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{{short description|Long-sleeved Middle Eastern robe}}
{{About|the garment worn by men in the [[Arab world]]|the traditional garment worn by women in Palestine|Palestinian thobe}}
{{Redirect|Jubba|the river|Jubba River}}
{{Short description|Long-sleeved Middle Eastern robe}}
{{Redirect|Jubbah|the city|Jubbah, Saudi Arabia|the [[Sudan|Sudanese]] coat|Jibba}}
{{Infobox clothing type
{{more citations needed|date=May 2016}}{{Infobox clothing type|title=Thawb<br/>ثَوْب|image_file=|caption=[[Arabs|Arab]] man wearing a thawb along with [[Keffiyeh]] and [[Agal]]|type=[[Arab clothing]]|material=[[Cotton]] or [[Wool]]|location=[[Arabian Peninsula]]}}
|title=Thawb<br/>{{lang|ar|ثَوْب}}
|image_file=Dishdasha.jpg
|caption=[[Arab]] men wearing ''thobes'' in [[Salalah, Oman]], 2006
|type=[[Robe]]
|material= [[Polyester|Polyester fabric]], [[wool]] or [[cotton]]
|location= [[Arabian Peninsula]], [[Levant]], [[North Africa]]
}}


'''Thawb''' ({{lang-ar|ثَوْب}} "[[wikt:garment|garment]]"), also spelled '''thobe''' or '''tobe''' and known by [[#Name variations|various other names]] in different regions, is an ankle-length [[robe]], usually with long sleeves. It is commonly worn in the [[Arabian Peninsula]]، the [[Middle East]], [[North Africa]], and other neighbouring [[Arab world|Arab countries]], and some countries in East and West Africa. An [[izaar]] is typically worn underneath.
A '''thawb''',{{efn|alternatively spelled '''thobe''', '''thaub''', or '''thob'''}}{{efn|{{langx|ar|ثَوْب|lit=garment}}}} also known as a '''dishdashah'''{{efn|{{Langx|ar|دِشْدَاشَة}}}} or a '''kandura'''{{efn|{{Langx|ar|كَنْدُورَة}}}} in other [[varieties of Arabic]], is a garment traditionally worn by men in the [[Arab world]]. It is a long-sleeved, ankle-length [[robe]] that has regional variations in name and style.<ref>{{cite journal |url= https://aramco.esiteful.com/Compilations/2016/March-April-2016/The-Gown-That-Steals-Your-Heart.html |title=The Gown That Steals Your Heart|first1=Kay Hardy |last1=Campbell|first2= Leela|last2= Corman |journal= Aramco World |date= March–April 2016 |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages= 24–25}}</ref> It can be worn in formal or informal settings, depending on the social and cultural norms in question; thawbs are the main formal attire for men in [[Saudi Arabia]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=14 July 2016 |title=Saudi instructs overseas officials to wear national dress |work=Arabian Business |url=https://www.arabianbusiness.com/gcc/saudi-instructs-overseas-officials-wear-national-dress-638531 |access-date=13 September 2023}}</ref> Outside of the Arab world, the garment has been adopted in a number of [[Muslim world|Muslim-majority areas]], particularly in the [[Islam in South Asia|Indian subcontinent]], where it is commonly referred to as a ''jubbah<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 August 2012 |title=What was Prophet Muhammad's dress like? |url=https://islamqa.org/hanafi/darulifta-deoband/26590/what-was-prophet-muhammad-s-dress-like/ |website=Islam QA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Khirqah |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/khirqah |website=Britannica}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=The journey of Sufism in India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/readersblog/vigilantvoicesandpolitical-perspectives/the-journey-of-sufism-in-india-54964/ |website=Times of India}}</ref>'' and is frequently worn by those who regard it as ''[[sunnah]]'' (i.e., something practiced, spoken, or observed by [[Muhammad]], the founding [[Prophets and messengers in Islam|Islamic prophet]]) due to its modest appearance.<ref>{{Cite web |first= |title=Is the Jubbah a Sunnah? (Darul Uloom Beodand) |url=https://darulifta-deoband.com/home/en/clothing-lifestyle/60508 |website=Darul Ifta, Darul Uloom Deoband}}</ref>


==Etymology==
==Etymology==
The word ''thawb'' (ثَوْب) is the [[Arabic]] word for "[[wikt:garment|garment]]". It is also [[Romanization|romanized]] as ''thobe'' or ''thaub''.
The word ''thawb'' ({{Lang|ar|ثَوْب}}) is a [[Arabic|Standard Arabic]] word for "dress" or "garment". It is also romanized as ''thobe'' or ''thaub'' or ''thob.''<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2023-02-02 |title=Everything You Need To Know About Thobes {{!}} Thobe Encyclopaedia |url=https://al-aniq.com/what-are-thobes/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=Al-Aniq |language=en-US}}</ref>


==Prevalence and regional differences in names and use by gender==
===Name by locality===
 
=== Middle East and North Africa ===
The ''thawb'' is commonly worn by women in the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. It is normally made of [[cotton]], but heavier materials such as [[sheep]]'s [[wool]] can also be used, especially in colder climates in Iraq and Syria.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://char.txa.cornell.edu/islamicclothes.htm |title=Islamic Clothing |last=Jirousek |first=Charlotte |publisher=Charlotte Jirousek |date=2004 |website=Art, Design, and Visual Thinking |access-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref> The style of the thawb varies slightly among the various regions in the area. The sleeves and the collar can be stiffened to give a more formal appearance. Other names may be used for this garment. In [[Iraq]], [[Kuwait]], [[Bilad al-Sham|the Levant]], and [[Oman]], ''dishdashah'' is the most common word for the garment; in the [[United Arab Emirates]] and the [[Maghreb]], the word ''kandura'' is used. The neck also tends to be more open than in its Saudi counterpart and, along with the breast pocket, is often embroidered. It might also lack [[buttons]] altogether.
 
==== Sudan ====
In Sudan, the term ''tobe'' is used to refer to women's outer garments.<ref name="CampbellCorman2016">{{cite journal |url= http://www.aramcoworld.com/en-US/Articles/March-2016/The-Gown-That-Steals-Your-Heart |title=The Gown That Steals Your Heart|first1=Kay Hardy |last1=Campbell|first2= Leela|last2= Corman |journal= Aramco World |date= March–April 2016 |volume=67 |issue=2 |pages= 24–25}}</ref> In her book ''Khartoum at night: Fashion and body politics in imperial Sudan'',<ref>{{Cite book|last=Brown|first=Marie Grace|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/khartoum-at-night-fashion-and-body-politics-in-imperial-sudan/oclc/1113341178|title=Khartoum at night fashion and body politics in imperial Sudan|date=2017|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-1-5036-0152-9|location=Stanford, Calif|language=English|oclc=1113341178}}</ref> [[Cultural history|cultural historian]] Marie Grace Brown explained: "Meaning “bolt of cloth,” a ''tobe'' is a rectangular length of fabric, generally two meters wide and four to seven meters long. It is worn as an outer [[Wrapper (clothing)|wrapper]] whenever women are outside their homes or in the company of unrelated males. The tobe’s origins date back to the late eighteenth century when prosperous merchants in [[Darfur]] clothed their wives and daughters in large swaths of fine imported [[linen]], [[muslin]], and [[silk]] as a sign of their wealth and prestige."<ref>{{Cite web|last=Stanford University Press|title=Start reading Khartoum at Night {{!}} Marie Grace Brown|url=https://www.sup.org/books/extra/?id=25840&i=Introduction.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-06-29|website=sup.org|language=en}}</ref> In the context of urban culture in Sudan since the 1930s, new and often colourful styles of ''tobes'' became fashionable, as Sudanese women "expressed their growing opportunities and desires through fashion."<ref>{{cite web|author=<!--Not stated-->|date=August 9, 2017|title='Khartoum at Night' looks at Sudanese history through fashion|url=https://history.ku.edu/cherry-picked-%E2%80%98khartoum-night%E2%80%99-looks-sudanese-history-through-fashion|access-date=May 25, 2019|website=University of Kansas Department of History|publisher=University of Kansas|quote="expressed their growing opportunities and desires through fashion."|archive-date=May 30, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200530125504/https://history.ku.edu/cherry-picked-%E2%80%98khartoum-night%E2%80%99-looks-sudanese-history-through-fashion|url-status=dead}}</ref>
 
==== Palestine ====
The traditional Palestinian woman's long tunic is also called ''thawb''. This style originated in the early 19th century and is richly embroidered, with different colours and patterns signifying various aspects of the wearer's social position.<ref name="APNews">{{cite news |last=Debre |first=Isabel |date=February 12, 2019 |title=Iconic Palestinian robe fashions a new political symbol |url=https://www.apnews.com/aa8eb954b51644589f0656f6ac2ba5cc |work=AP News |access-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref> Since the Nakba, or [[1948 Palestinian exodus]], the ''thawb'' has also come to represent Palestinian political identity.<ref name="APNews" />
 
==Name variations==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
! Region/country !! Language !! Main
! Region/country !! Language !! Main
|-
|-
| [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Yemen]], [[Bahrain]], [[Qatar]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]|| [[Hejazi Arabic]], [[Najdi Arabic]], [[Bahrani Arabic|Bahraini Arabic]], [[Palestinian Arabic]] || Thawb/Thōb (ثوب)
| [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Yemen]], [[Bahrain]], [[Qatar]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]|| [[Hejazi Arabic]], [[Yemeni Arabic]], [[Najdi Arabic]], [[Bahrani Arabic|Bahraini Arabic]], [[Palestinian Arabic]] || Thawb/Thōb ({{Lang|ar|ثوب}})
|-
|-
| [[Levant]], [[Iraq]], [[Kuwait]], [[Oman]], [[Khuzestan province|Ahwaz]] || [[Levantine Arabic]], [[Mesopotamian Arabic]], [[Omani Arabic]], [[Kuwaiti Arabic]], [[Khuzestani Arabic|Ahwazi Arabic]]|| Dishdāshah (دِشْدَاشَة)
| [[Levant]], [[Iraq]], [[Kuwait]], [[Oman]], [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]], Yemen ([[Hadhramaut]]) || [[Hadhrami Arabic]], [[Levantine Arabic]], [[Mesopotamian Arabic]], [[Omani Arabic]], [[Kuwaiti Arabic]], [[Khuzestani Arabic|Ahvazi Arabic]]|| Dishdashah ({{Lang|ar|دِشْدَاشَة}})
|-
|-
| [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], [[Libya]] || [[Gulf Arabic|Emirati Arabic]], [[Moroccan Arabic]], [[Algerian Arabic]], [[Tunisian Arabic]], [[Libyan Arabic]] || Kandūrah (كَنْدُورَة)/Gandūrah (قَنْدُورَة)
| [[United Arab Emirates]], [[Morocco]], [[Algeria]], [[Tunisia]], [[Libya]], [[Southeast Asia]]|| [[Gulf Arabic|Emirati Arabic]], [[Moroccan Arabic]], [[Algerian Arabic]], [[Tunisian Arabic]], [[Libyan Arabic]] || Kandūrah ({{Lang|ar|كَنْدُورَة}})/ Gandūrah &nbsp;({{Lang|ar|قَنْدُورَة}})
|}
|}


==Other occasions==
==Regional variations==
[[File:COSV_-_Darfur_2008_-_Market.jpg|thumb|Sudanese women in colourful tobes at a market in Darfur, West Sudan]]
[[File:معرض مسقط الدولي للكتاب - نمایشگاه بین المللی کتاب مسقط در کشور عمان 21.jpg|thumb|Omani men wearing ''dishdashas'' at the Muscat International Book Fair, 2017]]
A thawb is sometimes worn with a ''[[Bisht (clothing)|bisht]]'' ({{lang|ar|بِشْت}}), also known in other parts of the [[Arabian Peninsula]] as a ''mishlah'' ({{lang|ar|مِشْلَح}}) or ''ʿabāʾ'' ({{lang|ar|عَبَاء}}), meaning 'cloak'. It is usually worn in ceremonial occasions or by officials. A bisht is usually worn by religious clergy, but can also be worn in weddings, [[Eid al-Fitr|Eids]], and funerals.
The ''thawb'' is commonly worn by men in the [[Arabian Peninsula]]. It is normally made with [[Polyester|polyester fabric]], but heavier materials such as [[sheep's wool]] can also be used, especially in colder climates in the Levant.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://char.txa.cornell.edu/islamicclothes.htm |title=Islamic Clothing |last=Jirousek |first=Charlotte |publisher=Charlotte Jirousek |date=2004 |website=Art, Design, and Visual Thinking |access-date=May 25, 2019}}</ref> The style of the thawb varies between regions. In [[Iraq]], [[Kuwait]], [[Bilad al-Sham|the Levant]], and [[Oman]], ''dishdashah'' is the most common word for the garment; in the [[United Arab Emirates]] and the [[Maghreb]], the word ''kandura'' is used. In Pakistan and other parts of the sub-continent, it is often to referred to as a 'Jubbah' and designed in an ornate style in keeping with local traditions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-11-13 |title=Thobes and Jubbahs from around the World |url=https://azaarya.com/blogs/news/everything-you-need-to-know-about-thobes |access-date=2024-11-13 |website=AZAARYA |language=en}}</ref>
It may indicate a status of wealth and royalty, or sometimes a religious position.
It was originally manufactured in Syria, Iraq and Jordan, and it is usually worn in Arabian peninsula, Jordan, Syria, and parts of southern Iraq.


According to [[H. R. P. Dickson]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Dickson |first= H.R.P. |title=The Arab of the desert : a glimpse into Badawin life in Kuwait and Sau'di Arabia |date= 2015 |oclc=919302946 |location=New York, NY |publisher= Routledge}}</ref> Bedouin women would mount a brightly coloured thawb on a pole in front of a tent in order to welcome home a traveller or an important person coming to visit.<ref name="CampbellCorman2016" />
=== Arabian Peninsula ===
In the Arabian Peninsula, thobes are typically made with white or beige polymer fabric, with coloured wool thobes worn in the winter months.<ref>{{Cite web |last= Nazaqat | first=Umair |title= Polyester vs Cotton Thobes |url= https://newarabia.co.uk/blogs/news/polyester-vs-cotton-thobes |website=newarabia}}</ref> Thobes are commonly worn by men and are considered symbols of national and cultural identity, and are appropriate attire for formal occasions and religious ceremonies. In recent years, the thobes have become a popular fashion item, with many fashion designers adding their own modern twists to the traditional garment.<ref>{{cite journal |url= https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/13441566.0047.013/--omani-mens-national-dress-displaying-personal-taste?rgn=main;view=fulltext |title= Omani Men's National Dress: Displaying Personal Taste, Asserting National Identity |first=Aisa |last=Martinez |journal=Ars Orientalis| date= 2017 |volume=47 |pages= 303–332|doi= 10.3998/ars.13441566.0047.013 }}</ref>


[[Rashida Tlaib]], a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] member of the [[United States House of Representatives]] from [[Michigan]] and the first Palestinian-American woman elected to that body, wore a thawb to her swearing-in ceremony on January 3, 2019.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.vox.com/the-goods/2019/1/3/18166768/rashida-tlaib-ilhan-omar-congress-thobe-hijab |title=Rashida Tlaib's thobe and Ilhan Omar's hijab are making congressional history |first=Rebecca |last= Jennings| newspaper=[[Vox (blogging platform)|Vox]] |date=January 4, 2018}}</ref> This inspired a number of Palestinian and Palestinian-American women to share pictures on social media with the [[hashtag]] #TweetYourThobe.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/03/us/politics/rashida-tlaib-palestinian-thobe.html |title=As Rashida Tlaib Is Sworn In, Palestinian-Americans Respond With #TweetYourThobe |first=Karen |last= Zrarick |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=January 3, 2018}}</ref>
[[File:Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid and Mohammad Al Gergawi during World Government Summit.jpg|thumb|Sheikh [[Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum|Mohammed bin Rashid]] wearing a winter kandura]]
Thawb sleeves and collars can be stiffened to give a more formal appearance, front pockets and embroidery could be added, and [[placket]] buttons can be covered, exposed, or replaced by zippers.<ref>{{Cite web |last= Al Thawb |title= Why the Middle Eastern Thawb is Comfortable and Should be in Every Wardrobe|url= https://althawb.co.uk/al-thawb-blog/why-the-middle-eastern-thawb-is-comfortable-and-should-be-in-every-wardrobe |website= AlThawb.co.uk}}</ref> In the UAE and Oman, men's thobes have no collar, use [[Frog (fastening)|frog closures]] as placket fasteners, and include [[tassel]]s;<ref>{{Cite web |last= Thobe Company |title= Emirati Thobes: A symbol of UAE's rich cultural heritage |url= http://thobecompany.com/emirati-thobes-a-symbol-of-uaes-rich-cultural-heritage-everything-you-need-to-know/ |website=thobecompany.com|date= 18 April 2024 }}</ref> in Oman, tassels tend to be short, and in the UAE tassels extend to the waist.<ref>{{Cite web |last= Thobe Company |title= Emirati Thobes: A Symbol of UAE's Rich Cultural Heritage |url= http://thobecompany.com/emirati-thobes-a-symbol-of-uaes-rich-cultural-heritage-everything-you-need-to-know/ |website=thobecompany.com|date= 18 April 2024 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url= https://quod.lib.umich.edu/a/ars/13441566.0047.013/--omani-mens-national-dress-displaying-personal-taste?rgn=main;view=fulltext |title= Omani Men's National Dress: Displaying Personal Taste, Asserting National Identity |first=Aisa |last=Martinez |journal=Ars Orientalis| date= 2017 |volume=47 |pages= 303–332|doi= 10.3998/ars.13441566.0047.013 }}</ref>


==See also==
==Cultural significance==


* [[Agal (accessory)|Agal]]
A thawb is sometimes worn with a ''[[Bisht (clothing)|bisht]]'' ({{lang|ar|بِشْت}}), also known in other parts of the [[Arabian Peninsula]] as a ''mishlah'' ({{lang|ar|مِشْلَح}}) or ''ʿabāʾ'' ({{lang|ar|عَبَاء}}), meaning 'cloak'. It is usually worn on ceremonial occasions or by officials. A bisht is usually worn by religious clergy, but can also be worn at weddings, [[Eid al-Fitr|Eids]], and funerals.
* [[Bisht (clothing)|Bisht]]
It may indicate wealth and royalty or sometimes a religious position.
* [[Cassock]]
It was originally manufactured in Syria, Iraq, and Jordan, and it is usually worn in the Arabian Peninsula, Jordan, Syria, and parts of southern Iraq.
* [[Fez (hat)|Fez]]
 
* [[Hejazi turban]]
== See also ==
* [[Islam and clothing]]
* [[Izaar]]
* [[Jellabiya]]
* [[Jellabiya]]
* [[Kaftan]]
* [[Palestinian thobe]]
* [[Kanzu]]
* [[Sudanese thobe]]
* [[Keffiyeh]]
 
* [[Kurta]]
==Notes==
* [[Litham]]
{{notelist}}
* [[Shalwar Kameez]]
* [[Sherwani]]
* [[Sirwal]]
* [[Taqiyah (cap)|Taqiyah]]


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}{{Portalbar|Fashion}}


{{Folk costume}}
{{Folk costume}}
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[[Category:Arabic clothing]]
[[Category:Arabic clothing]]
[[Category:Saudi Arabian clothing]]
[[Category:Gowns]]
[[Category:Gowns]]
[[Category:History of Asian clothing]]
[[Category:History of Asian clothing]]
[[Category:Islamic male clothing]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern clothing]]
[[Category:Middle Eastern clothing]]
[[Category:Yemeni clothing]]

Latest revision as of 16:09, 28 March 2026

This article is about the garment worn by men in the Arab world. For the traditional garment worn by women in Palestine, see Palestinian thobe.

{{#cargo_store:_table=Infobox_Clothing_Type|name=|image=|type=Robe|location=Arabian Peninsula, Levant, North Africa }}{| style="width: 30em; font-size: 90%; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; color: black; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 1em; padding: 0.2em; float: right; clear: right; text-align:left;" ! style="text-align: center; background-color:#ccccff;" colspan="2" |Thawb |- ! Name | |- ! Image | |- ! Type | Robe |- ! Place of origin | Arabian Peninsula, Levant, North Africa |}


A thawb,[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2] also known as a dishdashah[lower-alpha 3] or a kandura[lower-alpha 4] in other varieties of Arabic, is a garment traditionally worn by men in the Arab world. It is a long-sleeved, ankle-length robe that has regional variations in name and style.[1] It can be worn in formal or informal settings, depending on the social and cultural norms in question; thawbs are the main formal attire for men in Saudi Arabia.[2] Outside of the Arab world, the garment has been adopted in a number of Muslim-majority areas, particularly in the Indian subcontinent, where it is commonly referred to as a jubbah[3][4][5] and is frequently worn by those who regard it as sunnah (i.e., something practiced, spoken, or observed by Muhammad, the founding Islamic prophet) due to its modest appearance.[6]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The word thawb (ثَوْب) is a Standard Arabic word for "dress" or "garment". It is also romanized as thobe or thaub or thob.[7]

Name by locality[edit | edit source]

Region/country Language Main
Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Bahrain, Qatar, Palestine Hejazi Arabic, Yemeni Arabic, Najdi Arabic, Bahraini Arabic, Palestinian Arabic Thawb/Thōb (ثوب)
Levant, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Khuzestan, Yemen (Hadhramaut) Hadhrami Arabic, Levantine Arabic, Mesopotamian Arabic, Omani Arabic, Kuwaiti Arabic, Ahvazi Arabic Dishdashah (دِشْدَاشَة)
United Arab Emirates, Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Southeast Asia Emirati Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, Algerian Arabic, Tunisian Arabic, Libyan Arabic Kandūrah (كَنْدُورَة)/ Gandūrah  (قَنْدُورَة)

Regional variations[edit | edit source]

Omani men wearing dishdashas at the Muscat International Book Fair, 2017

The thawb is commonly worn by men in the Arabian Peninsula. It is normally made with polyester fabric, but heavier materials such as sheep's wool can also be used, especially in colder climates in the Levant.[8] The style of the thawb varies between regions. In Iraq, Kuwait, the Levant, and Oman, dishdashah is the most common word for the garment; in the United Arab Emirates and the Maghreb, the word kandura is used. In Pakistan and other parts of the sub-continent, it is often to referred to as a 'Jubbah' and designed in an ornate style in keeping with local traditions.[9]

Arabian Peninsula[edit | edit source]

In the Arabian Peninsula, thobes are typically made with white or beige polymer fabric, with coloured wool thobes worn in the winter months.[10] Thobes are commonly worn by men and are considered symbols of national and cultural identity, and are appropriate attire for formal occasions and religious ceremonies. In recent years, the thobes have become a popular fashion item, with many fashion designers adding their own modern twists to the traditional garment.[11]

Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid wearing a winter kandura

Thawb sleeves and collars can be stiffened to give a more formal appearance, front pockets and embroidery could be added, and placket buttons can be covered, exposed, or replaced by zippers.[12] In the UAE and Oman, men's thobes have no collar, use frog closures as placket fasteners, and include tassels;[13] in Oman, tassels tend to be short, and in the UAE tassels extend to the waist.[14][15]

Cultural significance[edit | edit source]

A thawb is sometimes worn with a bisht (بِشْت), also known in other parts of the Arabian Peninsula as a mishlah (مِشْلَح) or ʿabāʾ (عَبَاء), meaning 'cloak'. It is usually worn on ceremonial occasions or by officials. A bisht is usually worn by religious clergy, but can also be worn at weddings, Eids, and funerals. It may indicate wealth and royalty or sometimes a religious position. It was originally manufactured in Syria, Iraq, and Jordan, and it is usually worn in the Arabian Peninsula, Jordan, Syria, and parts of southern Iraq.

See also[edit | edit source]

Notes[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ alternatively spelled thobe, thaub, or thob
  2. ↑ Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
  3. ↑ Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.
  4. ↑ Script error: The function "langx" does not exist.

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ Campbell, Kay Hardy; Corman, Leela (March–April 2016). "The Gown That Steals Your Heart". Aramco World. 67 (2): 24–25.
  2. ↑ "Saudi instructs overseas officials to wear national dress". Arabian Business. 14 July 2016. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  3. ↑ "What was Prophet Muhammad's dress like?". Islam QA. 29 August 2012.
  4. ↑ "Khirqah". Britannica.
  5. ↑ "The journey of Sufism in India". Times of India.
  6. ↑ "Is the Jubbah a Sunnah? (Darul Uloom Beodand)". Darul Ifta, Darul Uloom Deoband.
  7. ↑ admin (2023-02-02). "Everything You Need To Know About Thobes | Thobe Encyclopaedia". Al-Aniq. Retrieved 2023-11-18.
  8. ↑ Jirousek, Charlotte (2004). "Islamic Clothing". Art, Design, and Visual Thinking. Charlotte Jirousek. Retrieved May 25, 2019.
  9. ↑ "Thobes and Jubbahs from around the World". AZAARYA. 2024-11-13. Retrieved 2024-11-13.
  10. ↑ Nazaqat, Umair. "Polyester vs Cotton Thobes". newarabia.
  11. ↑ Martinez, Aisa (2017). "Omani Men's National Dress: Displaying Personal Taste, Asserting National Identity". Ars Orientalis. 47: 303–332. doi:10.3998/ars.13441566.0047.013.
  12. ↑ Al Thawb. "Why the Middle Eastern Thawb is Comfortable and Should be in Every Wardrobe". AlThawb.co.uk.
  13. ↑ Thobe Company (18 April 2024). "Emirati Thobes: A symbol of UAE's rich cultural heritage". thobecompany.com.
  14. ↑ Thobe Company (18 April 2024). "Emirati Thobes: A Symbol of UAE's Rich Cultural Heritage". thobecompany.com.
  15. ↑ Martinez, Aisa (2017). "Omani Men's National Dress: Displaying Personal Taste, Asserting National Identity". Ars Orientalis. 47: 303–332. doi:10.3998/ars.13441566.0047.013.

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