=L'Antiquité au cinéma: vérités, légendes et manipulations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ke0nAQAAIAAJ|year=2009|publisher=Nouveau Monde|isbn=978-2-84736-476-7}}</ref> | ||
* The story of [[Chanakya]] and Chandragupta was made into a film in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] in 1977 titled ''[[Chanakya Chandragupta]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0259242/|title=Chanakya Chandragupta (1977)|work=IMDb|date=25 August 1977|access-date=2016-02-20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311074910/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0259242/|archive-date=11 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | *The story of [[Chanakya]] and Chandragupta was made into a film in [[Telugu language|Telugu]] in 1977 titled ''[[Chanakya Chandragupta]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0259242/|title=Chanakya Chandragupta (1977)|work=IMDb|date=25 August 1977|access-date=2016-02-20|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311074910/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0259242/|archive-date=11 March 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
* The television series ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'' is an account of the life and times of Chanakya, based on the play "Mudra Rakshasa" (The Signet Ring of "Rakshasa").<ref name="ie-8sept91">{{cite news |title= Television |newspaper= The Indian Express |date= 8 September 1991 |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0X1lAAAAIBAJ&pg=0,1743861 |access-date= 22 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180511072641/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0X1lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wZ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=0,1743861 |archive-date= 11 May 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref> | *The television series ''[[Chanakya (TV series)|Chanakya]]'' is an account of the life and times of Chanakya, based on the play "Mudra Rakshasa" (The Signet Ring of "Rakshasa").<ref name="ie-8sept91">{{cite news |title= Television |newspaper= The Indian Express |date= 8 September 1991 |url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0X1lAAAAIBAJ&pg=0,1743861 |access-date= 22 August 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180511072641/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0X1lAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wZ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=0,1743861 |archive-date= 11 May 2018 |url-status= live }}</ref> | ||
* In 2011, a television series called ''[[Chandragupta Maurya (2011 TV series)|Chandragupta Maurya]]'' was telecast on [[Imagine TV]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/chandragupta-maurya-comes-to-small-screen_79683.html|title=Chandragupta Maurya comes to small screen|work=Zee News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235717/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/chandragupta-maurya-comes-to-small-screen_79683.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|df=dmy-all|date=2011-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Chandragupta-Maurya-on-Sony-TV/articleshow/13009059.cms|title=Chandragupta Maurya on Sony TV?|work=The Times of India|date=5 May 2012 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104234227/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Chandragupta-Maurya-on-Sony-TV/articleshow/13009059.cms|archive-date=4 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=TV|first=Imagine|title=Channel|url=http://www.imagine.tv/in/shows/subhome/123/1779/|work=TV Channel|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725194239/http://www.imagine.tv/in/shows/subhome/123/1779/|archive-date=25 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | *In 2011, a television series called ''[[Chandragupta Maurya (2011 TV series)|Chandragupta Maurya]]'' was telecast on [[Imagine TV]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/chandragupta-maurya-comes-to-small-screen_79683.html|title=Chandragupta Maurya comes to small screen|work=Zee News|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235717/http://zeenews.india.com/entertainment/idiotbox/chandragupta-maurya-comes-to-small-screen_79683.html|archive-date=3 March 2016|df=dmy-all|date=2011-01-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Chandragupta-Maurya-on-Sony-TV/articleshow/13009059.cms|title=Chandragupta Maurya on Sony TV?|work=The Times of India|date=5 May 2012 |url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160104234227/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Chandragupta-Maurya-on-Sony-TV/articleshow/13009059.cms|archive-date=4 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=TV|first=Imagine|title=Channel|url=http://www.imagine.tv/in/shows/subhome/123/1779/|work=TV Channel|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725194239/http://www.imagine.tv/in/shows/subhome/123/1779/|archive-date=25 July 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | ||
* In 2016, the television series ''[[Chandra Nandini]]'' was a fictionalized romance saga.<ref>{{cite news |title= Real truth behind Chandragupta's birth, his first love Durdhara and journey to becoming the Mauryan King |date= 17 October 2016 |url= https://www.speakingtree.in/allslides/real-truth-about-chandragupta-maurya-his-birth-his-real-wives-and-death |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171028043805/https://www.speakingtree.in/allslides/real-truth-about-chandragupta-maurya-his-birth-his-real-wives-and-death |archive-date= 28 October 2017 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | *In 2016, the television series ''[[Chandra Nandini]]'' was a fictionalized romance saga.<ref>{{cite news |title= Real truth behind Chandragupta's birth, his first love Durdhara and journey to becoming the Mauryan King |date= 17 October 2016 |url= https://www.speakingtree.in/allslides/real-truth-about-chandragupta-maurya-his-birth-his-real-wives-and-death |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171028043805/https://www.speakingtree.in/allslides/real-truth-about-chandragupta-maurya-his-birth-his-real-wives-and-death |archive-date= 28 October 2017 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> | ||
* In 2018, a television series called ''[[Chandragupt Maurya (2018 TV Series)|Chandragupta Maurya]]'' portrays the life of Chandragupta Maurya.<ref>{{cite news |title='Chandraguta Maurya' to launch in November on Sony TV |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/chandragupta-maurya-to-launch-in-november-on-sony-tv/ |access-date=18 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113170050/https://www.bizasialive.com/chandragupta-maurya-to-launch-in-november-on-sony-tv/ |archive-date=13 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> | *In 2018, a television series called ''[[Chandragupt Maurya (2018 TV Series)|Chandragupta Maurya]]'' portrays the life of Chandragupta Maurya.<ref>{{cite news |title='Chandraguta Maurya' to launch in November on Sony TV |url=https://www.bizasialive.com/chandragupta-maurya-to-launch-in-november-on-sony-tv/ |access-date=18 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113170050/https://www.bizasialive.com/chandragupta-maurya-to-launch-in-november-on-sony-tv/ |archive-date=13 November 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ||
*He is a leader of the Indian civilization in the ''[[Civilization VI: Rise and Fall|Rise and Fall]]'' expansion of the [[4X]] video game [[Civilization VI]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://civilization.com/news/entries/civilization-vi-rise-and-fall-chandragupta-leads-india/|title=Civilization VI – The Official Site {{!}} News {{!}} CIVILIZATION VI: RISE AND FALL - CHANDRAGUPTA LEADS INDIA|website=civilization.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024252/https://civilization.com/news/entries/civilization-vi-rise-and-fall-chandragupta-leads-india/|archive-date=27 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | *He is a leader of the Indian civilization in the ''[[Civilization VI: Rise and Fall|Rise and Fall]]'' expansion of the [[4X]] video game [[Civilization VI]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://civilization.com/news/entries/civilization-vi-rise-and-fall-chandragupta-leads-india/|title=Civilization VI – The Official Site {{!}} News {{!}} CIVILIZATION VI: RISE AND FALL - CHANDRAGUPTA LEADS INDIA|website=civilization.com|language=en|access-date=2018-07-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727024252/https://civilization.com/news/entries/civilization-vi-rise-and-fall-chandragupta-leads-india/|archive-date=27 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
*''[[Nobunaga the Fool]]'', a Japanese stage play and anime, features a character named Chandragupta based on the emperor. | *''[[Nobunaga the Fool]]'', a Japanese stage play and anime, features a character named Chandragupta based on the emperor. | ||
| Line 259: | Line 274: | ||
*[[Shashigupta]] | *[[Shashigupta]] | ||
== Notes == | ==Notes== | ||
{{notelist|30em}} | {{notelist|30em}} | ||
{{reflist|group=note|30em}} | {{reflist|group=note|30em}} | ||
| Line 266: | Line 281: | ||
{{Reflist|30}} | {{Reflist|30}} | ||
== Sources == | ==Sources== | ||
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{{refend}} | {{refend}} | ||
| Line 326: | Line 341: | ||
{{Library resources box}} | {{Library resources box}} | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.34822/page/n3 Maurya and Sunga Art], N R Ray | *[https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.34822/page/n3 Maurya and Sunga Art], N R Ray | ||
{{S-start}} | {{S-start}} | ||