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{{Short description|Austronesian ethnic group of the southern Philippines}}
{{Short description|Austronesian ethnic group of the southern Philippines}}
{{Distinguish|Melanau people}}
{{Distinguish|Maranhão}}
{{redirect-distinguish|Maranao|Maranhão}}
{{about|Maranao people|the language itself|Maranao language|the ethnic group of Borneo|Melanau people|the Bornean language|Melanau language}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2026}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=October 2022}}
{{Use Philippine English|date=October 2022}}
{{Infobox ethnic group
{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = Maranao people
| group            = Maranao people
| image            = Tunog Sayaw 1.jpg
| image            = Maranao performing Singkil.jpg
| native_name      = {{lang|mrw|Bangsa Mëranaw}}<br/>{{lang|mrw-Arab|سباق ماراناو}}
| image_caption    = A group of the Maranao people performing the Singkil dance
| population      = '''1,800,130''' (2020 census)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/ethnicity-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing|title=Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)|publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority|access-date=July 4, 2023}}</ref>
| native_name      = {{lang|mrw|Bangsa Mëranaw}}<br />
|regions   = {{flagcountry|PHI}}<br/>{{smaller|([[Bangsamoro]], [[Soccsksargen]], [[Zamboanga Peninsula]], [[Northern Mindanao]], [[Metro Manila|Manila]], [[Metro Cebu|Cebu]])}}<br/>
{{Script/Arabic|ماراناو}}
|languages = '''Native'''<br>[[Maranao language|Maranao]]<br>'''Also'''<br>[[Filipino language|Filipino]]{{•}}[[Philippine English|English]]
| native_name_lang = mrw
| rels            = Predominantly [[Sunni Islam]]  
| total            = '''1,800,130'''
| related          = [[Iranun people|Iranun]], [[Maguindanao people|Maguindanao]], [[Tiruray people|Tiruray]]<br />[[Lumad]], [[Tausūg people|Tausūg]], [[Visayans|Visayan]],<br />other Moros,<br />other [[Filipinos]],<br />other [[Austronesian people]]s
| total_year      = 2020 census
| total_source    = Census
| total_ref        = <ref name="census">{{cite web|url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/ethnicity-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing|title=Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)|publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority|access-date=July 4, 2023}}</ref>
| regions         = {{flagcountry|PHI}}<br />
{{smaller|([[Bangsamoro]], [[Soccsksargen]], [[Zamboanga Peninsula]], [[Northern Mindanao]], [[Metro Manila|Manila]], [[Metro Cebu|Cebu]])}}
| region1          = [[Lanao del Sur]]
| pop1            = 1,114,765
| ref1            = <ref name="census" />
| region2          = [[Lanao del Norte]]
| pop2            = 325,804
| ref2            = <ref name="census" />
| region3          = [[Metro Manila]]
| pop3            = 81,523
| ref3            = <ref name="census" />
| region4          = [[Iligan City]]
| pop4            = 39,980
| ref4            = <ref name="census" />
| region5          = [[Davao City]]
| pop5            = 18,545
| ref5            = <ref name="census" />
| region6          = [[General Santos City]]
| pop6            = 10,065
| ref6            = <ref name="census" />
| languages       = '''Native'''<br>[[Maranao language|Maranao]]<br>'''Also'''<br>[[Filipino language|Filipino]]{{•}}[[Cebuano language|Cebuano]]{{•}}[[Philippine English|English]]
| rels            = [[Sunni Islam]]
| related          = [[Iranun people|Iranun]], [[Maguindanao people|Maguindanaon]], [[Tiruray people|Tiruray]]<br />[[Lumad]], [[Tausūg people|Tausūg]], [[Visayans|Visayan]],<br />other Moros,<br />other [[Filipinos]],<br />other [[Austronesian people]]s
}}
}}


The '''Maranao people''' (<small>Maranao</small>: ['mәranaw]; [[Filipino language|Filipino]]: ''Maranaw''<ref>[http://www.kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Ortograpiyang-Pambansa1.pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012055004/http://www.kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Ortograpiyang-Pambansa1.pdf|date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>), also spelled '''Meranao''', '''Maranaw''', and '''Mëranaw''', is a predominantly [[Muslim]] [[Filipino people|Filipino]] [[ethnic groups of the Philippines|ethnic group]] native to the region around [[Lanao Lake]] in the island of [[Mindanao]]. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic literature, the [[Singkil|Darangen]]. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the [[Iranun]], and [[Maguindanao]], all three groups being denoted as speaking [[Danao languages]] and giving name to the island of [[Mindanao]]. They are grouped with other [[Moro people]] due to their shared religion.
The '''Maranao people''' ({{Langx|mrw|Bangsa Mëranaw}}, [[Jawi script|Jawi]]: {{Script/Arabic|ماراناو}}; {{Langx|fil|mga Maranaw}}<ref>[http://www.kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Ortograpiyang-Pambansa1.pdf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012055004/http://www.kwf.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/Ortograpiyang-Pambansa1.pdf|date=October 12, 2013}}</ref>), also spelled '''Meranaw''', '''Maranaw''', and '''Mëranaw''', is a predominantly [[Muslim Filipino]] and [[Austronesian peoples|Austronesian]] ethnic group native to the region around [[Lanao Lake]] in the island of [[Mindanao]]. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic literature, the [[Darangen]]. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the [[Iranun people]] and [[Maguindanao people]], all three groups being denoted speaking [[Danao languages]] and giving name to the island of [[Mindanao]]. They are grouped with other [[Moro people]] due to their shared religion.
 
==Etymology==
{{See also|Iranun people|Maguindanao people}}


== Maranao ==
{{See also|Iranun people}}
The name "Maranao" (also spelled "Mëranaw", or "Maranaw") means "people of the lake" (''lanaw'' or ''ranaw'', [[Archaism|archaic]] ''danaw'', means "lake" in the [[Maranao language]]). This is in reference to [[Lake Lanao]], the predominant geographic feature of the ancestral homeland of the Maranao people.<ref name="Hamilton">{{cite book |last1=Hamilton |first1=Roy W. |title=From the rainbow's varied hue: textiles of the southern Philippines |date=1998 |publisher=UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History |isbn=9780930741648 |page=135}}</ref>
The name "Maranao" (also spelled "Mëranaw", or "Maranaw") means "people of the lake" (''lanaw'' or ''ranaw'', [[Archaism|archaic]] ''danaw'', means "lake" in the [[Maranao language]]). This is in reference to [[Lake Lanao]], the predominant geographic feature of the ancestral homeland of the Maranao people.<ref name="Hamilton">{{cite book |last1=Hamilton |first1=Roy W. |title=From the rainbow's varied hue: textiles of the southern Philippines |date=1998 |publisher=UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History |isbn=9780930741648 |page=135}}</ref>


The original [[endonym]] of the ancestral Maranao is believed to be "Iranaoan".<ref name="Lobel"/><ref name="Baradas"/> This group later diverged, resulting in the modern [[Maguindanao people|Maguindanao]] and the [[Iranun people]] (whose names can also be translated to "people of the lake"),<ref name="Campbell">{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Gwyn |title=Bondage and the Environment in the Indian Ocean World |date=2018 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319700281 |page=84}}</ref> while the ancestral Iranaoan who stayed in Lake Lanao became known as the Maranao. These three ethnic groups are still related to each other, share similar cultures and speak languages belonging to the [[Danao languages|Danao language family]].<ref name="Lobel">{{cite journal |last1=Lobel |first1=Jason William |last2=Riwarung |first2=Labi Hadji Sarip |title=Maranao Revisited: An Overlooked Consonant Contrast and its Implications for Lexicography and Grammar |journal=Oceanic Linguistics |date=2009 |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=403–438 |jstor=40783537 |doi=10.1353/ol.0.0040 |s2cid=145549504 }}</ref><ref name="Baradas">{{cite journal |last1=Baradas |first1=David B. |title=Some Implications of the Okir Motif in Lanao and Sulu Art |journal=Asian Studies |date=1968 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=129–168 |s2cid=27892222 |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a0c6/f00b5177734d5e7c759472881541b0c37b52.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129181535/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a0c6/f00b5177734d5e7c759472881541b0c37b52.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 29, 2019 }}</ref>
The original [[endonym]] of the ancestral Maranao is believed to be "Iranaoan".<ref name="Lobel" /><ref name="Baradas" /> This group later diverged, resulting in the modern [[Maguindanao people|Maguindanaon]] and the [[Iranun people]] (whose names can also be translated to "people of the lake"),<ref name="Campbell">{{cite book |last1=Campbell |first1=Gwyn |title=Bondage and the Environment in the Indian Ocean World |date=2018 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319700281 |page=84}}</ref> while the ancestral Iranaoan who stayed in Lake Lanao became known as the Maranao. These three ethnic groups are still related to each other, share similar cultures and speak languages belonging to the [[Danao languages|Danao language family]].<ref name="Lobel">{{cite journal |last1=Lobel |first1=Jason William |last2=Riwarung |first2=Labi Hadji Sarip |title=Maranao Revisited: An Overlooked Consonant Contrast and its Implications for Lexicography and Grammar |journal=Oceanic Linguistics |date=2009 |volume=48 |issue=2 |pages=403–438 |jstor=40783537 |doi=10.1353/ol.0.0040 |s2cid=145549504 }}</ref><ref name="Baradas">{{cite journal |last1=Baradas |first1=David B. |title=Some Implications of the Okir Motif in Lanao and Sulu Art |journal=Asian Studies |date=1968 |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=129–168 |s2cid=27892222 |url=https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a0c6/f00b5177734d5e7c759472881541b0c37b52.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129181535/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a0c6/f00b5177734d5e7c759472881541b0c37b52.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 29, 2019 }}</ref>
<!--The lake goer called as Maranao in due time settlements of the "[[Pat a pongampong a ranao|''Pat a Pongampong a Ranao'']]" or "Four Genealogical Division of Lanao" by four descendants namely "'''Batara a Kilatun'''" of Masiu, '''"Dimaampao Kalinan'''" of Bayabao, "'''Butuanun Kalinan'''" of Unayan, and "'''Bato Lokongan'''" of Baloi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/knowing-the-maranao-a-research-on-maranao-ways-of-life-and-cultural-heritage/oclc/30713300|title=Knowing The Maranao|last=Cayongcat|first=Atti|publisher=Scorpio Printing, 1986.|year=1989|location=Iligan City|pages=12-13|oclc=30713300}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://alkamellibrary.wordpress.com/2019/02/25/maranao-progenitors/|title=Maranao Progenitors|last=Saaduddin|first=Deh|date=February 25, 2019|work=Alkamel Library Philippines}}</ref>
<!--The lake goer called as Maranao in due time settlements of the "[[Pat a pongampong a ranao|''Pat a Pongampong a Ranao'']]" or "Four Genealogical Division of Lanao" by four descendants namely "'''Batara a Kilatun'''" of Masiu, '''"Dimaampao Kalinan'''" of Bayabao, "'''Butuanun Kalinan'''" of Unayan, and "'''Bato Lokongan'''" of Baloi.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/knowing-the-maranao-a-research-on-maranao-ways-of-life-and-cultural-heritage/oclc/30713300|title=Knowing The Maranao|last=Cayongcat|first=Atti|publisher=Scorpio Printing, 1986.|year=1989|location=Iligan City|pages=12-13|oclc=30713300}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://alkamellibrary.wordpress.com/2019/02/25/maranao-progenitors/|title=Maranao Progenitors|last=Saaduddin|first=Deh|date=February 25, 2019|work=Alkamel Library Philippines}}</ref>


The ancient people in Mainland Mindanao were called Iranun, also spelled Iranon,<ref name="Iranun">{{cite web| url=http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft0199n64c&chunk.id=d0e442&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e403&brand=eschol| title=Muslim Rulers and Rebels (Chapter 2 People and Territory in Cotabato)| publisher=University of California Press| access-date=March 19, 2012}}</ref> of the coastal area of [[Illana Bay]] (Ilian in Maranao) and Iranaon (the people in Bembaran/ [[Amai Manabilang|Bumbaran]] or ''[[Bukidnon]]'' and [[Lake Lanao|Kiaranda a Ragata Tiongcopa Layagen]], in local language).-->
The ancient people in Mainland Mindanao were called Iranun, also spelled Iranon,<ref name="Iranun">{{cite web| url=http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft0199n64c&chunk.id=d0e442&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e403&brand=eschol| title=Muslim Rulers and Rebels (Chapter 2 People and Territory in Cotabato)| publisher=University of California Press| access-date=March 19, 2012}}</ref> of the coastal area of [[Illana Bay]] (Ilian in Maranao) and Iranaon (the people in Bembaran/ [[Amai Manabilang|Bumbaran]] or ''[[Bukidnon]]'' and [[Lake Lanao|Kiaranda a Ragata Tiongcopa Layagen]], in local language).-->


==Sultanate of Lanao==
==Confederate States of Lanao==
{{Main|Lanao Sultanate|Sultanate of Maguindanao|Iranun people}}
{{Main|Confederate States of Lanao|Sultanate of Maguindanao|Iranun people}}
[[File:ConfederateStatesOfLanao1616.png|thumb|220x220px|Map of the Confederate States of Lanao (1616-1904), with the State of Unayan colored in yellow, the State of Masiu in red, the State of Bayabao in pink, and the State of Baloi in blue.]]


The Maranao were the last of the Muslims of the Southern Philippines undergoing [[Islamization|islamicization]], primarily under the influence of the [[Sultanate of Maguindanao|Maguindanao Sultanate]].
The Maranao were the last of the Muslims of the Southern Philippines undergoing [[Islamization]], primarily under the influence of the Arab-Malay missionaries like [[Sharif Kabungsuwan]] and other from [[Borneo]].


Like neighboring [[Moro people|Moros]] and [[Lumad|Lumadnon]], during the nominal occupation of the Philippines by the Spanish, and later the American and the Japanese, the Maranao had tribal leaders called ''datu''. In the 16th century, upon the arrival of [[Islam]], they developed into a kingdom with a [[Sultan]] due to the influence of Muslim missionaries.
Like neighboring [[Moro people|Moros]] and the [[Lumad]]s, during the nominal occupation of the Philippines by the Spanish, and later the American and the Japanese, the Maranao had tribal leaders called ''datu''. In the 16th century, upon the arrival of [[Islam]], they developed into kingdoms with [[sultan]]s due to the influence of Muslim missionaries.


==Culture==
==Culture==
[[File:Lake Lanao zoom.jpg|thumb|right|The shores of Lake Lanao
[[File:Lake Lanao zoom.jpg|thumb|The shores of Lake Lanao is the center of Maranao society.]]
is the center of Maranao society]]
 
Maranao culture can be characterized by:
Maranao culture can be characterized by:
 
* [[Lake Lanao]]
*[[Lake Lanao]]
* [[Sarimanok]] (''Papanoka a Məra'' or ''[[Dove (bird)|Marapatik]]'')
*[[Sarimanok]] (''Papanoka a Məra'' or [[Dove (bird)|''Marapatik'']])
* [[Torogan]], Maranao royal houses, where the architecture used is the most aesthetic in the Philippines
*[[Torogan]], Maranao royal houses, where the architecture used is the most aesthetic in the Philippines
* Darangən, an epic [[UNESCO]] [[Intangible cultural heritage]]
*Darangən, an epic [[UNESCO]] [[Intangible cultural heritage]]
* Kirim, pre-Hispanic handwriting based from [[Arabic]] letters with 19 consonants and 7 vowels
*Kirim, pre-Hispanic handwriting based from [[Arabic]] letters with 19 consonants and 7 vowels
* [[Singkil]], a Philippine dance based on a scene from the ''Darangən''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzhoWsVElXo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6JVSMSIYn4</ref>
*[[Singkil]], a Philippine dance based on a scene from the ''Darangən''<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzhoWsVElXo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6JVSMSIYn4</ref>
* [[Okir]] wood and metal carvings
*[[Okir]] wood and metal carvings
* Kapmorod and Kakhalilang with [[Flag|Sambolayang and Pasandalan a Morog]] and Marigay for Kazipa sa Manggis
*Kapmorod and Kakhalilang with [[Flag|Sambolayang and Pasandalan a Morog]] and Marigay for Kazipa sa Manggis
* Kaplagod (racing horses)
*Kaplagod (racing horses)
* Tabo, a drum used in mosques to call worshippers to prayer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Ethno/Drum.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 28, 2021 |archive-date=June 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628163314/https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Ethno/Drum.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
*Tabo, a drum used in mosques to call worshippers to prayer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Ethno/Drum.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=June 28, 2021 |archive-date=June 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210628163314/https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Ethno/Drum.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>


Maranao culture is centered around Lake Lanao, the largest [[lake]] in Mindanao, and second-largest and deepest lake in the Philippines. Lanao is the subject of various myths and legends. It supports a major fishery, and powers the [[Lake Lanao|hydroelectric plant]] installed on it; the Agus River system generates 70% of the electricity used by the people of Mindanao. A commanding view of the lake is offered by Marawi City, the provincial capital.
Maranao culture is centered around Lake Lanao, the largest [[lake]] in Mindanao, and second-largest and deepest lake in the Philippines. Lanao is the subject of various myths and legends. It supports a major fishery, and powers the [[Lake Lanao|hydroelectric plant]] installed on it; the Agus River system generates 70% of the electricity used by the people of Mindanao. A commanding view of the lake is offered by Marawi City, the provincial capital.
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===Visual arts===
===Visual arts===
{{Main|Okir|Tugaya}}
{{Main|Okir|Tugaya}}
<gallery>
<gallery>
File:Mindanao Bangsamoro Islamic Art - 24556180573.jpg|alt=|Woodcarving of the [[Sarimanok]] with ''okir'' motifs
File:Mindanao Bangsamoro Islamic Art - 24556180573.jpg|alt=|Woodcarving of the [[Sarimanok]] with ''okir'' motifs
File:Food jar (gadur), Mindanao, Maranao, brass with silver inlay, Honolulu Academy of Arts.JPG|alt=|''Gadur'' jar with silver inlay
File:Food jar (gadur), Mindanao, Maranao, brass with silver inlay, Honolulu Academy of Arts.JPG|alt=|''Gadur'' jar with silver inlay
</gallery>[[Sarimanok]], [[Peacock|Papanok a '''"'''Məra'''"''']] or [[Dove (bird)|''"Marapatik"'']] is a legendary bird of the Maranao that is a ubiquitous symbol of their art. It is depicted as a [[Green peafowl|Hoodhud]] <small>(</small>Arabic<small>)</small> with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head of Sarimanok is like the head of a [[Hoopoe]] (Balalatoc in maranaw) and is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf and spiral motifs (''[[okir]]''). It is a symbol of good fortune.<ref name="art">{{cite web| url=http://www.ph.net/htdocs/education/sarimanok.htm| title=Sari-Manok| publisher=Philippines Art and Culture| access-date=October 21, 2010}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="art1">{{cite web| author=Madale, Nagasura T.| date=February 7, 2010| url=http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the-1| title=Recipe in the Life of the Maranao By: Nagasura T. Madale, PhD. -Part 2| work=Kalopindo| publisher=Aratawata Website| access-date=October 22, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183618/http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the-1| archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref>
</gallery>[[Sarimanok]], [[Peacock|Papanok a '''"'''Məra'''"''']] or ''[[Dove (bird)|"Marapatik"]]'' is a legendary bird of the Maranao that is a ubiquitous symbol of their art. It is depicted as a [[Green peafowl|Hoodhud]] <small>(</small>Arabic<small>)</small> with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head of Sarimanok is like the head of a [[Hoopoe]] (Balalatoc in maranaw) and is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf and spiral motifs (''[[okir]]''). It is a symbol of good fortune.<ref name="art">{{cite web| url=http://www.ph.net/htdocs/education/sarimanok.htm| title=Sari-Manok| publisher=Philippines Art and Culture| access-date=October 21, 2010}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name="art1">{{cite web| author=Madale, Nagasura T.| date=February 7, 2010| url=http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the-1| title=Recipe in the Life of the Maranao By: Nagasura T. Madale, PhD. -Part 2| work=Kalopindo| publisher=Aratawata Website| access-date=October 22, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183618/http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the-1| archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref>


The Maranao have also developed their own adaptation of the ''[[Ramayana]]'' epic, the ''[[Maharadia Lawana]]''. They also have a traditional dance, the [[Singkil]], which was based on another local Ramayana adaptation, the ''Darangən''.
The Maranao have also developed their own adaptation of the ''[[Ramayana]]'' epic, the ''[[Maharadia Lawana]]''. They also have a traditional dance, the [[Singkil]], which was based on another local Ramayana adaptation, the ''Darangən''.


==== Architecture ====
====Architecture====
Traditional Maranao architecture, like elsewhere in the [[Philippines]] and at large [[maritime Southeast Asia]], follows the Austronesian framework of wooden structures on piles, divided in three tiers pertaining to social class:''[[torogan]]'' of royalty, ''mala a walay'' of lesser nobility, and the common ''lawig'' analogous to the ''bahay kubo''.  
Traditional Maranao architecture, like elsewhere in the [[Philippines]] and at large [[maritime Southeast Asia]], follows the Austronesian framework of wooden structures on piles, divided in three tiers pertaining to social class: ''[[torogan]]'' of royalty, ''mala a walay'' of lesser nobility, and the common ''lawig'' analogous to the ''bahay kubo''.


===Music and performing arts===
===Music and performing arts===
{{Main|Kulintang}}
{{Main|Kulintang}}
[[File:National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka - Kolintang - Maranao people in Philippines - Collected in 2002.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Kulintang]] ensemble at the [[National Museum of Ethnology (Japan)|National Museum of Ethnology]] in [[Suita, Osaka|Osaka]].]]  
[[File:National Museum of Ethnology, Osaka - Kolintang - Maranao people in Philippines - Collected in 2002.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Kulintang]] ensemble at the [[National Museum of Ethnology (Japan)|National Museum of Ethnology]] in [[Suita, Osaka|Osaka]].]]
 
Maranao [[kulintang]] music is a type of a [[gong]] music. [[Kulintang a putao|Sarunaay]] is also found among both Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines. [[Kubing|Kobbing]] is a Maranao instrument and [[Flute|Biyula]] is another popular Instrument. Biyula is a string instrument. In 2005, the Darangen Epic of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao was selected by [[UNESCO]] as a [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity|Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]].
Maranao [[kulintang]] music is a type of a [[gong]] music. [[Kulintang a putao|Sarunaay]] is also found among both Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines. [[Kubing|Kobbing]] is a Maranao instrument and [[Flute|Biyula]] is another popular Instrument. Biyula is a string instrument. In 2005, the Darangen Epic of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao was selected by [[UNESCO]] as a [[Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity|Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity]].


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Dishes are intertwined with important cultural rituals across all aspects of Maranao culture: from birth to death.<ref name="cuisine1">{{cite web| author=Madale, Nagasura T.| date=February 6, 2010| url=http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the| title=Recipe in the Life of the Maranao By: Nagasura T. Madale, PhD. -Part 1| work=Kalopindo| publisher=Aratawata Website| access-date=October 21, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183706/http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the| archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref>
Dishes are intertwined with important cultural rituals across all aspects of Maranao culture: from birth to death.<ref name="cuisine1">{{cite web| author=Madale, Nagasura T.| date=February 6, 2010| url=http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the| title=Recipe in the Life of the Maranao By: Nagasura T. Madale, PhD. -Part 1| work=Kalopindo| publisher=Aratawata Website| access-date=October 21, 2010| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714183706/http://aratawata.ning.com/profiles/blogs/recipe-in-the-life-of-the| archive-date=July 14, 2011}}</ref>


=== Social structure ===
===Social structure===
Traditionally, Maranao society is divided into two strata. Namely, ''mapiyatao'' (pure) and ''kasilidan'' (mixed blood). ''kasilidan'' is further subdivided into categories which are as follows; ''sarowang'' (non-Maranao), ''balbal'' (beast), ''dagamot'' (Sorcerer/Sorceress) and ''bisaya'' (Slave). The ''mapiyatao'' are natives entitled to ascend to thrones by pure royal bloodline. On the other hand, the ''kasilidan'' are natives suspected of mixed bloodline. However, due to the changes brought by time, these social strata are beginning to decline due to the rise of wealth of each and every Maranao families.
Traditionally, Maranao society is divided into two strata. Namely, ''mapiyatao'' (pure) and ''kasilidan'' (mixed blood). ''kasilidan'' is further subdivided into categories which are as follows; ''sarowang'' (non-Maranao), ''balbal'' (beast), ''dagamot'' (Sorcerer/Sorceress) and ''bisaya'' (Slave). The ''mapiyatao'' are natives entitled to ascend to thrones by pure royal bloodline. On the other hand, the ''kasilidan'' are natives suspected of mixed bloodline. However, due to the changes brought by time, these social strata are beginning to decline due to the improving economic conditions of most Maranao families.
 
===Economy===
The Maranao historically engaged in fishing and farming, cultivating crops such as [[Paddy field|wet rice]], corn, and sweet potatoes. Local crafts such as textiles and woodcarvings are popular and sold throughout the country.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gowing |first=Peter G. |url=https://books.google.com/books/about/Muslim_Filipinos.html?id=It9DAbGBYZUC&hl=en |title=Muslim Filipinos: Heritage and Horizon |date=1979 |publisher=New Day Publishers |isbn=978-971-10-0239-8 |page=8}}</ref>


==Demographics==
==Demographics==
[[File:Peoples of the Philippines en.svg|thumb|200px|The Maranao people are shown in chocolate brown in this map.]]
[[File:Peoples of the Philippines en.svg|thumb|200px|The Maranao people are shown in chocolate brown in this map.]]
Maranaos number 1,354,542 in 2010, representing 1.47% of the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/PHIILIPPINES_FINAL%20PDF.pdf|title=2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A: Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables) - Philippines|publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority|access-date=May 19, 2020}}</ref> Along with the Iranun and Maguindanao, the Maranao are one of three, related, indigenous groups native to Mindanao. These groups share genes, linguistic and cultural ties to non-Muslim Lumad groups such as the [[Tiruray people|Tiruray]] or [[Subanon people|Subanon]]. Maranao royals have varied infusions of Arab, Indian, Malay, and Chinese ancestry.


== Language ==
Maranaos number 1,800,000 in 2020, representing 1.65% of the population.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/PHIILIPPINES_FINAL%20PDF.pdf|title=2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A: Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables) - Philippines|publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority|access-date=May 19, 2020}}</ref> Along with the Iranun and Maguindanao, the Maranao are one of three, related, indigenous groups native to Mindanao. These groups share genes, linguistic and cultural ties to non-Muslim Lumad groups such as the [[Tiruray people|Tiruray]] or [[Subanon people|Subanon]]. Maranao royals have varied infusions of Arab, Indian, Malay, and Chinese ancestry
 
==Language==
{{Main|Maranao language}}
{{Main|Maranao language}}
[[Maranao language|Maranao]] is an [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian language]] spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur.<ref name="language1">{{cite web |title=Welcome |url=http://maranao.info/phonemes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006200720/http://maranao.info/phonemes.html |archive-date=October 6, 2010 |access-date=October 21, 2010 |publisher=Learn Maranao Language Website }}</ref> Because of the mass influx of [[Cebuano people|Cebuano]] migrants to Mindanao, many Maranaos are also fluent in Cebuano.


[[Arabic language|Arabic]], a [[Central Semitic language]], is spoken by a minority of the Moro people, as it is the [[liturgical language]] of [[Islam in the Philippines|Islam]]. Most Maranaos, however, do not know Arabic beyond its religious use.
[[Maranao language|Maranao]] is an [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian language]] spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur.<ref name="language1">{{cite web |title=Welcome |url=http://maranao.info/phonemes.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101006200720/http://maranao.info/phonemes.html |archive-date=October 6, 2010 |access-date=October 21, 2010 |publisher=Learn Maranao Language Website }}</ref> Because of the mass influx of [[Cebuano people|Cebuano]] migrants to Mindanao, many Maranaos are also fluent in Cebuano. Tagalog is also spoken by the Maranaos, which ranks second among its native language, along with English, and Arabic due to its importance to [[Islam]] and Maranao culture.


==Notable Maranaos==
==Notable Maranaos==
* [[Sultan Topaan Disomimba]] is a Traditional Leader, the Chairman of the 16 Royal Houses of Lanao and a long time Mayor in the town of Tamparan, Lanao del Sur.
* [[Abdullah Maute]], a jihadist and co-founder of the [[Maute group]] and a brother of [[Omar Maute]].
* [[Omar Maute]], a jihadist and co-founder of the Maute group and a brother of [[Abdullah Maute]].
* [[Saidamen Pangarungan]], a lawyer, businessman, and former chairman of [[COMELEC]] and [[National Commission on Muslim Filipinos]].
* [[Japar Dimaampao]] is a present Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
* [[Japar Dimaampao]] is a present Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
* [[Mamintal A.J. Tamano]] was a Filipino statesman and a former Senator of the Philippines.
* [[Mamintal A.J. Tamano]] was a Filipino statesman and a former Senator of the Philippines.
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* [[Mamintal Alonto Adiong Jr.]] is the present governor of the Province of Lanao del Sur.
* [[Mamintal Alonto Adiong Jr.]] is the present governor of the Province of Lanao del Sur.
* [[Abul Khayr Alonto]] is a Filipino businessman and lawyer and a former Moro freedom fighter. He once became the chairman of the [[Moro National Liberation Front]].
* [[Abul Khayr Alonto]] is a Filipino businessman and lawyer and a former Moro freedom fighter. He once became the chairman of the [[Moro National Liberation Front]].
* [[Dimasangcay Pundato]] is a former Moro revolutionary leader and current undersecretary of the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process. He served as the Secretary of the now defunt Office on Muslim affairs (NCMF) for 2 straight administrations.  
* [[Dimasangcay Pundato]] is a former Moro revolutionary leader and current undersecretary of the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process. He served as the Secretary of the now defunct Office on Muslim affairs (NCMF) for 2 straight administrations.
* [[Samira Gutoc-Tomawis]] is a Filipino civic leader, journalist, environment and women's rights advocate, and legislator[1] who has served as member of the Regional Legislative Assembly of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and a member of the Bangsamoro Transition Commission which was tasked to draft the Bangsamoro Basic Law.
* [[Samira Gutoc-Tomawis]] is a Filipino civic leader, journalist, environment and women's rights advocate, and legislator[1] who has served as member of the Regional Legislative Assembly of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and a member of the Bangsamoro Transition Commission which was tasked to draft the Bangsamoro Basic Law.
*[[Moh Saaduddin]] was a journalist, peace advocate, and provincial information officer of the province of [[Maguindanao]].
== See also ==
[[Maranao language]]


==See also==
* [[Maranao language]]
* [[Iranun people]]
* [[Iranun people]]
 
* [[Lanao del Sur]]
[[Lanao del Sur]]
 
* [[Lake Lanao]]
* [[Lake Lanao]]
 
* [[Confederate States of Lanao]]
[[Confederate States of Lanao]]
 
* [[Sultanate of Maguindanao]]
* [[Sultanate of Maguindanao]]
 
* [[Ethnic groups in the Philippines]]
[[Ethnic groups in the Philippines]]
* [[Moro people]]s
 
* [[Moro people|Moro peoples]]
** [[Iranun people]]
** [[Iranun people]]
** [[Maguindanao people]]
** [[Maguindanao people]]
* [[Lumad]]
* [[Lumad]]


==Notes and references==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070519130534/http://litera1no4.tripod.com/maranaw_frame.html Maranao]
{{commons category}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100901023457/http://www.maranao.com/ Maranao Online]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070519130534/http://litera1no4.tripod.com/maranaw_frame.html Maranao]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110129071314/http://ranaw.com/content/view/1/36/ Ranao], Ranao (Lake) terms for Lanao del Sur.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110129071314/http://ranaw.com/content/view/1/36/ Ranao], Ranao (Lake) terms for Lanao del Sur


{{MoroPeoplesmall}}
{{MoroPeoplesmall}}
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in Mindanao]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups in Mindanao]]
[[Category:Islam in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Islam in the Philippines]]
[[Category:Muslim communities of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Muslim ethnic groups of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Moro ethnic groups]]
[[Category:Moro ethnic groups]]

Latest revision as of 05:53, 22 March 2026


Not to be confused with Maranhão.
This article is about Maranao people. For the language itself, see Maranao language. For the ethnic group of Borneo, see Melanau people. For the Bornean language, see Melanau language.

Template:Use Philippine English

Maranao people
Bangsa Mëranaw

{{safesubst:ifsubst|1=|2= Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.}ماراناو</

span>‎
A group of the Maranao people performing the Singkil dance
Total population
1,800,130[1] (2020 census)
Regions with significant populations
 Philippines
(Bangsamoro, Soccsksargen, Zamboanga Peninsula, Northern Mindanao, Manila, Cebu)
Lanao del Sur1,114,765[1]
Lanao del Norte325,804[1]
Metro Manila81,523[1]
Iligan City39,980[1]
Davao City18,545[1]
General Santos City10,065[1]
Languages
Native
Maranao
Also
Filipino • Cebuano • English
Religion
Sunni Islam
Related ethnic groups
Iranun, Maguindanaon, Tiruray
Lumad, Tausūg, Visayan,
other Moros,
other Filipinos,
other Austronesian peoples

The Maranao people (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., Jawi: {{safesubst:ifsubst|1=|2= Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.}ماراناو</ span>‎

Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.[2]), also spelled Meranaw, Maranaw, and Mëranaw, is a predominantly Muslim Filipino and Austronesian ethnic group native to the region around Lanao Lake in the island of Mindanao. They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic literature, the Darangen. They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the Iranun people and Maguindanao people, all three groups being denoted speaking Danao languages and giving name to the island of Mindanao. They are grouped with other Moro people due to their shared religion.

Etymology[edit | edit source]

See also: Iranun people and Maguindanao people

The name "Maranao" (also spelled "Mëranaw", or "Maranaw") means "people of the lake" (lanaw or ranaw, archaic danaw, means "lake" in the Maranao language). This is in reference to Lake Lanao, the predominant geographic feature of the ancestral homeland of the Maranao people.[3]

The original endonym of the ancestral Maranao is believed to be "Iranaoan".[4][5] This group later diverged, resulting in the modern Maguindanaon and the Iranun people (whose names can also be translated to "people of the lake"),[6] while the ancestral Iranaoan who stayed in Lake Lanao became known as the Maranao. These three ethnic groups are still related to each other, share similar cultures and speak languages belonging to the Danao language family.[4][5]

Confederate States of Lanao[edit | edit source]

Main articles: Confederate States of Lanao, Sultanate of Maguindanao, and Iranun people
Map of the Confederate States of Lanao (1616-1904), with the State of Unayan colored in yellow, the State of Masiu in red, the State of Bayabao in pink, and the State of Baloi in blue.

The Maranao were the last of the Muslims of the Southern Philippines undergoing Islamization, primarily under the influence of the Arab-Malay missionaries like Sharif Kabungsuwan and other from Borneo.

Like neighboring Moros and the Lumads, during the nominal occupation of the Philippines by the Spanish, and later the American and the Japanese, the Maranao had tribal leaders called datu. In the 16th century, upon the arrival of Islam, they developed into kingdoms with sultans due to the influence of Muslim missionaries.

Culture[edit | edit source]

The shores of Lake Lanao is the center of Maranao society.

Maranao culture can be characterized by:

Maranao culture is centered around Lake Lanao, the largest lake in Mindanao, and second-largest and deepest lake in the Philippines. Lanao is the subject of various myths and legends. It supports a major fishery, and powers the hydroelectric plant installed on it; the Agus River system generates 70% of the electricity used by the people of Mindanao. A commanding view of the lake is offered by Marawi City, the provincial capital.

Visual arts[edit | edit source]

Main articles: Okir and Tugaya
  • Woodcarving of the Sarimanok with okir motifs
  • Gadur jar with silver inlay

Sarimanok, Papanok a "Məra" or "Marapatik" is a legendary bird of the Maranao that is a ubiquitous symbol of their art. It is depicted as a Hoodhud (Arabic) with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head of Sarimanok is like the head of a Hoopoe (Balalatoc in maranaw) and is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf and spiral motifs (okir). It is a symbol of good fortune.[9][10]

The Maranao have also developed their own adaptation of the Ramayana epic, the Maharadia Lawana. They also have a traditional dance, the Singkil, which was based on another local Ramayana adaptation, the Darangən.

Architecture[edit | edit source]

Traditional Maranao architecture, like elsewhere in the Philippines and at large maritime Southeast Asia, follows the Austronesian framework of wooden structures on piles, divided in three tiers pertaining to social class: torogan of royalty, mala a walay of lesser nobility, and the common lawig analogous to the bahay kubo.

Music and performing arts[edit | edit source]

Main article: Kulintang
A Kulintang ensemble at the National Museum of Ethnology in Osaka.

Maranao kulintang music is a type of a gong music. Sarunaay is also found among both Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines. Kobbing is a Maranao instrument and Biyula is another popular Instrument. Biyula is a string instrument. In 2005, the Darangen Epic of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao was selected by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity.

Cuisine[edit | edit source]

Maranao cuisine is spicier compared to most regions elsewhere in the Philippines, a trait largely shared with much of Mindanao. Traditionally cultivated spices, locally known as palapa (Bontang, native product of Gandamatu) are a common condiment.[11] It is made of stewed sakurab scallion bulbs, ginger, and chillies in coconut oil.[12]

Dishes are intertwined with important cultural rituals across all aspects of Maranao culture: from birth to death.[13]

Social structure[edit | edit source]

Traditionally, Maranao society is divided into two strata. Namely, mapiyatao (pure) and kasilidan (mixed blood). kasilidan is further subdivided into categories which are as follows; sarowang (non-Maranao), balbal (beast), dagamot (Sorcerer/Sorceress) and bisaya (Slave). The mapiyatao are natives entitled to ascend to thrones by pure royal bloodline. On the other hand, the kasilidan are natives suspected of mixed bloodline. However, due to the changes brought by time, these social strata are beginning to decline due to the improving economic conditions of most Maranao families.

Economy[edit | edit source]

The Maranao historically engaged in fishing and farming, cultivating crops such as wet rice, corn, and sweet potatoes. Local crafts such as textiles and woodcarvings are popular and sold throughout the country.[14]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

The Maranao people are shown in chocolate brown in this map.

Maranaos number 1,800,000 in 2020, representing 1.65% of the population.[15] Along with the Iranun and Maguindanao, the Maranao are one of three, related, indigenous groups native to Mindanao. These groups share genes, linguistic and cultural ties to non-Muslim Lumad groups such as the Tiruray or Subanon. Maranao royals have varied infusions of Arab, Indian, Malay, and Chinese ancestry

Language[edit | edit source]

Main article: Maranao language

Maranao is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur.[16] Because of the mass influx of Cebuano migrants to Mindanao, many Maranaos are also fluent in Cebuano. Tagalog is also spoken by the Maranaos, which ranks second among its native language, along with English, and Arabic due to its importance to Islam and Maranao culture.

Notable Maranaos[edit | edit source]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved July 4, 2023.
  2. ↑ [1] Archived October 12, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ Hamilton, Roy W. (1998). From the rainbow's varied hue: textiles of the southern Philippines. UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History. p. 135. ISBN 9780930741648.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Lobel, Jason William; Riwarung, Labi Hadji Sarip (2009). "Maranao Revisited: An Overlooked Consonant Contrast and its Implications for Lexicography and Grammar". Oceanic Linguistics. 48 (2): 403–438. doi:10.1353/ol.0.0040. JSTOR 40783537. S2CID 145549504.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Baradas, David B. (1968). "Some Implications of the Okir Motif in Lanao and Sulu Art" (PDF). Asian Studies. 6 (2): 129–168. S2CID 27892222. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 29, 2019.
  6. ↑ Campbell, Gwyn (2018). Bondage and the Environment in the Indian Ocean World. Springer. p. 84. ISBN 9783319700281.
  7. ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzhoWsVElXo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6JVSMSIYn4
  8. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved June 28, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ↑ "Sari-Manok". Philippines Art and Culture. Retrieved October 21, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  10. ↑ Madale, Nagasura T. (February 7, 2010). "Recipe in the Life of the Maranao By: Nagasura T. Madale, PhD. -Part 2". Kalopindo. Aratawata Website. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  11. ↑ Umagang Kay Ganda (July 9, 2013). "Recipe: Maranao dish Chicken Piaparan". ABS-CBN Corporation Website. Retrieved July 9, 2013.
  12. ↑ Rosauro, Ryan (October 17, 2010). "Munai spice may be way out of war for conflict areas". Inquirer Website. Archived from the original on October 23, 2010. Retrieved October 22, 2010.
  13. ↑ Madale, Nagasura T. (February 6, 2010). "Recipe in the Life of the Maranao By: Nagasura T. Madale, PhD. -Part 1". Kalopindo. Aratawata Website. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
  14. ↑ Gowing, Peter G. (1979). Muslim Filipinos: Heritage and Horizon. New Day Publishers. p. 8. ISBN 978-971-10-0239-8.
  15. ↑ "2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A: Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables) - Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  16. ↑ "Welcome". Learn Maranao Language Website. Archived from the original on October 6, 2010. Retrieved October 21, 2010.

External links[edit | edit source]

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