Rajshahi: Difference between revisions

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{{Short description|Metropolitan city in North-Western Bangladesh}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage -->
<!-- See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage -->
<!-- Basic info -------------->| name                           = Rajshahi
<!-- Basic info -------------->| name = Rajshahi
| native_name                     = রাজশাহী
| native_name = রাজশাহী
| nickname                        = ''Silk City'', ''City of Mango'', "City of Education".
| nicknames = Education City,<br /> Silk City<ref>{{cite web | url=https://oldweb.lged.gov.bd/DistrictLGED.aspx?DistrictID=48 | title=District LGED }}</ref>
| settlement_type                 = [[Metropolis]]
| settlement_type = [[Metropolis]]
| image_skyline                   = {{Photomontage
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
|photo1a      =Rajshahi skyline.jpg
| border      = infobox
|photo2b      =First Administration Building , University of Rajshahi.jpg  
| total_width = 300
|photo2a      =Qamaruzzaman crossing.jpg
| image_style =
|photo3a      =Mango roundabout, Rajshahi.jpg
| perrow      = 1/2/1
|photo3b      =Varendra Research Museum 04.jpg
| image1      = Rajshahi city (3).jpg
|photo4a       = Administration Building of Rajshshi College.jpg
| caption1    = Skyline of Rajshahi City
|size          = 280
| image2      = Street lights of Rajshahi city 21.jpg
|spacing      =  
| caption2    = Rajshahi at night
|color         = transparent
| image3      = Rajshahi City 05.jpg
|border        = 1
| caption3    = Nagar Bhabon Rajshahi  
| foot_montage = From top: City Skyline, Shaheed Kamruzzaman crossing, First Administration Building of [[University of Rajshahi]], Mango roundabout, [[Varendra Research Museum]], Administration Building of [[Rajshahi College]]
| image4      = Varendra Research Museum 10.jpg  
| caption4    = [[Varendra Research Museum]]
}}
| image_map = {{maplink
| frame            = yes
| frame-width      = 300
| frame-height    = 300
| frame-lat        = 24.3745
| frame-long       = 88.6042
| frame-align      = center
| zoom            = 11
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| id              = Q3791
| fill            = #FFFFFF
| stroke-color     = #FF0000
| stroke-width    = 3
| text            = Interactive map outlining Rajshahi
}}
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| image_caption                  =
| pushpin_map = Bangladesh Rajshahi division#Bangladesh#South Asia#Asia#Earth
| pushpin_map                     = Bangladesh Rajshahi division#Bangladesh
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Rajshahi Division##Location in Bangladesh##Location in South Asia##Location in Asia##Location on Earth
| pushpin_label_position          = centre
| pushpin_mapsize = 300
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location of Rajshahi in [[Bangladesh]]
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_mapsize                 =  
| pushpin_relief = yes
| coordinates                     = {{coord|24|22|N|88|36|E|region:BD|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates = {{coord|24|22.476|N|88|36.027|E|region:BD|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type               = Country
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name               = [[Bangladesh]]
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
| subdivision_type1               = [[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Rajshahi Division]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Districts of Bangladesh|District]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Bangladesh|District]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Rajshahi District]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Rajshahi District|Rajshahi]]
| established_title               = Establishment
| established_title = Establishment
| established_date               = 1700
| established_date = 1634
| established_title2             = Municipality
| established_title2 = Municipality
| established_date2               = 1876
| established_date2 = 1876
| established_title3             = Granted city status
| established_title3 = Granted city status
| established_date3               = 1991
| established_date3 = 1991
| government_footnotes           =  
| government_footnotes =  
| government_type                 = [[City Corporation]]
| government_type = [[Mayor-Council]]
| governing_body                 = {{nowrap|[[Rajshahi City Corporation]]}}
| governing_body = {{nowrap|[[Rajshahi City Corporation]]}}
| leader_title                   = [[Mayor]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor of Rajshahi|Administrator]]
| leader_name                     = [[A. H. M. Khairuzzaman Liton]]
| leader_name = Mahfuzur Rahman
| area_footnotes                 = <ref name="bangladesh1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/municip.pdf|title=Area, Population and Literacy Rate by Paurashava −2001|publisher=Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics|access-date=19 August 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217230450/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/municip.pdf|archive-date=17 December 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.risingbd.com/english/PM-opens-8-new-police-stations-in-Rajshahi/51855|title=PM opens 8 new police stations in Rajshahi|date=22 February 2018|work=Rising Sun|access-date=15 September 2018|language=en}}</ref>
| leader_title1 =
| area_total_km2                  = 96.68
| leader_name1 =
| area_metro_km2                  = 900
| leader_title2 = [[List of city corporations in Bangladesh#City Council|City Council]]
| area_rank                      =  
| leader_name2 = [[Rajshahi City Corporation#Ward and councillor list|30 constituencies]]
| elevation_footnotes            =  
| leader_title3 = [[Parliament of Bangladesh|Parliament]]
| elevation_m                    = 18
| leader_name3 = [[List of constituencies of the Jatiya Sangsad#Rajshahi Division|1 constituencies]]
| population_as_of               = 2011
| area_footnotes = <ref name="bangladesh1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/municip.pdf|title=Area, Population and Literacy Rate by Paurashava −2001|publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]]|access-date=19 August 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217230450/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/census/municip.pdf|archive-date=17 December 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.risingbd.com/english/PM-opens-8-new-police-stations-in-Rajshahi/51855|title=PM opens 8 new police stations in Rajshahi|date=22 February 2018|work=Rising Sun|access-date=15 September 2018|language=en|archive-date=23 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250323022743/https://www.risingbd.com/english/PM-opens-8-new-police-stations-in-Rajshahi/51855|url-status=live}}</ref>
| population_footnotes           = <ref name=bangladesh2>[http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/pby/pk_book_08.pdf "Statistical Pocket book 2008, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419080055/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/pby/pk_book_08.pdf |date=19 April 2009 }}</ref>
| area_urban_km2 = 121
| population_total                = 763,952
| area_urban_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web| title=Factsheet Rajshahi City in Bangladesh | url=https://www.apn-gcr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Factsheet-Rajshahi-City-in-Bangladesh.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229230901/https://www.apn-gcr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Factsheet-Rajshahi-City-in-Bangladesh.pdf | archive-date=2024-02-29}}</ref>
| population_metro               = 1,500,000
| population_as_of = 2022
| population_density_km2          = auto
| population_footnotes = <ref name=bangladesh2>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/pby/pk_book_08.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419080055/http://www.bbs.gov.bd/dataindex/pby/pk_book_08.pdf|url-status=dead|title=Statistical Pocket book 2008, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics|archive-date=19 April 2009}}</ref>
| timezone                       = [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]
| population_urban = 552,791
| utc_offset                     = +6
| population_urban_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web| title=Census of Population and Housing 2022 Preliminary Report | url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2022-07-28-14-31-b21f81d1c15171f1770c661020381666.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220813235827/https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2022-07-28-14-31-b21f81d1c15171f1770c661020381666.pdf | archive-date=2022-08-13}}</ref>
| postal_code_type               = [[List of postal codes in Bangladesh|Postal code]]
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| postal_code                     = 6000, 6100, 6203
| area_metro_km2 = 377.1
| blank_name                      = National Calling Code
| population_metro = 1,032,000
| blank_info                      = +880
| population_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Rajshahi, Bangladesh Metro Area Population 1950-2025 |url=https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/cities/20131/rajshahi/population |website=macrotrends |access-date=9 March 2025 |archive-date=17 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240417065422/https://www.macrotrends.net/global-metrics/cities/20131/rajshahi/population |url-status=live }}</ref>
| blank1_name                     = [[Telephone numbers in Bangladesh|Calling Code]]
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| blank1_info                    = 0721
| population_demonym = Rajshahian
| blank2_name                    = Police
| timezone = [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]]
| blank2_info                    = [[Rajshahi Metropolitan Police]]
| utc_offset = +6
| blank3_name                    = Airport
| population_blank1_title = Metro rank
| blank3_info                    = [[Shah Makhdum Airport]]
| population_blank1 = [[List of cities and towns in Bangladesh|4th in Bangladesh]]
| website                         = {{url|rajshahi.gov.bd/}}
| blank_name = National Calling Code
| footnotes                       =  
| blank_info = +880
| official_name                   =  
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2023)
| image_blank_emblem             =  
| blank_info_sec1 = 0.700<br />{{color|#093|high}} · [[List of regions of Bangladesh by Human Development Index|6th of 22]]
| blank_emblem_alt                =  
| blank2_name = [[Telephone numbers in Bangladesh|Calling code]]
| image_seal                      = Rajshahi City Corporation logo.jpg
| elevation_m = 23
| elevation_ft = 75
| postal_code_type = [[List of postal codes in Bangladesh|Postal code]]
| postal_code = 6000, 6100, 620x
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbering plan|National calling code]]
| area_code = [[List of country calling codes|+880]]
| demographics_type1 = [[Languages of Bangladesh|Languages]]
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]{{*}}[[Bangladeshi English|English]]
| demographics1_title2 = Regional
| demographics1_info2 = [[North Central Bengali]]
| demographics1_title3 =
| demographics1_info3 =
| demographics2_title2 =
| demographics2_info2 =
| demographics2_footnotes = <ref name="BBS">{{cite web | url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/site/page/b432a7e5-8b4d-4dac-a76c-a9be4e85828c | title=বাংলাদেশ পরিসংখ্যান ব্যুরো | access-date=13 July 2025 | archive-date=6 May 2025 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506162520/https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/site/page/b432a7e5-8b4d-4dac-a76c-a9be4e85828c | url-status=live }}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 =
| demographics2_info1 =
| blank1_name = [[UN/LOCODE]]
| blank1_info = BD RJH
| blank2_info = [[Telephone numbers in Bangladesh|+880 721]]
| blank3_name_sec1 =
| blank3_info_sec1 =  
| blank4_name_sec1 = [[Police]]
| blank4_info_sec1 = [[Rajshahi Metropolitan Police]]
| blank5_name_sec1 = [[Airport]]
| blank5_info_sec1 = [[Shah Makhdum Airport]]
| blank6_name_sec1 = Planning Authority
| blank6_info_sec1 = [[Rajshahi Development Authority]]
| blank7_name_sec1 = Water Supply and Sewerage Authority
| blank7_info_sec1 = [[Rajshahi WASA]]
| leader_party =
| website = {{URL|erajshahi.portal.gov.bd}}
| footnotes =  
| official_name =  
| image_blank_emblem =  
| blank_emblem_size = 120px
| blank_emblem_type = Logo of the [[Rajshahi City Corporation]]
}}
}}
{{Contains special characters|Bengali}}
{{Contains special characters|Bengali}}
'''Rajshahi''' ({{lang-bn|রাজশাহী}}, {{IPA-bn|radʒ.ʃaɦi|}}; historically '''Rampur Boalia'''; nicknamed ''Silk City'' or ''City of Education'') is a [[metropolitan city]], and a major urban, commercial and educational centre of [[Bangladesh]]. It is also the administrative seat of eponymous [[Rajshahi Division|division]] and [[Rajshahi District|district]]. <ref group=note>Government of Bangladesh refers to administrative seat of its divisions and districts as ''headquarters'' and not as ''capital''.</ref> Located on the north bank of the [[Padma River]], near the [[Bangladesh-India border]], the city has a population of over 763,952 residents.<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/bangladesh-rajshahi.php|title=Rajshahi (Bangladesh): City Districts and Subdistricts – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts}}</ref> The city is surrounded by the satellite towns of [[Paba Upazila|Nowhata]] and Katakhali, which together build an urban agglomeration of about 1 million population. Rajshahi is often considering the most clean and green among the cities of Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/17/rajshahi-bangladesh-city-air-pollution-won?|title=Rajshahi: the city that took on air pollution – and won|newspaper=The Guardian|access-date=17 June 2019}}</ref>


Modern Rajshahi lies in the ancient region of [[Pundravardhana]]. The foundation of the city dates to 1634, according to epigraphic records at the mausoleum of [[Sufi]] saint [[Shah Makhdum]]. The area hosted a [[Dutch settlement in Rajshahi|Dutch settlement]] in the 18th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490171/Rajshahi|title=Rajshahi – Bangladesh}}</ref> The Rajshahi municipality was constituted during the [[British Raj]] in 1876. It was a divisional capital of the [[Bengal Presidency]].
'''Rajshahi''' ({{langx|bn|রাজশাহী}}, {{IPA|bn|radʒ.ʃaɦi|pron|LL-Q9610 (ben)-Tahmid-রাজশাহী.wav}}) is a [[metropolis|metropolitan city]] and a major [[Urban area|urban]], administrative, commercial and educational centre of [[Bangladesh]]. It is also the administrative seat of the eponymous [[Rajshahi Division|division]] and [[Rajshahi District|district]]. It is also the largest city of [[North Bengal]]. Located on the north bank of the [[Padma River]], near the [[Bangladesh–India border]], the city is surrounded by the satellite towns of Nowhata and Katakhali of [[Paba Upazila]], which together build an urban agglomeration of about 1 million population.<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{Cite web|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/bangladesh/rajshahicity/admin/|title=Bangladesh: Rajshahi City Corporation (City Districts and Wards) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map|website=www.citypopulation.de|access-date=28 May 2025|archive-date=13 May 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250513083329/https://www.citypopulation.de/en/bangladesh/rajshahicity/admin/|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
Rajshahi is a historic center of [[silk]] production. [[Varendra Research Museum]], the oldest of its kind in Bangladesh, is located in the city. Sometimes the city is referred to as the ''City of Education'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-28 |title=Rajshahi will be the city of entrepreneurs in 5 years |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/supplement/rajshahi-will-be-city-entrepreneurs-5-years-363544 |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> on account of being home to many renowned educational institutions of Bangladesh. The head office of [[Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank|Rajshahi Agricultural Development Bank]] and [[Barind Multipurpose Development Authority]] is situated in the city. [[Shah Makhdum Airport|The Shah Makhdum Airport]] and [[Rajshahi railway station]] serves Rajshahi.


Rajshahi is an important administrative, educational, cultural and business centre in Bangladesh today. It is a historic center of [[silk]] production. [[Varendra Research Museum]], the oldest of its kind in Bangladesh, is located in the city. The city is home to many renowned educational institutions of Bangladesh. The head office of [[Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank|Rajshahi Agricultural Development Bank]] and Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA) is situated in the city. Rajshahi is served by the [[Shah Makhdum Airport]].
According to ''[[The Guardian]]'', Rajshahi is the cleanest city of Bangladesh,<ref name="guardianharrison" /> and it is also the most environmentally friendly city in the country.<ref name="tbs4Jan2020">{{Cite news |date=2020-01-04 |title=Rajshahi awarded eco-friendly city of the year |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/rajshahi-awarded-eco-friendly-city-year |access-date=2025-03-09 |work=The Business Standard |language=en |archive-date=9 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240709174634/https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/rajshahi-awarded-eco-friendly-city-year |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="dt4Jan2020">{{Cite news |date=4 January 2020 |title=Rajshahi: A city fresh and green |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/197929/rajshahi-a-city-fresh-and-green |access-date=2025-03-09 |work=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref>


==History==
==History==
Rajshahi district was a part of the [[Pundra Kingdom|Pundra region]] of ancient [[Bengal]] ruled by the [[Pundra Kingdom]]. The capital of [[Prince Vijaya]], the king who led military operations in [[Sri Lanka]] and Southeast Asia was located {{convert|9|mi|km|0|order=flip}} to the west of Rajshahi town. In medieval times, the region came to be known as "Rampur Boalia". The origin of the present name of "Rajshahi" is debated among scholars. Most say that it takes its name from [[Hindu]] Kings [[Rajshahi Raj]] (or "[[Raja]]s") as '''Raj''' and the persianised '''[[Shah]]i'''; both of which mean "[[wikt:royal|royal]]" or "kingdom".<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.theindependentbd.com/paper-edition/others/art-a-culture/90653-800-years-of-rajshahi-city.html|title = 800 years of Rajshahi city|newspaper = The Independent|access-date = 8 July 2011|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130606042346/http://www.theindependentbd.com/paper-edition/others/art-a-culture/90653-800-years-of-rajshahi-city.html|archive-date = 6 June 2013|df = dmy-all}}</ref> The administrative district was established in 1772 and the municipal corporation in 1876. Rajshahi was dominated by various [[Maharaja]]s, Rajas and [[Zamindars]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aqidO6AIiUoC|title=Encyclopaedia Of Bangladesh (Set Of 30 Vols.)|first=Nagendra Kr|last=Singh|date=1 January 2003|publisher=Anmol Publications Pvt. Limited|isbn=9788126113903|via=Google Books}}</ref>
Modern [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]] lies in the ancient region of [[Pundravardhana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pundravardhana - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Pundravardhana? |access-date=2025-06-09 |website=en.banglapedia.org}}</ref> The foundation of the city dates to 1634, according to epigraphic records at the mausoleum of [[Sufi]] saint [[Shah Makhdum]]. The area hosted a [[Dutch settlement in Rajshahi|Dutch settlement]] in the 18th century.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Rajshahi|title=Rajshahi &#124; Riverside City, Silk Production &#124; Britannica|date=22 May 2025|website=www.britannica.com|access-date=28 May 2025|archive-date=3 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403170316/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/490171/Rajshahi|url-status=live}}</ref>
[[File:A train at the Rajshahi station.jpg|thumb|left|Rajshahi Railway Station in the 1930s|312x312px]]


During the [[British raj]], it was also known as "Beuleah" and was the administrative headquarters of Rajshahi district in Eastern Bengal and Assam. It was originally chosen as a commercial factory for the silk trade, which was being officially encouraged by the agricultural department of that time. The town contained a government college, and an industrial school for [[sericulture]]. Most of the public buildings were severely damaged by the [[1897 Assam earthquake|earthquake of 12 June 1897]].<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Rajshahi}}</ref> Throughout much of the early part of the twentieth century there was a daily [[Steamboat|steamer]] service on the Ganges which connected it to rail-heads that led to the then provincial capital of Calcutta as well as other cities in the province of Bengal.
Rajshahi district was a part of the [[Pundra Kingdom|Pundra region]] of ancient [[Bengal]] ruled by the [[Pundra Kingdom]]. The capital of [[Prince Vijaya]], the king who led military operations in [[Sri Lanka]] and Southeast Asia was located 14 kilometres (9 mi) to the west of Rajshahi town. Rajshahi was dominated by various [[Maharaja|Maharajas]], Rajas and [[Zamindars]]. During ''Deo Raja'''s period, the region was known as Mohakalgarh. In 1288-89 the Raja was defeated by [[Shah Makhdum Rupos]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=আজাদ |first=আবুল কালাম মুহম্মদ |date=2021-10-11 |title=মহাকালগড় থেকে রাজশাহী, শহরটি এখনো শান্তির |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%9C-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0 |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=Prothomalo |language=bn |archive-date=11 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011115042/https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%9C-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0 |url-status=live }}</ref> The administrative district was established in 1772 and the municipal corporation during the [[British Raj]] in 1876.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life at Rajshahi – Institute of Bangladesh Studies |url=https://www.ru.ac.bd/ibs/life-at-rajshahi/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |language=en-US |archive-date=25 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250325185049/https://www.ru.ac.bd/ibs/life-at-rajshahi/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


[[File:বাংলাদেশের সামরিক (১৯৬৭-১৯৭১) পরিকল্পনা.png|thumb|318x318px|Pakistani Eastern Command plan for the defence of East Pakistan from 1967 to 1971 (generic representation—some unit locations not shown).]]
Its wealth peaked under the [[Pala Empire]], when the [[Barind Tract|Barind]] [[Varendra|area]] became an important agricultural and cultural zone.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE PALA EMPIRE |url=https://ia801504.us.archive.org/13/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.125557/2015.125557.Everyday-Life-In-The-Pala-Empire_text.pdf |journal=[[Asiatic Society of Pakistan]]}}</ref> In the [[Mughal period]], the area gained further prominence for its silk production.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-08 |title="Rajshahi silk" A stunning raw materials in Fashion Industry |url=https://textilefocus.com/rajshahi-silk-stunning-raw-materials-fashion-industry/ |access-date=2025-11-16 |language=en-US |archive-date=17 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260117132450/https://textilefocus.com/rajshahi-silk-stunning-raw-materials-fashion-industry/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Rajshahi Raj]] was the largest ''[[zamindari]]'' (feudatory kingdom) during the British Raj which occupied a vast position of [[Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajshahi Raj - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Rajshahi_Raj |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=en.banglapedia.org |language=en |archive-date=18 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220118220208/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Rajshahi_Raj |url-status=live }}</ref> When [[Murshid Quli Khan|Nawab Murshid Quli Khan]] divided the [[Bengal Subah]] into 13 divisions in 1717, Rajshahi was included as one of the divisions .<ref>{{Cite web |title=History - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/History |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=en.banglapedia.org |language=en |archive-date=29 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229062902/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/History |url-status=live }}</ref>
During the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]], [[Pakistan Army]] created an ''ad hoc'' Rajshahi brigade, deployed in September.<ref>Salik, Siddiq, Witness to Surrender, pp126</ref> During the [[1971 Bangladesh genocide|1971 Bangladesh genocide by the Pakistan]], in which Pakistani Army and its supporting [[militia]]s ([[Razakar (Pakistan)|Razakar]]) killed estimated between 300,000<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16207201|title=Bangladesh war: The article that changed history – Asia |publisher=BBC News |date=25 March 2010}}</ref> to 3,000,000 people and raped 200,000–400,000 [[Bangladeshis|Bangladeshi]] Hindu women in a systematic campaign of [[genocidal rape]],<ref>{{cite journal |last=Sharlach |first=Lisa |year=2000 |title=Rape as Genocide: Bangladesh, the Former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda |journal=New Political Science |volume=1 |issue=22 |pages=92–93 |doi=10.1080/713687893|s2cid=144966485 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Sajjad |first=Tazreena |year=2012 |chapter=The Post-Genocidal Period and its Impact on Women |editor-last=Totten |editor-first=Samuel |title=Plight and Fate of Women During and Following Genocide |publisher=Transaction |pages=225 |isbn=978-1412847599}}</ref><ref name="MathewWhite">White, Matthew, ''[http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat2.htm#Bangladesh Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century]''</ref> Rajshahi witnessed great atrocities by the [[Pakistan]] army in the [[1962 Rajshahi massacres]] of Bangladeshis and heroic struggles by the Bangladeshi freedom fighters. The largest mass grave in Bangladesh is located in [[University of Rajshahi]], which was used as an army camp during the war.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} On the other hand, one of the great battles of the war took place near Rajshahi. Captain [[Mohiuddin Jahangir]], who died in battle, was awarded the highest honour ([[Bir Shrestho]]) by the Bangladesh government after the war.{{citation needed|date=December 2019}} Pakistan Army's 93,000 troops unconditionally surrendered to the [[Mukti Bahini]] (or ''Bangladesh Forces'') on 16 December 1971.<ref name="Team">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ssbtosuccess.com/vijay-diwas-16th-december/|title=Why Do India Celebrate 'Vijay Diwas' On 16th December|last=Team|first=Editorial|date=2017-12-17|work=SSBToSuccess|access-date=2017-12-18|language=en-US}}</ref> This day and event is commemorated as the [[Victory Day (Bangladesh)|Bijoy Dibos]] ({{lang-bn|বিজয় দিবস}}) in Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://liberationwarmuseum.org/about-us |title=About us |website=Liberation War Museum |access-date=21 November 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108013543/http://www.liberationwarmuseum.org/about-us |archive-date=8 November 2011 }}</ref><ref name="Team"/>


Rajshahi was made a city corporation in 1991.
During the [[British raj]], it was also known as "Beuleah" and was the administrative headquarters of the Rajshahi district in [[Eastern Bengal and Assam]]. It was originally chosen as a commercial factory for the silk trade, which was being officially encouraged by the agricultural department of that time. The town contained a government college and an industrial school for [[sericulture]]. Most of the public buildings were severely damaged by the [[1897 Assam earthquake|earthquake of 12 June 1897]].<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle= Rajshahi |volume= 22 |page= 876 |short=1}}</ref> Throughout much of the early part of the twentieth century there was a daily [[Steamboat|steamer]] service on the [[Ganges]] which connected it to rail-heads that led to the then provincial capital of [[Calcutta]] as well as other cities in the province of Bengal.
 
Rajshahi was made a city corporation in 1991.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population and Housing Census 2011 |url=http://nsds.bbs.gov.bd/storage/files/1/Publications/PHC_2011%20Community%20Report/RAJSHAHI%20DIVISION/Rajshahi.pdf |access-date=16 November 2025}}</ref>
 
=== Etymology ===
The region came to be known as '''Rampur Boalia''' after the establishment of an administrative office in 1825. The origin of the present name of "Rajshahi" is debated among scholars. Most say that it takes its name from [[Hindu]] Kings [[Rajshahi Raj]] (or "[[Raja|Rajas]]") as '''Raj''' and the persianised '''[[Shah|Shahi]]'''; both of which mean "royal" or "kingdom".<ref>{{Cite journal |title=An Inquiry and Documentation of Architectural Styles of Residential Building Facades in Old Rajshahi, Bangladesh |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/374053749 |journal=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |script-title=bn:রাজশাহী সিটি কর্পোরেশন |url=https://erajshahi.portal.gov.bd/site/page/d111d49a-1f23-46fd-a540-6cb11e2e482e/History-of-Rajshahi-Location-Area |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=erajshahi.portal.gov.bd |language=en}}</ref>


==Geography==
==Geography==
===Topography===
===Topography===
Geographically Rajshahi is situated within [[Barind Tract]], 23&nbsp;m (75&nbsp;ft) above sea level, and lies at {{Coord|24|22|26|N|88|36|04|E|type:city_region:BD}}. The city is located on the alluvial plains of the [[Padma River]], which runs through the southern side of the city. It is bounded on the east, north, and west by [[Paba Upazila]] (a subdivision of a district) of the district.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Rajshahi topographic map, elevation, terrain |url=https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-rn4nh/Rajshahi/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Topographic maps |language=en |archive-date=14 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250114230115/https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/map-rn4nh/Rajshahi/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


Geographically Rajshahi is situated within [[Barind Tract]], 23&nbsp;m (75&nbsp;ft) above sea level, and lies at {{Coord|24|22|26|N|88|36|04|E|type:city_region:BD}}. The city is located on the alluvial plains of the [[Padma River]], which runs through southern side of the city. It is bounded on the east, north and west by [[Paba Upazila]] (subdivision of a district) of the district.
Rajshahi District is bounded by [[Naogaon District]] to the north, [[Natore District]] to the east, and [[Chapai Nawabganj District]] and the river Padma & [[Kushtia District]] to the south.<ref name=":0" />
 
Rajshahi district is bounded by Naogaon District to the north, Natore District to the east, and Chapai Nababganj District and the river Padma & Kushtia district to the south.


===Climate===
===Climate===
Under [[Köppen climate classification]], Rajshahi has a [[tropical savanna climate|tropical wet and dry climate]]. The climate of Rajshahi is generally marked with [[monsoon]]s, high temperature, considerable [[humidity]] and moderate rainfall. The hot season commences early in March and continues till the middle of July. The maximum mean temperature observed is about {{convert|32|to|36|C|F}} during the months of April, May, June and July and the minimum temperature recorded in January is about {{convert|7|to|16|C|F}}. The highest rainfall is observed during the months of monsoon. The annual rainfall in the district is about {{convert|1448|mm|in|1}}.
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Rajshahi has a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cwa), with its coldest month being below 18&nbsp;°C (64&nbsp;°F). The climate of Rajshahi is generally marked with [[monsoon]]s, high temperature, considerable [[humidity]] and moderate rainfall. The hot season commences early in March and continues till the middle of July. The maximum mean temperature observed is about {{convert|32|to|36|C|F}} during April, May, June, and July and the minimum temperature recorded in January is about {{convert|7|to|16|C|F}}. The highest rainfall is observed during the months of monsoon. The annual rainfall in the district is about {{convert|1448|mm|in|1}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Climate: Rajshahi in Bangladesh |url=https://www.worlddata.info/asia/bangladesh/climate-rajshahi.php |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Worlddata.info |language=en |archive-date=28 June 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628073508/https://www.worlddata.info/asia/bangladesh/climate-rajshahi.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Weather box
{{Rajshahi weatherbox}}
|width = auto
Although once noted for its [[air pollution]], since 2014 the levels of [[particulates]] have been dramatically reduced by various efforts to switch to cleaner fuels and to battery-powered vehicles, to pave earth streets, to encourage walking and bicycle transport, and to plant vegetation.<ref name="guardianharrison">{{cite news |last1=Graham-Harrison |first1=Emma |last2=Doshi |first2=Vidhi |date=17 June 2016 |title=Rajshahi: the city that took on air pollution – and won  |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/17/rajshahi-bangladesh-city-air-pollution-won |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=9 July 2016}}</ref> The levels of PM10 dropped by 67% and PM2.5 which are particularly harmful to human health, dropped from 70 to 37 micrograms per cubic meter between 2014 and 2016.<ref name="guardianharrison" /> Lowest recorded temperature in Rajshahi was 3.4&nbsp;°C on 9 January 2003 and highest recorded temperature was 45.1&nbsp;°C on 18 May 1972.
|metric first      = yes
|single line      = yes
|location          = Rajshahi
|Jan record high C = 30.0
|Feb record high C = 35.4
|Mar record high C = 40.3
|Apr record high C = 45.1
|May record high C = 44.8
|Jun record high C = 43.6
|Jul record high C = 39.7
|Aug record high C = 35.5
|Sep record high C = 39.2
|Oct record high C = 35.3
|Nov record high C = 34.3
|Dec record high C = 30.3
|Jan high C= 25.4
|Feb high C= 28.0
|Mar high C= 33.5
|Apr high C= 35.9
|May high C= 34.8
|Jun high C= 33.3
|Jul high C= 32.0
|Aug high C= 32.0
|Sep high C= 32.3
|Oct high C= 31.9
|Nov high C= 29.5
|Dec high C= 26.1
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = 18.5
|Feb mean C = 20.6
|Mar mean C = 25.7
|Apr mean C = 28.8
|May mean C = 29.1
|Jun mean C = 29.4
|Jul mean C = 28.9
|Aug mean C = 29.1
|Sep mean C = 29.1
|Oct mean C = 27.6
|Nov mean C = 23.5
|Dec mean C = 19.4
|Jan low C= 10.2
|Feb low C= 13.3
|Mar low C= 18.0
|Apr low C= 21.7
|May low C= 23.5
|Jun low C= 25.5
|Jul low C= 25.9
|Aug low C= 26.2
|Sep low C= 25.9
|Oct low C= 23.4
|Nov low C= 17.6
|Dec low C= 12.8
|year low C =
|Jan record low C = 1.8
|Feb record low C = 3.9
|Mar record low C = 8.6
|Apr record low C = 10.8
|May record low C = 14.4
|Jun record low C = 20.3
|Jul record low C = 19.4
|Aug record low C = 18.3
|Sep record low C = 12.6
|Oct record low C = 11.4
|Nov record low C = 7.0
|Dec record low C = 4.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 13
|Feb precipitation mm = 15
|Mar precipitation mm = 27
|Apr precipitation mm = 39
|May precipitation mm = 129
|Jun precipitation mm = 272
|Jul precipitation mm = 301
|Aug precipitation mm = 261
|Sep precipitation mm = 234
|Oct precipitation mm = 112
|Nov precipitation mm = 14
|Dec precipitation mm = 2
|year precipitation mm =
|Jan humidity = 40
|Feb humidity = 35
|Mar humidity = 37
|Apr humidity = 40
|May humidity = 51
|Jun humidity = 79
|Jul humidity = 88
|Aug humidity = 85
|Sep humidity = 80
|Oct humidity = 66
|Nov humidity = 62
|Dec humidity = 59
|year humidity =
|source= [http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=418950&refer=/&units=metric/ WeatherBase.Com]
|date=October 2013}}
Although once noted for its air pollution, since 2014 the levels of [[particulates]] have been dramatically reduced by various efforts to switch to cleaner fuels and to battery-powered vehicles, to pave earth streets, to encourage walking and bicycle transport, and to plant vegetation.<ref name=guardianharrison>{{cite news |last1=Graham-Harrison |first1=Emma |last2=Doshi |first2=Vidhi |date=17 June 2016 |title=Rajshahi: the city that took on air pollution – and won  |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/17/rajshahi-bangladesh-city-air-pollution-won |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=9 July 2016}}</ref> The levels of PM10 dropped by 67% and PM2.5 which are particularly harmful to human health, dropped from 70 to 37 micrograms per cubic metre between 2014 and 2016.<ref name=guardianharrison/>


===Parks and greenery===
===Parks and greenery===
[[File:Rajsahi Park.JPG|right|thumb|Rajshahi Central Park|263x263px]]
[[File:Kid's ride seen from top of the Ferris wheel at Shaheed A.H.M Qamaruzzaman Central Park, Rajshahi.jpg|right|thumb|Rajshahi Central Park|263x263px]]
[[Shaheed A.H.M Qamaruzzaman Central Park and Zoo]] is one of the popular public places of Rajshahi city. A wide area with green trees and grasses houses different animal species. It is located by the bank of the [[Padma River]]. Other parks in the city are Bhubon Mohon park and Captain Monsur Ali park. Shahid Zia children's park is specially designed for children's amusement. The bank of the Padma river along the city is also a destination for recreation. The bank is a planned zone in many parts of the city to accommodate city dwellers for recreation purposes. In 2015, Munsguard park near the old Dutch [[Boro Kuthi]] building and Lalonshah park near Shahmukhdum Eidgah was built bordering the bank<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/amp/online/country-news/2015/11/08/288346|script-title=bn:লালন শাহ পার্ক লিজ দেওয়া হবে না : রাসিক|newspaper=Kaler Kanthao |language=bn |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> to provide residents a place to enjoy the views of the Padma river.
[[Shaheed A.H.M Qamaruzzaman Central Park and Zoo]] is one of the popular public places in Rajshahi city. A wide area with green trees and grass houses different animal species. It is located by the bank of the [[Padma River]]. Other parks in the city are Bhubon Mohon Park and Captain Monsur Ali Park. Shahid Zia's children's park is specially designed for children's amusement. The bank of the Padma River along the city is also a destination for recreation. The bank is a planned zone in many parts of the city to accommodate city dwellers for recreation purposes. In 2015, Munsguard Park near the old Dutch [[Boro Kuthi]] building and Lalonshah Park near Shahmukhdum Eidgah was built bordering the bank<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.kalerkantho.com/online/country-news/2015/11/08/288346|script-title=bn:লালন শাহ পার্ক লিজ দেওয়া হবে না: রাসিক|newspaper=Kaler Kanthao |date=November 2015 |language=bn |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> to provide residents a place to enjoy the views of the Padma river. The points of interest of the city includes: Banks of the [[Padma River]], [[Varendra Research Museum]], Shrine of [[Shah Makhdum Rupos]], [[Shaheed A.H.M Qamaruzzaman Central Park and Zoo]], [[University of Rajshahi]], [[Boro Kuthi]], Shahid Zia Park, and Bangabandhu Novo Theatre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangladeshpost.net/posts/construction-work-of-bangabandhu-novo-theatre-goes-on-in-full-swing-in-rajshahi-22937|title=Construction work of Bangabandhu Novo Theatre goes on in full swing in Rajshahi|access-date=26 February 2020|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226170355/https://www.bangladeshpost.net/posts/construction-work-of-bangabandhu-novo-theatre-goes-on-in-full-swing-in-rajshahi-22937|url-status=live}}</ref>
 
==Administration==
[[File:Rajshahi City Corporation.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rajshahi City Corporation]] headquarter|256x256px]]
Rajshahi is the headquarters of one of the eight administrative [[divisions of Bangladesh]]. The Divisional Commissioner, who is the administrative chief of the Rajshahi Division, the DIG for the Rajshahi division, and other divisional civil servants have their own offices in the city, which function as part of the government administrative setup. Deputy Commissioner (DC) who is the administrative chief of Rajshahi District, Civil Surgeon, and other district-level civil servants have their offices in the city. District judges as well as Metropolitan magistrates have their offices within the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=রাজশাহী সিটি নির্বাচন {{!}} Rajshahi City Election {{!}} প্রথম আলো |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/topic/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Prothomalo |language=bn}}</ref>
 
Rajshahi is one of seven metropolitan cities in Bangladesh. One mayor and 30 ward commissioners are elected for five-year terms by direct votes. [[Rajshahi City Corporation]] is responsible for all the administrative work related to city governance under its jurisdiction.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-06-15 |title=Rajshahi City Corporation Election 2013 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/rajshahi-city-corporation-election-2013 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>


===Points of interest===
Rajshahi Unnayan Kortripokhkho/Rajshahi Development Authority (RDA) plans and coordinates the development-related works within the metropolitan area. Rajshahi WASA is responsible for the water supply and drainage system within the city area.
[[File:Padma river flows by Rajshahi city.jpg|thumb|The [[Padma River]] passes by the southern side of the city|261x261px]]
* Banks of the Padma River: One of the largest rivers in South Asia. During the Monsoon season, the water level rises.
* [[Varendra Research Museum]]: Established in 1910, the museum is dedicated to ancient history and culture. It is recognised as the oldest museum in the country.{{citation needed|date=August 2019}} It has a collection of artefacts relating to Hindu, Buddhist and Muslim heritage. Some of these date back to the 16th century. It is maintained by the University, located in the centre of town.
* Shrine of [[Shah Makhdum Rupos]]: A [[dargah]] (tomb) was established to mark the resting place of Shah Makhdum in 1635. He was the first preacher of Islam in the region. Legend has it that he arrived by riding down the Padma on two crocodiles. To preserve this myth, some crocodiles are kept in the pond next to the shrine.
[[File:Shah Makhdum Majar , Rajshahi.jpg|thumb|right|[[Dargah]] of [[Shah Makhdum Rupos]]|256x256px]]
* [[Shaheed A.H.M Qamaruzzaman Central Park and Zoo]]: The park is a wide area with trees and grass. The zoo houses a variety of animal species. It is located by the bank of river Padma.
* Shahid Zia Park: An amusement park, it has a [[mono rail]] and [[bumping cars]]. It is under the Rajshahi City Corporation.
* [[University of Rajshahi]]: This campus is within a few kilometres from the city centre. Second largest university in Bangladesh.
* Shaheb Bazar: This is the centre of the city, where most of the shopping malls and commercial buildings are located.
* Ghoramara: The oldest part of Rajshahi City, consisting most of the oldest (70 to 100 years old) buildings.
* [[Boro Kuthi]]: In the compound of the Barakuthi there is a small cemetery with groves dating back to the nineteenth century. There are 14 tombs with thirteen [[epitaph]]s within the cemetery.
* Upashohor: This is a planned model town. Rajshahi Cantonment is located beside this area.
* [[Motihar]]: [[Rajshahi University]] is situated in this area on a large campus surrounded by mango groves.
* Kashia-Danga: From this area a massive mango tree garden area of Rajshahi starts. It is in the west part of the city, near to Rajshahi court railway station.
* Santal Para: Located inside the Mahish-Bathan Area. Some Santal tribes people live here.
* Bangabandhu Novo Theatre, Rajshahi: Establishment of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Novo Theatre, Rajshahi is being implemented.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bangladeshpost.net/posts/construction-work-of-bangabandhu-novo-theatre-goes-on-in-full-swing-in-rajshahi-22937|title = Construction work of Bangabandhu Novo Theatre goes on in full swing in Rajshahi}}</ref>


<gallery mode="packed" heights="80px">
[[Rajshahi Metropolitan Police]] (RMP), headed by a Commissioner, controls law and order as well as traffic movements within the metropolitan area.<ref>{{Cite web |title=metropolitanpolice.rajshahi |url=https://metropolitanpolice.rajshahi.gov.bd/en |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=metropolitanpolice.rajshahi.gov.bd}}</ref>
File:Saheb Bazaar Rajshahi.jpg|Saheb Bazaar Rajshahi
File:Shahid Zia Shishu Park 03.jpg|Shahid Zia Shishu Park
File:Boddhovumi, University of Rajshahi.JPG|The site of mass grave inside Rajshahi University campus
File:Rajshahi from Padma river.jpg|View of Rajshahi city from the [[Padma River]]
File:Smriti Amlan 02.jpg|Smriti Amlan Monument
</gallery>


==Administration==
[[Rajshahi Cantonment]] is a military base and the headquarters of the [[Bangladesh Infantry Regiment]]. The city is home to two battalions of [[Border Guard Bangladesh|BGB]], a battalion of [[Bangladesh Ansar]], a headquarter of [[Rapid Action Battalion#Location|RAB]] and a camp of [[River Police (Bangladesh)|River Police]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ansar and VDP, Rajshahi Range |url=https://ansarvdp.rajshahidiv.gov.bd/en |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=ansarvdp.rajshahidiv.gov.bd |archive-date=13 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240213230750/http://ansarvdp.rajshahidiv.gov.bd/en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Border Guard Bangladesh |url=https://bgb.rajshahidiv.gov.bd/en |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=bgb.rajshahidiv.gov.bd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=River police force begins operating in Rajshahi |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/180134/river-police-force-begins-operating-in-rajshahi |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Rajshahi City Corporation.jpg|thumb|right|[[Rajshahi City Corporation]] headquarter|256x256px]]
Rajshahi is the headquarter of one of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Divisional Commissioner, who is the administrative chief of Rajshahi Division, DIG for Rajshahi division and other divisional civil servants have their own offices in the city, which functions as part of the government administrative setup. Deputy Commissioner (DC) who is the administrative chief of Rajshahi District, Civil Surgeon and other district level civil servants have their offices in the city. District judges as well as Metropolitan magistrates have their offices within the city.


Rajshahi is one of seven metropolitan cities in Bangladesh. One mayor and 30 ward commissioners are elected for five-year terms by direct votes. [[Rajshahi City Corporation]] is responsible for all the administrative work related to city governance under its jurisdiction.
==Demographics==
{{bar box
|title=Religions in Rajshahi city (2022)<ref name="khulnacensus"/>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Islam in Bangladesh|Islam]]|green|94.15}}
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism in Bangladesh|Hinduism]]|darkorange|5.09}}
{{bar percent|[[Christianity in Bangladesh|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|0.51}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhism in Bangladesh|Buddhism]]|yellow|0.02}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.04}}
}}


[[Rajshahi Metropolitan Police]] (RMP), headed by a Commissioner, controls law and order as well as traffic movements within the metropolitan area.
At the time of the 2022 census, Rajshahi had a population of 553,288 in 213,467 households. Rajshahi has a sex ratio of 942 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 75.17%<ref name="khulnacensus">{{Cite web |title=Community Series - Rajshahi District |url=http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCen2011/Rajshahi.pdf |website=bbs.gov.bd |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |access-date=16 December 2022 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929195632/http://203.112.218.65:8008/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/PopCen2011/Rajshahi.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>


Rajshahi Unnayan Kortripokhkho/Rajshahi Development Authority (RDA) plans and coordinates the development related works within metropolitan area. Rajshahi WASA is responsible for water supply and drainage system within city area.
[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the main language for the citizens of the city. Many distinctive Bengali dialects and regional languages are also spoken. There is a minority Urdu-speaking population, who are descendants of displaced Muslims from the eastern part of British India who sought refuge during the separation of India and Pakistan in 1947.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajshahi – BoNY |url=https://www.bengalisofnewyork.com/rajshahi/ |access-date=2025-02-19 |language=en-US}}</ref>


== Economy ==
== Economy ==
{{See also|Rajshahi silk}}
{{See also|Rajshahi silk}}
Apart from the usual agricultural products of Bangladesh, such as rice, wheat, potatoes and [[lentil]]s, Rajshahi and its neighbouring regions are specially suited from various crops such as [[mango]]es, [[lichi]]s, [[sugarcane]], [[tomato]]es and [[watermelon]]s. In spite of being an important city and located on a riverbank, industrial development in Rajshahi has not taken place to any great extent. There is an industrial park in Rajshahi, which is now mainly home to industries producing products of the famous [[Rajshahi silk]]. The head office of regulatory board for [[sericulture]], [[Bangladesh Sericulture Development Board]], is based in the city. Rajshahi is also home to a number of jute, textile and sugar mills, pharmaceutical and mango based industries. Two 50 MW power plants have been built at Katakhali to meet the growing electricity demand of the city.
{{Pie chart
|[
{"label": "Trade", "value": 42},
{"label": "Transportation and storage", "value": 23},
{"label": "Education", "value": 17},
{"label": "Manufacturing", "value": 8},
{"label": "Accommodation", "value": 6},
{"label": "Health", "value": 2},
{"label": "Other", "value": 2},
]
| labelformat = $percent [$value]: $label
| thumb = left
| legend = true
| autoscale = true
| caption = Key Economic Activities in Rajshahi<ref name= "meow">{{Cite web |title=Factsheet {{!}} Rajshahi City in Bangladesh |url=https://www.apn-gcr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Factsheet-Rajshahi-City-in-Bangladesh.pdf |access-date=23 August 2025 |website=[[Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research]] |archive-date=29 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240229230901/https://www.apn-gcr.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Factsheet-Rajshahi-City-in-Bangladesh.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| radius = 100
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Rajshahi’s economy is composed of trade (42%), transportation and storage (23%), education (17%), manufacturing (8%), accommodation (6%), health (2%), and other sectors (2%).<ref name= "meow"/>
 
Rajshahi has been famous for its silk textiles since the British period, which has a special status as clothing material in the Indian subcontinent. There are also several jute mills in Rajshahi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fresh lifeline to northern jute mills |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-161032 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> It is the home of the region's best mangoes.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-28 |title=From blossoms to bounty: The mango season that revives Rajshahi |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/features/panorama/blossoms-bounty-mango-season-revives-rajshahi-1176156 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> The lichis of the city also has a great popularity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Litchi trees in bloom, hopes for good harvest in Rajshahi {{!}} District |url=https://www.bssnews.net/district/364606 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=BSS |archive-date=28 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260228123700/https://www.bssnews.net/district/364606 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
Rajshahi City Corporation has constructed two [[Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation]]. Industrial City-01 is located near the Rajshahi Cantonment, and Industrial City-02 is located in Paba Upazila. BSCIC-1 is operational,<ref>{{Cite web |title=27 entrepreneurs get BSCIC plot allocations in Rajshahi |url=https://www.bssnews.net/news-flash/152990 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=BSS}}</ref> but BSCIC-2 did not attract any significant investment.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2025-07-26 |title=Rajshahi’s BSCIC-2 stalls amid high price of plots, absence of utility services |url=https://www.newagebd.net/post/mis/271255/rajshahis-bscic-2-stalls-amid-high-price-of-plots-absence-of-utility-services |access-date=2026-03-22 |work=[[New Age (Bangladesh)]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-08 |title=High plot price drives away entrepreneurs from Rajshahi Bscic-2 |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/industry/high-plot-price-drives-away-entrepreneurs-rajshahi-bscic-2-564478 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref>
[[File:Rajshahi Hi-Tech Park.jpg|thumb|Silicon Tower, Rajshahi Hi-Tech Park]]
The Silicon Tower in Rajshahi Hi-Tech Park has attracted significant interest from investors, with 16 different companies currently occupying the facility, including [[Starlink]]. Out of these, 11 companies are operational. Bondstein Technology, a local company involved in the infrastructure development and management for Starlink in Bangladesh, plans to establish a Robotics and [[Internet of things|IoT]] Research Center within the park.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-16 |title=Renewed investment optimism at Rajshahi Hi-Tech Park after 5 August pause |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/tech/renewed-investment-optimism-rajshahi-hi-tech-park-after-august-5-pause-1213106 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref>


[[Bangladesh Bank]], the central bank of Bangladesh, has a regional office in the city. [[Rajshahi Krishi Unnayan Bank]], a nationalised bank with its head office at Rajshahi, is working in a mission to help to develop the agriculture sector of Rajshahi and Rangpur division. Barind Multipurpose Development Authority (BMDA), a government organization for the integrated development of Rajshahi and Rangpur division, has its head office in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bmda.gov.bd/|title=BMDA}}</ref> The head office of the Western Zone of [[Bangladesh Railway]] is located in this city.
In 2025, [[PRAN-RFL Group|Pran-RFL]] revived Barendra Rajshahi Textile Mills after 22 years, creating 2,000 jobs in just 6 months. They aim to create a total of 12,000 jobs with a planned investment of 350 crore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-06 |title=Pran-RFL's Barendra Rajshahi Textile creates 2,000 jobs in just 6 months, aims for 12,000 |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/economy/industry/pran-rfls-barendra-rajshahi-textile-creates-2000-jobs-just-6-months-aims-12000v |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref>


An estimated 14,000 new jobs are expected to be created with the construction of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Hi-Tech Park in Rajshahi, one of the 28 software technology parks the government is building countrywide as part of its Digital Bangladesh programme.
There is also a char on the banks of the river Padma near the city of Rajshahi. Rajshahi City Corporation has plans to build another economic zone on the char. When the construction of the char is completed, it will become the commercial center of [[North Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bss |first=Rajshahi |date=2016-07-31 |title=Rajshahi to get economic zone by 2019 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/economic-zone-going-be-set-rajshahi-1261987 |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en |archive-date=16 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816014338/http://www.thedailystar.net/city/economic-zone-going-be-set-rajshahi-1261987 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Culture==
==Culture==
===Arts and festivals===
===Arts and festivals===
[[File:Pohela Boishak rally at Rajshahi.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Pahela Baishakh|Bengali New Year / বাংলা নববর্ষ]] celebration rally at Rajshahi city]]
[[File:Pohela Boishak rally at Rajshahi.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Pahela Baishakh|Bengali New Year / বাংলা নববর্ষ]] celebration rally at Rajshahi city]]
Rajshahi is famous for [[Rajshahi silk]], which has a special status as clothing material in Indian subcontinent. Rajshahi is the home of the region's best mangoes and lichis. Rajshahi is also the location of [[Barendra Museum]], which is known for its collection of local sculpture and other artifacts dating from medieval times. It also has some important structures made by the British like the T Dam.
Rajshahi is also the location of [[Barendra Museum]], which is known for its collection of local sculptures and other artifacts dating from medieval times.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Varendra Museum: A Review of the First Museum of Bangladesh |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/life-living/news/varendra-museum-review-the-first-museum-bangladesh-3066226 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en |archive-date=2 September 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240902065545/https://www.thedailystar.net/life-living/news/varendra-museum-review-the-first-museum-bangladesh-3066226 |url-status=live }}</ref>


''[[Pohela Baishakh]]'', the Bengali New Year, and [[Pahela Falgun]], the first day of [[Spring (season)|spring]] of the Bengali month [[Falgun]], in the [[Bengali calendar]], is celebrated in the city in a festive manner. There are widespread celebration of [[Muslim]] festivals of [[Eid ul-Fitr]], [[Eid ul-Adha]], and [[Muharram]]; Hindu festivals of [[Durga Puja]], Buddhist festival of [[Buddha Purnima]]; and the Christian festival of [[Christmas]] across the city.
''[[Pohela Baishakh]]'', the Bengali New Year, and [[Pahela Falgun]], the first day of [[Spring (season)|spring]] of the Bengali month [[Falgun]], in the [[Bengali calendar]], is festively celebrated in the city. There are widespread celebrations of [[Muslim]] festivals of [[Eid ul-Fitr]], [[Eid ul-Adha]], and [[Muharram]];<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eid, approaching summer boost Rajshahi silk sales |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/eid-approaching-summer-boost-rajshahi-silk-sales-4127536 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en |archive-date=13 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260313072312/https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/eid-approaching-summer-boost-rajshahi-silk-sales-4127536 |url-status=live }}</ref> Hindu festivals of [[Durga Puja]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Puja shopping gains momentum in Rajshahi {{!}} Business |url=https://www.bssnews.net/business/315315 |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=BSS |archive-date=15 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260215085446/https://www.bssnews.net/business/315315 |url-status=live }}</ref> the Buddhist festival of [[Buddha Purnima]]; and the Christian festival of [[Christmas]] across the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christmas Day celebrated in Rajshahi |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/399570/christmas-day-celebrated-in-rajshahi |access-date=2026-03-22 |website=Dhaka Tribune |language=en}}</ref>


===Media & Press Club===
===Media===
There are many Bengali daily newspapers published from the city, including ''[https://sonalisangbad.com/ Sonali Sangbad]'', ''[https://www.dailysunshine.com.bd/ Sunshine]'', ''Dainik Barta'', ''[https://dailysonardesh.com/ Sonar Desh]'', ''Natun Provat'', and ''Amader Rajshahi''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rajshahi.gov.bd/node/207115/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE|script-title=bn:পত্র-পত্রিকা|language=bn}}</ref> There are also many online news portal such as [https://uttarkal.com/ Uttarkal], [https://www.padmatimes24.com/ Padmatimes24], rajshahinews24.com, silkcitynews.com, and others.
There are many Bengali daily newspapers published in the city, including ''Sonali Sangbad'', ''Uttorbongo Protidin'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uttorbongoprotidin.com/|title=UttorbongoProtidin.Com 24/7 Bengali and English National Newsportal from Bangladesh.|website=UttorbongoProtidin.Com 24/7 Bengali and English National Newsportal from Bangladesh.|access-date=18 January 2024|archive-date=12 April 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240412180652/https://uttorbongoprotidin.com/|url-status=live}}</ref> Shadhin Janapad,<ref>{{Cite web|url= https://www.shadhinjanapad.com/|script-title=bn:স্বাধীন জনপদ|language=Bengali}}</ref> ''Sunshine'', ''Dainik Barta'', ''Sonar Desh'', ''Natun Provat'', and ''Amader Rajshahi''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rajshahi.gov.bd/node/207115/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE|script-title=bn:পত্র-পত্রিকা|language=bn}}</ref> There are also many online news portal such as Uttarkal, Padmatimes24, AjkerRajshahi, rajshahinews24.com, silkcitynews.com, Priyojon TV and others.{{Citation needed|date=March 2026}}


The government-run [[Bangladesh Television]] and [[Bangladesh Betar]] have transmission centres in Rajshahi.
State-owned [[Bangladesh Television]] and [[Bangladesh Betar]] have transmission centers in Rajshahi. The BTV [[BTV Rajshahi|relay station]] in Rajshahi is headquartered in the Kazihata neighborhood and has been operating since 2001.<ref name="rajshahi">{{Cite news|script-title=bn:অবশেষে আসছে বিটিভির 'রাজশাহী উপকেন্দ্র'|url=https://www.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/38679.details|date=3 May 2011|access-date=8 November 2024|work=BanglaNews24|language=bn|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830183138/https://www.banglanews24.com/national/news/bd/38679.details|archive-date=30 August 2024}}</ref>


A local FM radio station, [[Radio Padma]], transmits at 99.2 [[MHz]] frequency and [[Radio Foorti]] transmits at 88.0 [[MHz]].
A local FM radio station, [[Radio Padma]], transmits at 99.2 [[MHz]] frequency and [[Radio Foorti]] transmits at 88.0 [[MHz]].


There is also four pressclub in Rajshahi City.Known as Rajshahi City Press Club, Rajshahi Press Club, Rajshahi Metropolitan Press Club and Rajshahi Model Press Club.
There are also five press clubs in Rajshahi City. Known as Rajshahi City Press Club, Rajshahi Press Club, Rajshahi Metropolitan Press Club, Rajshahi Varendra Press Club, and Rajshahi Padma Press Club.


===Sports===
===Sports===
[[File:Shaheed Kamruzzaman Stadium (28686945853).jpg|thumb|right|[[Shaheed Qamaruzzaman Stadium]]]]
[[File:Shaheed Kamruzzaman Stadium (28686945853).jpg|thumb|right|[[Shaheed Qamaruzzaman Stadium]]]]
There are three 15,000+ capacity stadium in the city. One at the centre of the city which is normally called the [[Rajshahi District Stadium]], another is inside the Rajshahi University and the last one basically used for cricket is located at Terokhadia called [[Shaheed Qamaruzzaman Stadium]]. There is also an international standard tennis complex and few sports training academy in the city.
There are three 15,000+ capacity stadiums in the city. One is at the center of the city which is normally called the [[Rajshahi District Stadium]], another is inside the Rajshahi University and the last one used for cricket is located at Terokhadia called [[Shaheed Qamaruzzaman Stadium]]. This is the home ground of [[Rajshahi Division cricket team]]. There is also an international standard tennis complex and a few sports training academies in the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Muktijuddho Sriti Stadium (Rajshahi District Stadium), former home to Fortis FC, Bangladesh - Football Ground Map |url=https://www.footballgroundmap.com/ground/muktijuddho-sriti-stadium-rajshahi-district-stadium/swadhinata-ks |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=www.footballgroundmap.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Shahid Kamruzzaman Stadium - Cricket Ground in Rajshahi, Bangladesh |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricket-grounds/shahid-kamruzzaman-stadium-rajshahi-56669 |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}</ref>


Many national level footballers groomed in the city such as arguably the best goalkeeper in Bangladesh history. The city is the home of several national level club teams like [[Digonto Proshari]] and [[Sonali Otit]]. There are also a few football training academies including one in the Rajshahi's central ''eidgah'' (large open ground used on special occasions for Muslim prayers) and in the Zilla stadium.
Many national-level footballers groomed in the city such as former [[Bangladesh national football team|Bangladesh national team]] captain [[Mohammed Mohsin (footballer, born 1963)|Mohammed Mohsin]] and recent midfielder [[Manik Hossain Molla]]. The city is the home of several national-level club teams like Diganta Proshari Sangha<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-89280|title=Champions Club Cup from today|date=22 May 2009|access-date=21 January 2024|work=The Daily Star}}</ref> and Sonali Otit Club. There are also a few football training academies including one in Rajshahi's central ''eidgah'' (large open ground used on special occasions for Muslim prayers) and in the Zilla stadium.


The city is an important place for cricket in Bangladesh. As regular supplier of cricketer in the national team, it is also the home of [[Bangladesh Premier League]] team [[Rajshahi Kings]]. The city has two cricket academies Banglatrack and Clemon, to grow and train upcoming cricketers.
The city is an important place for cricket in Bangladesh. As a regular supplier of cricketers in the national team, it is also the home of [[Bangladesh Premier League]] team [[Rajshahi Kings|Rajshahi Warriors]], which won the BPL title once. The city has two cricket academies, Banglatrack and Clemon, to grow and train upcoming cricketers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khulna Tigers vs Rajshahi Royals, Final, Jan 17, Bangladesh Premier League 2019-20 |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/live-cricket-scores/24409/klt-vs-rsr-final-bangladesh-premier-league-2019-20 |access-date=2025-02-19 |website=Cricbuzz |language=en}}</ref>


Rajshahi is also known for hockey. There are many local hockey practice clubs that give opportunity to play in national, inter-university, college, and school levels. There are National Team hockey players from Rajshahi. Late Mintu was one of them and by his name there is "Mintu Chottor" at lokkhipur mor, Rajshahi.
Rajshahi is also known for hockey. Many local hockey practice clubs allow playing at national, inter-university, college, and school levels. There are National Team hockey players from Rajshahi. Late Mintu was one of them and by his name, there is "Mintu Chottor" at Lokkhipur Mor, Rajshahi.
 
It also has multiple Tennis complexes, which regularly host national and international competitions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajshahi ready to host international tennis tournament {{!}} District |url=https://www.bssnews.net/district/317391 |access-date=2025-11-16 |website=BSS}}</ref>
 
=== Achievements ===
Rajshahi has received the National Environment Award in 2013 and 2021,<ref name="dt4Jan2020" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rajshahi City Corporation wins National Environment Award 2021 |url=https://businesspostbd.com/corporate/rajshahi-city-corporation-wins-national-environment-award-2021-2022-06-07 |access-date=2025-03-09 |website=businesspostbd.com |language=en}}</ref> and the Environment Friendly City of the Year title in 2020.<ref name="tbs4Jan2020" /> The city also earned the Prime Minister's National Award for Tree Plantation in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013.<ref name=":7">{{Cite news |date= |title=RCC takes steps to check air pollution |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/233110 |access-date=2025-03-09 |work=Daily Sun |language=en}}</ref>


==Transport==
==Transport==
[[File:Rajshahi Railway Station.jpg|thumb|Rajshahi central railway station]]


===Road===
===Road===
Rajshahi is connected to most other parts of the country via the [[N6 (Bangladesh)|N6]] national highway. There are two intercity bus terminal in the city. It takes about 5 to 6 hours by road to reach the capital city [[Dhaka]]. A number of bus services, including air-conditioned and non-air conditioned buses, are available to and from Dhaka. Bus services to other major cities and districts headquarter are also available from Rajshahi.
Rajshahi is connected to most other parts of the country via the [[N6 (Bangladesh)|N6]] national highway. There are two intercity bus terminals in the city. It takes about 5 to 6 hours by road to reach the capital city [[Dhaka]]. Several bus services, including air-conditioned, non-air-conditioned and [[sleeper bus|sleeper]] buses, are available to and from Dhaka. Bus services to other major cities and the district's headquarters are also available from Rajshahi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=1,700km more rural roads being constructed in Rajshahi |url=https://www.bssnews.net/news/159892 |work=Bangladesh Sanbad Sangstha }}</ref>
[[File:shah mokhdum airport.JPG|thumb|right|[[Shah Makhdum Airport]], Rajshahi]]


===Railway===
===Railway===
Four inter-city train services are operated by Bangladesh Railway, named ''Silk City Express'', ''Padma Express'' and ''Dhumketu Express'', and [[Bonolota Express]] between Dhaka and [[Rajshahi railway station]] regularly.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/dhaka-rajshahi-new-train-service-bonolota-express-starts-test-run-1734586|title=First Rajshahi-Dhaka direct train launched|newspaper=The Daily Star|access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> There are other inter-city, mail and local trains operated from Rajshahi to [[Khulna]] and other regions of the country.
[[File:Rajshahi Railway Station Building.jpg|thumb|Rajshahi central railway station]]
Rajshahi has a central railway station with a total of five platforms. This station is the home of five intercity trains.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-06-02 |title=Rajshahi Railway Station - Train Schedule, Tickets, Contact & Facilities |url=https://bangladeshrailwaybd.com/rajshahi-railway-station/ |access-date=2025-08-29 |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
Four inter-city train services are operated by Bangladesh Railway, named ''Silk City Express'', ''Padma Express'' and ''Dhumketu Express'', and [[Bonolota Express]] between Dhaka and [[Rajshahi railway station]] regularly.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/dhaka-rajshahi-new-train-service-bonolota-express-starts-test-run-1734586|title=First Rajshahi-Dhaka direct train launched|newspaper=The Daily Star|access-date=11 July 2019|archive-date=21 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821205501/https://www.thedailystar.net/city/dhaka-rajshahi-new-train-service-bonolota-express-starts-test-run-1734586|url-status=live}}</ref> There are other inter-city trains operated from Rajshahi to [[Khulna]] and other regions of the country. There are also mail/express trains.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Intercity and mail/express trains |url=https://railway.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/railway.portal.gov.bd/page/e64d9448_0615_4316_87f0_deb10f5c847d/Intercity%20Trains.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511220001/https://railway.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/railway.portal.gov.bd/page/e64d9448_0615_4316_87f0_deb10f5c847d/Intercity%20Trains.pdf |archive-date=2024-05-11 |access-date=2025-08-29 |website=railway.portal.gov.bd}}</ref>
 
There are two other railway stations in the city, ''Rajshahi Court'' and ''Rajshahi University''.


===Air===
===Air===
The city is served by [[Shah Makhdum Airport]], named after the Islamic preacher [[Shah Makhdum Rupos]], situated at Nowhata, a commuter town of the city. [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]], [[Novoair]], and [[US-Bangla Airlines]] operate domestic flights to and from [[Dhaka]].
[[File:shah mokhdum airport.JPG|thumb|right|[[Shah Makhdum Airport]], Rajshahi]]
[[File:Raj.tomtom.jpg|thumb|right|[[Horse-drawn vehicle|Tomtom]]]]
 
The city is served by [[Shah Makhdum Airport]], named after the Islamic preacher [[Shah Makhdum Rupos]], situated at Nowhata, a commuter town of the city. [[Biman Bangladesh Airlines]], [[Novoair]], and [[US-Bangla Airlines]] operate domestic flights to and from [[Dhaka]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Live Flight Tracker - Real-Time Flight Tracker Map |url=https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airports/rjh |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=Flightradar24 |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928052238/https://www.flightradar24.com/data/airports/rjh |url-status=live }}</ref>


===Public transport===
===Public transport===
[[Cycle rickshaw]]s and [[auto rickshaw#Bangladesh|auto rickshaws]] are the main mode of transport within the city and metro area. Once there were plenty of [[Horse-drawn vehicle|Tomtom]] (horse driven cart) in the city, which are still found, but fewer in numbers. There are bus and minibus services in a limited number of routes, connecting suburban areas of the city. Plenty of rental car agencies operate within the city and metro area, where sedans, SUVs, and micro-buses are available to hire on an hourly or daily basis. Ride sharing services like [[Uber]] and ''Obhai'' also available in the city.
Electric [[auto rickshaw#Bangladesh|auto rickshaws]] and electric [[rickshaws in Bangladesh|rickshaws]] are the primary modes of transport within the city and metro area.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Unlicensed auto-rickshaws rise in Rajshahi City |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=434583 |access-date=2024-03-07 |work=The Daily Observer}}</ref> Once there were plenty of [[Horse-drawn vehicle|Tomtoms]] (horse-driven cart) in the city, which have since faded in use. Some parts of the city are also serviced by CNG auto rickshaws.


==Healthcare==
==Healthcare==
The city has many government, private and NGO run hospitals. [[Rajshahi Medical College]] Hospital (RMCH) is a tertiary level public hospital with a teaching facility in graduate and postgraduate medical education. There are also a children's hospital, one chest hospital, a district level government hospital and a Christian missionary hospital within the city area. There are two private medical college hospitals, and another two are under construction in the city.
[[File:Islami Bank Medical College & Hospital 04.jpg|thumb|Islami Bank Medical College & Hospital]]
The city has many government, private and NGO-run hospitals. [[Rajshahi Medical College]] Hospital (RMCH) is a tertiary-level public hospital with a teaching facility for graduate and postgraduate medical education. There are two private medical college hospitals, and another two are under construction in the city. There is also a government-run children's hospital, one chest hospital, a district-level government hospital, and a Christian missionary hospital within the city area.<ref>{{Cite web |script-title=bn:রাজশাহী মেডিকেল কলেজ হাসপাতাল, রাজশাহী |url=https://rmch.portal.gov.bd/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=rmch.portal.gov.bd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |script-title=bn:আমাদের সম্পর্কে – RMCH |url=https://rmch.gov.bd/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |language=en-US}}</ref>


==Demographics==
== Education ==
[[File:Administration Building, University of Rajshahi.jpg|right|200px|thumb| Administrative building of [[University of Rajshahi]]]]
 
[[File:Administration Building of Rajshshi College.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Administrative building of [[Rajshahi College]]]]


Population of the city proper is about 0.77 million.<ref name="citypopulation.de"/> The metro area (which includes satellite towns of Nowhata and Katakhali) has an estimated population of about 1 million.
[[File:Rajshahi Medical College 37.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Administrative building of [[Rajshahi Medical College]]]]


[[Bengali language|Bengali]] is the main language for the citizens of the city. Many distinctive Bengali dialects and regional languages are also spoken. There is a minority Urdu-speaking population, who are descendants of displaced Muslims from the eastern part of British India who sought refuge during separation of India and Pakistan in 1947.
Rajshahi, commonly referred to as '''Education City''' ''(Sikkha Nogori)'', is home to many government, private and autonomous educational institutions.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=শিক্ষার প্রাণকেন্দ্র রাজশাহী |url=https://bonikbarta.com/magazine/KOmw4IUs/npa9hTTa0SElX0Yh |access-date=2026-01-01 |website=[[Bonik Barta]]}}</ref>


The literacy rate of the city is 74.1%. Islam makes up about 86% of total population; about 13% people follow Hinduism, and 1% follow other religions like Buddhism, Jain, Sikh and Christianity.{{Citation needed|date=June 2016}}<!-- needed for all religions -->
The [[Secondary school|secondary]] and [[Higher secondary school|higher secondary]] institutions in the city fall under the jurisdiction of the [[Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Rajshahi]].<ref name=":1" />


== Education ==
The city is home to the [[Rajshahi College]]- which is the third oldest college in Bangladesh after [[Dhaka College]], and [[Chittagong College]]. [[Rajshahi Medical College]] is the second oldest medical college in erstwhile East Pakistan. The [[University of Rajshahi]] is the second oldest and one of the largest public universities in the country. Rajshahi Engineering College, now known as [[RUET]], was the second engineering college established in East Pakistan in 1964. For Technical Education [[Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute]] was Established in 1963, This Institute is under the [[Bangladesh Technical Education Board]].''<ref name=":1" />''


[[File:Administration Building, University of Rajshahi.jpg|right|200px|thumb| Administrative building of [[Rajshahi University]]]]
Rajshahi consistently leads in pass rates and GPA 5 achievements in [[Secondary School Certificate (Bangladesh)|SSC]] and [[Higher Secondary Certificate|HSC]] results.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2024 |script-title=bn:রাজশাহী শিক্ষা বোর্ডে সেরা রাজশাহী, দ্বিতীয় বগুড়া |url=https://thedailycampus.com/higher-secondary/156619 |access-date=5 January 2025 |website=The Daily Campus}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Rajshahi Board attains 81.24 pc pass rate in HSC exams {{!}} News |url=https://www.bssnews.net/news/216374#:~:text=RAJSHAHI,%20Oct%2015,%202024%20(,Secondary%20Certificate%20(HSC)%20examinations. |access-date=2025-01-05 |work=BSS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Rajshahi Education Board attains 89.26 pc successes in SSC {{!}} News |url=https://www.bssnews.net/news/188628 |access-date=2025-01-05 |work=BSS}}</ref>
[[File:সাবাশ বাংলাদেশ.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Shabash Bangladesh]], a sculpture commemorating the liberation war]]
[[File:Rajshahi College 3.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Administrative building of [[Rajshahi College]], one of the oldest educational institutes of Bangladesh]]
Rajshahi is home to many government and private educational institutions. The city is home to the [[Rajshahi College]]- which is the third oldest college in Bangladesh after [[Dhaka College]], and [[Chittagong College]], [[Rajshahi Medical College]], the second oldest medical college in erstwhile East Pakistan. The [[University of Rajshahi]] is the second oldest and one of the largest public universities in the country. Rajshahi Engineering College, now known as [[RUET]], was the second engineering college established in the then East Pakistan in 1964.


Major educational institutes include:
===Notable educational institutions===
{{Main|List of educational institutions in Rajshahi}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Barind Medical College]]
* [[University of Rajshahi]]
* [[Rajshahi Cantonment Public School & College]]
* [[Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology]]  
* [[Seroil Government High School, Rajshahi]]
* [[North Bengal International University]]
* [[Government Laboratory High School Rajshahi]]
* [[Rajshahi Medical University]]
* Government Women's College, Rajshahi
* [[Institute of Health Technology, Rajshahi]]
* [[Haji Abul Hossain Institute of Technology, Rajshahi]]
* [[Rajshahi Medical College]]
* Higher Secondary Teacher's Training Institute
*Haji Muhammad Mohsin Government High School, Rajshahi
* [[Islami Bank Medical College]]
* [[Islami Bank Medical College]]
* [[Mohanogor College, Rajshahi]]
* [[Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute]]
* [[Rajshahi College]]
* [[New Government Degree College, Rajshahi]]
* [[New Government Degree College, Rajshahi]]
* [[North Bengal International University]]
* [[Nowhata Govt. Degree College]], Nowhata, Rajshshi
* [[Rajshahi College]]
* [[Rajshahi Government City College]]
* [[Rajshahi Government City College]]
* Rajshahi Education Board Model School & College
* [[Shahid A.H.M. Kamaruzzaman Govt. Degree College]]
* [[Rajshahi Collegiate School|Rajshahi Government Collegiate School]]
* [[Rajshahi Collegiate School]]
* [[Rajshahi Medical College]]
* [[Masjid Mission Academy]]
* Rajshahi Model School & College
* [[Govt. Laboratory High School, Rajshahi]]
* Rajshahi Mohila Polytechnic Institute
* [[Rajshahi Government Girls' High School]]
* Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute
* [[Haji Muhammad Mohsin Government High School, Rajshahi]]
* [[Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology]]
* [[Rajshahi Loknath High School]]
* Shah Mokhdum College
* Shah Mokhdum Medical College
* Silk Research and Training Institute
* Teacher's Training College
* [[Udayan Dental College]]
* [[University of Rajshahi]]
* [[Rajshahi University School]]
* [[Rajshahi University School]]
* [[Varendra Government College, Rajshahi]]
* [[Varendra University]]
{{div col end}}
{{div col end}}


==Notable residents==
==Notable residents==
* [[Khabeeruddin Ahmed]], politician
* [[Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman]], politician
* [[Abul Hasnat Muhammad Qamaruzzaman|A.H.M. Quamruzzaman]], politician
* [[A. H. M. Khairuzzaman Liton]], politician
* Amir Ali, MLA, politician
* [[Akshay Kumar Maitreya]], historian
*Ataur Rahman, Politician and former Governor
* [[Ritwik Ghatak]], filmmaker
*[[Hasan Azizul Huq]], linguist
*[[Fazle Hossain Badsha]], Politician
* [[Selina Hossain]], novelist
* [[Andrew Kishore]], singer
* [[Andrew Kishore]], singer
*[[Rajanikanta Sen]], Poet
* [[Manzila Uddin, Baroness Uddin|Baroness Uddin]], activist
* [[Akshay Kumar Maitreya]], historian
* [[Bidya Sinha Saha Mim]], actress
*[[A. H. M. Khairuzzaman Liton]], Politician
* [[Enamul Karim Nirjhar]], architect
* [[Fazle Hossain Badsha]], politician
* [[Hasanuzzaman Khan Bablu]], footballer
* [[Hasan Azizul Huq]], linguist
* [[Ila Mitra]], activist
* [[Jadunath Sarkar]], historian
* [[Junaid Siddique]], cricketer
* [[Khaled Mashud]], cricketer
* [[Khaled Mashud]], cricketer
* [[Ila Mitra]], activist
* [[Mahiya Mahi]], actress
* [[Sabbir Rahman]], cricketer
* [[Malay Bhowmick]], playwright and director
* [[Sir Jadunath Sarkar]], historian
* [[Manik Hossain Molla]], footballer
* [[Mizanur Rahman Minu]], politician
* [[Mohammad A. Arafat]], politician
* [[Mohammed Mohsin (footballer, born 1963)|Mohammed Mohsin]], footballer
* [[Mohammad Shamsuzzoha]], academic
* [[Mohammad Shamsuzzoha]], academic
* [[Junaid Siddique]], cricketer
* [[Mostakim Wazed]], footballer
* [[Mrinal Haque]], sculptor
* [[Najmul Hossain Shanto]], cricketer
* [[Najmul Hossain Shanto]], cricketer
* [[Enamul Karim Nirjhar]], architect
* [[Nusrat Imrose Tisha]], actress
*[[Mizanur Rahman Minu]], Politician
* [[Rajanikanta Sen]], poet
*[[Mahiya Mahi]], Actress
* [[Ritwik Ghatak]], filmmaker
*[[Malay Bhowmick]], Playwriter and director
* [[Sabbir Rahman]], cricketer
*[[Shahriar Alam (politician)|Shahriar Alam]], politician
* [[Saleh Hasan Naqib]], researcher
*[[Mrinal Haque]], sculptor
* [[Sarfaraz Ahmed Rafiqui]], fighter pilot
* [[Selina Hossain]], novelist
* [[Shahriar Alam (politician)|Shahriar Alam]], politician
* [[Shakil Hossain (footballer)|Shakil Hossain]], footballer


==Twin towns and sister cities==
==Twin towns and sister cities==
Rajshahi's twin town and sister city is:
Rajshahi's twin town and [[Sister city|sister cities]] are:
* {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Kristiansand]], Norway (1979)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kristiansand.kommune.no/aktuelt/kunstlotteri-for-rajshahi/ |title=Kunstlotteri for Rajshahi |trans-title=Art lottery for Rajshahi |website=Kristiansand Municipality |language=no |quote=[Every three years Kristiansands schools and kindergartens hold an action for Rajshahi in Bangladesh, our sister city since 1979.]}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|Norway}} [[Kristiansand]], Norway (1979)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kristiansand.kommune.no/aktuelt/kunstlotteri-for-rajshahi/ |title=Kunstlotteri for Rajshahi |trans-title=Art lottery for Rajshahi |website=Kristiansand Municipality |language=no |quote=[Every three years Kristiansands schools and kindergartens hold an action for Rajshahi in Bangladesh, our sister city since 1979.] }}{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Norway keens to Rajshahi city's development: Envoy  |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news/184474 |access-date=2025-02-21 |work=The Daily Observer}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|China}} [[Yiyang]], China (2018)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh's Rajshahi city signs friendship LoI with China's Yiyang city |url=https://en.imsilkroad.com/p/115447.html}}</ref>


== See also ==
== See also ==
* [[Rajshahi District]]
* [[Rajshahi Division]]
* [[North Bengal]]
* [[North Bengal Province]]
* [[List of cities and towns in Bangladesh]]
* [[List of cities and towns in Bangladesh]]
* [[Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology]]
{{Portal|Bangladesh}}
* [[Rajshahi University]]
 
 


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=note}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Sister project links|Rajshahi|voy=Rajshahi}}
{{Sister project links|Rajshahi|voy=Rajshahi}}
* [http://www.amaderrajshahi.com/rajshahi/images/Rajsahi_Disrict.png Map of Rajshahi District]
* [http://www.amaderrajshahi.com/rajshahi/images/Rajsahi_Disrict.png Map of Rajshahi District]
* [http://www.erajshahi.gov.bd/app/index/index.php E-Rajshahi (in English)], an online portal for information and government services managed by Rajshahi City Corporation
* [http://www.erajshahi.gov.bd/app/index/index.php E-Rajshahi (in English)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110101130700/http://www.erajshahi.gov.bd/app/index/index.php |date=1 January 2011 }}, an online portal for information and government services managed by Rajshahi City Corporation
* [http://www.financialexpress-bd.com/index3.asp?cnd=3/6/2006&section_id=8&newsid=17737&spcl=no FinancialExpress-bd.com], News about LSE survey
* [http://www.financialexpress-bd.com/index3.asp?cnd=3/6/2006&section_id=8&newsid=17737&spcl=no FinancialExpress-bd.com], News about LSE survey
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060210014327/http://www.betar.org.bd/Engineer.htm Betar.org.be], Radio Bangladesh website for information on Bangladesh Betar
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060210014327/http://www.betar.org.bd/Engineer.htm Betar.org.be], Radio Bangladesh website for information on Bangladesh Betar
* [http://www.world-airport-codes.com/bangladesh/rajshahi-6196.html World-Airport-Codes.com], information on Shah Mokhdum Airport
* [http://www.world-airport-codes.com/bangladesh/rajshahi-6196.html World-Airport-Codes.com], information on Shah Mokhdum Airpor
*[http://24x7upnews.com/ Uttorbongo Protidin], a popular online Newspaper from Rajshahi.
 
{{Geographic location
| Centre = Rajshahi
| North = [[Mohanpur Upazila]], [[Rajshahi District]]
| Northeast = [[Durgapur Upazila, Rajshahi|Durgapur Upazila]], [[Rajshahi District]]
| East = [[Puthia Upazila]], [[Rajshahi District]]
| Southeast = [[Charghat Upazila]], [[Rajshahi District]]
| South = [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| Southwest = [[West Bengal]], [[India]]
| West = [[Godagari Upazila]], [[Rajshahi District]]
| Northwest = [[Tanore Upazila]], [[Rajshahi District]]
}}


{{Largest cities of Bangladesh}}
{{Rajshahi}}
{{BDeshCities}}
{{Bangladesh cities}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}


Latest revision as of 21:34, 25 March 2026

Rajshahi
রাজশাহী
Metropolis
Skyline of Rajshahi City
Rajshahi at night
Nagar Bhabon Rajshahi
Nicknames: 
Education City,
Silk City[1]
Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 501: Unable to find the specified location map definition: "Module:Location map/data/Bangladesh Rajshahi division" does not exist.
Coordinates: 24°22.476′N 88°36.027′E / 24.374600°N 88.600450°E / 24.374600; 88.600450
Country Bangladesh
DivisionRajshahi
DistrictRajshahi
Establishment1634
Municipality1876
Granted city status1991
Government
 • TypeMayor-Council
 • BodyRajshahi City Corporation
 • AdministratorMahfuzur Rahman
 • City Council30 constituencies
 • Parliament1 constituencies
Area
[2][3]
 • Urban
[4]
121 km2 (47 sq mi)
 • Metro
377.1 km2 (145.6 sq mi)
Elevation
23 m (75 ft)
Population
 (2022)[5]
 • Urban
[6]
552,791
 • Urban density4,600/km2 (12,000/sq mi)
 • Metro
[7]
1,032,000
 • Metro density2,700/km2 (7,100/sq mi)
 • Metro rank
4th in Bangladesh
DemonymRajshahian
Languages
 • OfficialBengali • English
 • RegionalNorth Central Bengali
Time zoneUTC+6 (BST)
Postal code
6000, 6100, 620x
National calling code+880
HDI (2023)0.700
high · 6th of 22
UN/LOCODEBD RJH
Calling code+880 721
PoliceRajshahi Metropolitan Police
AirportShah Makhdum Airport
Planning AuthorityRajshahi Development Authority
Water Supply and Sewerage AuthorityRajshahi WASA
Websiteerajshahi.portal.gov.bd

Rajshahi (Script error: The function "langx" does not exist., bn) is a metropolitan city and a major urban, administrative, commercial and educational centre of Bangladesh. It is also the administrative seat of the eponymous division and district. It is also the largest city of North Bengal. Located on the north bank of the Padma River, near the Bangladesh–India border, the city is surrounded by the satellite towns of Nowhata and Katakhali of Paba Upazila, which together build an urban agglomeration of about 1 million population.[9]

Rajshahi is a historic center of silk production. Varendra Research Museum, the oldest of its kind in Bangladesh, is located in the city. Sometimes the city is referred to as the City of Education,[10] on account of being home to many renowned educational institutions of Bangladesh. The head office of Rajshahi Agricultural Development Bank and Barind Multipurpose Development Authority is situated in the city. The Shah Makhdum Airport and Rajshahi railway station serves Rajshahi.

According to The Guardian, Rajshahi is the cleanest city of Bangladesh,[11] and it is also the most environmentally friendly city in the country.[12][13]

History[edit | edit source]

Modern Rajshahi lies in the ancient region of Pundravardhana.[14] The foundation of the city dates to 1634, according to epigraphic records at the mausoleum of Sufi saint Shah Makhdum. The area hosted a Dutch settlement in the 18th century.[15]

Rajshahi district was a part of the Pundra region of ancient Bengal ruled by the Pundra Kingdom. The capital of Prince Vijaya, the king who led military operations in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia was located 14 kilometres (9 mi) to the west of Rajshahi town. Rajshahi was dominated by various Maharajas, Rajas and Zamindars. During Deo Raja's period, the region was known as Mohakalgarh. In 1288-89 the Raja was defeated by Shah Makhdum Rupos.[16] The administrative district was established in 1772 and the municipal corporation during the British Raj in 1876.[17]

Its wealth peaked under the Pala Empire, when the Barind area became an important agricultural and cultural zone.[18] In the Mughal period, the area gained further prominence for its silk production.[19] Rajshahi Raj was the largest zamindari (feudatory kingdom) during the British Raj which occupied a vast position of Bengal.[20] When Nawab Murshid Quli Khan divided the Bengal Subah into 13 divisions in 1717, Rajshahi was included as one of the divisions .[21]

During the British raj, it was also known as "Beuleah" and was the administrative headquarters of the Rajshahi district in Eastern Bengal and Assam. It was originally chosen as a commercial factory for the silk trade, which was being officially encouraged by the agricultural department of that time. The town contained a government college and an industrial school for sericulture. Most of the public buildings were severely damaged by the earthquake of 12 June 1897.[22] Throughout much of the early part of the twentieth century there was a daily steamer service on the Ganges which connected it to rail-heads that led to the then provincial capital of Calcutta as well as other cities in the province of Bengal.

Rajshahi was made a city corporation in 1991.[23]

Etymology[edit | edit source]

The region came to be known as Rampur Boalia after the establishment of an administrative office in 1825. The origin of the present name of "Rajshahi" is debated among scholars. Most say that it takes its name from Hindu Kings Rajshahi Raj (or "Rajas") as Raj and the persianised Shahi; both of which mean "royal" or "kingdom".[24][25]

Geography[edit | edit source]

Topography[edit | edit source]

Geographically Rajshahi is situated within Barind Tract, 23 m (75 ft) above sea level, and lies at 24°22′26″N 88°36′04″E / 24.37389°N 88.60111°E / 24.37389; 88.60111. The city is located on the alluvial plains of the Padma River, which runs through the southern side of the city. It is bounded on the east, north, and west by Paba Upazila (a subdivision of a district) of the district.[26]

Rajshahi District is bounded by Naogaon District to the north, Natore District to the east, and Chapai Nawabganj District and the river Padma & Kushtia District to the south.[26]

Climate[edit | edit source]

Under the Köppen climate classification, Rajshahi has a humid subtropical climate (Cwa), with its coldest month being below 18 °C (64 °F). The climate of Rajshahi is generally marked with monsoons, high temperature, considerable humidity and moderate rainfall. The hot season commences early in March and continues till the middle of July. The maximum mean temperature observed is about 32 to 36 °C (90 to 97 °F) during April, May, June, and July and the minimum temperature recorded in January is about 7 to 16 °C (45 to 61 °F). The highest rainfall is observed during the months of monsoon. The annual rainfall in the district is about 1,448 millimetres (57.0 in).[27] Template:Rajshahi weatherbox Although once noted for its air pollution, since 2014 the levels of particulates have been dramatically reduced by various efforts to switch to cleaner fuels and to battery-powered vehicles, to pave earth streets, to encourage walking and bicycle transport, and to plant vegetation.[11] The levels of PM10 dropped by 67% and PM2.5 which are particularly harmful to human health, dropped from 70 to 37 micrograms per cubic meter between 2014 and 2016.[11] Lowest recorded temperature in Rajshahi was 3.4 °C on 9 January 2003 and highest recorded temperature was 45.1 °C on 18 May 1972.

Parks and greenery[edit | edit source]

Rajshahi Central Park

Shaheed A.H.M Qamaruzzaman Central Park and Zoo is one of the popular public places in Rajshahi city. A wide area with green trees and grass houses different animal species. It is located by the bank of the Padma River. Other parks in the city are Bhubon Mohon Park and Captain Monsur Ali Park. Shahid Zia's children's park is specially designed for children's amusement. The bank of the Padma River along the city is also a destination for recreation. The bank is a planned zone in many parts of the city to accommodate city dwellers for recreation purposes. In 2015, Munsguard Park near the old Dutch Boro Kuthi building and Lalonshah Park near Shahmukhdum Eidgah was built bordering the bank[28] to provide residents a place to enjoy the views of the Padma river. The points of interest of the city includes: Banks of the Padma River, Varendra Research Museum, Shrine of Shah Makhdum Rupos, Shaheed A.H.M Qamaruzzaman Central Park and Zoo, University of Rajshahi, Boro Kuthi, Shahid Zia Park, and Bangabandhu Novo Theatre.[29]

Administration[edit | edit source]

Rajshahi City Corporation headquarter

Rajshahi is the headquarters of one of the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. The Divisional Commissioner, who is the administrative chief of the Rajshahi Division, the DIG for the Rajshahi division, and other divisional civil servants have their own offices in the city, which function as part of the government administrative setup. Deputy Commissioner (DC) who is the administrative chief of Rajshahi District, Civil Surgeon, and other district-level civil servants have their offices in the city. District judges as well as Metropolitan magistrates have their offices within the city.[30]

Rajshahi is one of seven metropolitan cities in Bangladesh. One mayor and 30 ward commissioners are elected for five-year terms by direct votes. Rajshahi City Corporation is responsible for all the administrative work related to city governance under its jurisdiction.[31]

Rajshahi Unnayan Kortripokhkho/Rajshahi Development Authority (RDA) plans and coordinates the development-related works within the metropolitan area. Rajshahi WASA is responsible for the water supply and drainage system within the city area.

Rajshahi Metropolitan Police (RMP), headed by a Commissioner, controls law and order as well as traffic movements within the metropolitan area.[32]

Rajshahi Cantonment is a military base and the headquarters of the Bangladesh Infantry Regiment. The city is home to two battalions of BGB, a battalion of Bangladesh Ansar, a headquarter of RAB and a camp of River Police.[33][34][35]

Demographics[edit | edit source]

Religions in Rajshahi city (2022)[36]
Religion Percent
Islam
 
 94.15%
Hinduism
 
 5.09%
Christianity
 
 0.51%
Buddhism
 
 0.02%
Other or not stated
 
 0.04%

At the time of the 2022 census, Rajshahi had a population of 553,288 in 213,467 households. Rajshahi has a sex ratio of 942 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 75.17%[36]

Bengali is the main language for the citizens of the city. Many distinctive Bengali dialects and regional languages are also spoken. There is a minority Urdu-speaking population, who are descendants of displaced Muslims from the eastern part of British India who sought refuge during the separation of India and Pakistan in 1947.[37]

Economy[edit | edit source]

See also: Rajshahi silk

Key Economic Activities in Rajshahi[38]


Rajshahi’s economy is composed of trade (42%), transportation and storage (23%), education (17%), manufacturing (8%), accommodation (6%), health (2%), and other sectors (2%).[38]

Rajshahi has been famous for its silk textiles since the British period, which has a special status as clothing material in the Indian subcontinent. There are also several jute mills in Rajshahi.[39] It is the home of the region's best mangoes.[40] The lichis of the city also has a great popularity.[41]

Rajshahi City Corporation has constructed two Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation. Industrial City-01 is located near the Rajshahi Cantonment, and Industrial City-02 is located in Paba Upazila. BSCIC-1 is operational,[42] but BSCIC-2 did not attract any significant investment.[43][44]

Silicon Tower, Rajshahi Hi-Tech Park

The Silicon Tower in Rajshahi Hi-Tech Park has attracted significant interest from investors, with 16 different companies currently occupying the facility, including Starlink. Out of these, 11 companies are operational. Bondstein Technology, a local company involved in the infrastructure development and management for Starlink in Bangladesh, plans to establish a Robotics and IoT Research Center within the park.[45]

In 2025, Pran-RFL revived Barendra Rajshahi Textile Mills after 22 years, creating 2,000 jobs in just 6 months. They aim to create a total of 12,000 jobs with a planned investment of 350 crore.[46]

There is also a char on the banks of the river Padma near the city of Rajshahi. Rajshahi City Corporation has plans to build another economic zone on the char. When the construction of the char is completed, it will become the commercial center of North Bengal.[47]

Culture[edit | edit source]

Arts and festivals[edit | edit source]

Bengali New Year / বাংলা নববর্ষ celebration rally at Rajshahi city

Rajshahi is also the location of Barendra Museum, which is known for its collection of local sculptures and other artifacts dating from medieval times.[48]

Pohela Baishakh, the Bengali New Year, and Pahela Falgun, the first day of spring of the Bengali month Falgun, in the Bengali calendar, is festively celebrated in the city. There are widespread celebrations of Muslim festivals of Eid ul-Fitr, Eid ul-Adha, and Muharram;[49] Hindu festivals of Durga Puja,[50] the Buddhist festival of Buddha Purnima; and the Christian festival of Christmas across the city.[51]

Media[edit | edit source]

There are many Bengali daily newspapers published in the city, including Sonali Sangbad, Uttorbongo Protidin,[52] Shadhin Janapad,[53] Sunshine, Dainik Barta, Sonar Desh, Natun Provat, and Amader Rajshahi.[54] There are also many online news portal such as Uttarkal, Padmatimes24, AjkerRajshahi, rajshahinews24.com, silkcitynews.com, Priyojon TV and others.[citation needed]

State-owned Bangladesh Television and Bangladesh Betar have transmission centers in Rajshahi. The BTV relay station in Rajshahi is headquartered in the Kazihata neighborhood and has been operating since 2001.[55]

A local FM radio station, Radio Padma, transmits at 99.2 MHz frequency and Radio Foorti transmits at 88.0 MHz.

There are also five press clubs in Rajshahi City. Known as Rajshahi City Press Club, Rajshahi Press Club, Rajshahi Metropolitan Press Club, Rajshahi Varendra Press Club, and Rajshahi Padma Press Club.

Sports[edit | edit source]

Shaheed Qamaruzzaman Stadium

There are three 15,000+ capacity stadiums in the city. One is at the center of the city which is normally called the Rajshahi District Stadium, another is inside the Rajshahi University and the last one used for cricket is located at Terokhadia called Shaheed Qamaruzzaman Stadium. This is the home ground of Rajshahi Division cricket team. There is also an international standard tennis complex and a few sports training academies in the city.[56][57]

Many national-level footballers groomed in the city such as former Bangladesh national team captain Mohammed Mohsin and recent midfielder Manik Hossain Molla. The city is the home of several national-level club teams like Diganta Proshari Sangha[58] and Sonali Otit Club. There are also a few football training academies including one in Rajshahi's central eidgah (large open ground used on special occasions for Muslim prayers) and in the Zilla stadium.

The city is an important place for cricket in Bangladesh. As a regular supplier of cricketers in the national team, it is also the home of Bangladesh Premier League team Rajshahi Warriors, which won the BPL title once. The city has two cricket academies, Banglatrack and Clemon, to grow and train upcoming cricketers.[59]

Rajshahi is also known for hockey. Many local hockey practice clubs allow playing at national, inter-university, college, and school levels. There are National Team hockey players from Rajshahi. Late Mintu was one of them and by his name, there is "Mintu Chottor" at Lokkhipur Mor, Rajshahi.

It also has multiple Tennis complexes, which regularly host national and international competitions.[60]

Achievements[edit | edit source]

Rajshahi has received the National Environment Award in 2013 and 2021,[13][61] and the Environment Friendly City of the Year title in 2020.[12] The city also earned the Prime Minister's National Award for Tree Plantation in 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013.[62]

Transport[edit | edit source]

Road[edit | edit source]

Rajshahi is connected to most other parts of the country via the N6 national highway. There are two intercity bus terminals in the city. It takes about 5 to 6 hours by road to reach the capital city Dhaka. Several bus services, including air-conditioned, non-air-conditioned and sleeper buses, are available to and from Dhaka. Bus services to other major cities and the district's headquarters are also available from Rajshahi.[63]

Railway[edit | edit source]

Rajshahi central railway station

Rajshahi has a central railway station with a total of five platforms. This station is the home of five intercity trains.[64]

Four inter-city train services are operated by Bangladesh Railway, named Silk City Express, Padma Express and Dhumketu Express, and Bonolota Express between Dhaka and Rajshahi railway station regularly.[65] There are other inter-city trains operated from Rajshahi to Khulna and other regions of the country. There are also mail/express trains.[66]

There are two other railway stations in the city, Rajshahi Court and Rajshahi University.

Air[edit | edit source]

Shah Makhdum Airport, Rajshahi

The city is served by Shah Makhdum Airport, named after the Islamic preacher Shah Makhdum Rupos, situated at Nowhata, a commuter town of the city. Biman Bangladesh Airlines, Novoair, and US-Bangla Airlines operate domestic flights to and from Dhaka.[67]

Public transport[edit | edit source]

Electric auto rickshaws and electric rickshaws are the primary modes of transport within the city and metro area.[68] Once there were plenty of Tomtoms (horse-driven cart) in the city, which have since faded in use. Some parts of the city are also serviced by CNG auto rickshaws.

Healthcare[edit | edit source]

Islami Bank Medical College & Hospital

The city has many government, private and NGO-run hospitals. Rajshahi Medical College Hospital (RMCH) is a tertiary-level public hospital with a teaching facility for graduate and postgraduate medical education. There are two private medical college hospitals, and another two are under construction in the city. There is also a government-run children's hospital, one chest hospital, a district-level government hospital, and a Christian missionary hospital within the city area.[69][70]

Education[edit | edit source]

Administrative building of University of Rajshahi
Administrative building of Rajshahi College
Administrative building of Rajshahi Medical College

Rajshahi, commonly referred to as Education City (Sikkha Nogori), is home to many government, private and autonomous educational institutions.[71]

The secondary and higher secondary institutions in the city fall under the jurisdiction of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Rajshahi.[71]

The city is home to the Rajshahi College- which is the third oldest college in Bangladesh after Dhaka College, and Chittagong College. Rajshahi Medical College is the second oldest medical college in erstwhile East Pakistan. The University of Rajshahi is the second oldest and one of the largest public universities in the country. Rajshahi Engineering College, now known as RUET, was the second engineering college established in East Pakistan in 1964. For Technical Education Rajshahi Polytechnic Institute was Established in 1963, This Institute is under the Bangladesh Technical Education Board.[71]

Rajshahi consistently leads in pass rates and GPA 5 achievements in SSC and HSC results.[72][73][74]

Notable educational institutions[edit | edit source]

Main article: List of educational institutions in Rajshahi

Notable residents[edit | edit source]

Twin towns and sister cities[edit | edit source]

Rajshahi's twin town and sister cities are:

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ "District LGED".
  2. ↑ "Area, Population and Literacy Rate by Paurashava −2001" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
  3. ↑ "PM opens 8 new police stations in Rajshahi". Rising Sun. 22 February 2018. Archived from the original on 23 March 2025. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  4. ↑ "Factsheet Rajshahi City in Bangladesh" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 February 2024.
  5. ↑ "Statistical Pocket book 2008, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 April 2009.
  6. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing 2022 Preliminary Report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2022.
  7. ↑ "Rajshahi, Bangladesh Metro Area Population 1950-2025". macrotrends. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
  8. ↑ "বাংলাদেশ পরিসংখ্যান ব্যুরো". Archived from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 13 July 2025.
  9. ↑ "Bangladesh: Rajshahi City Corporation (City Districts and Wards) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". www.citypopulation.de. Archived from the original on 13 May 2025. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  10. ↑ "Rajshahi will be the city of entrepreneurs in 5 years". The Business Standard. 28 January 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Graham-Harrison, Emma; Doshi, Vidhi (17 June 2016). "Rajshahi: the city that took on air pollution – and won". The Guardian. Retrieved 9 July 2016.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Rajshahi awarded eco-friendly city of the year". The Business Standard. 4 January 2020. Archived from the original on 9 July 2024. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Rajshahi: A city fresh and green". Dhaka Tribune. 4 January 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
  14. ↑ "Pundravardhana - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Retrieved 9 June 2025.
  15. ↑ "Rajshahi | Riverside City, Silk Production | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 22 May 2025. Archived from the original on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  16. ↑ আজাদ, আবুল কালাম মুহম্মদ (11 October 2021). "মহাকালগড় থেকে রাজশাহী, শহরটি এখনো শান্তির". Prothomalo (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 11 October 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2025.
  17. ↑ "Life at Rajshahi – Institute of Bangladesh Studies". Archived from the original on 25 March 2025. Retrieved 16 November 2025.
  18. ↑ "EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE PALA EMPIRE" (PDF). Asiatic Society of Pakistan.
  19. ↑ ""Rajshahi silk" A stunning raw materials in Fashion Industry". 8 March 2022. Archived from the original on 17 January 2026. Retrieved 16 November 2025.
  20. ↑ "Rajshahi Raj - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Archived from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2025.
  21. ↑ "History - Banglapedia". en.banglapedia.org. Archived from the original on 29 December 2024. Retrieved 16 November 2025.
  22. ↑ "Rajshahi" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 876.
  23. ↑ "Population and Housing Census 2011" (PDF). Retrieved 16 November 2025.
  24. ↑ "An Inquiry and Documentation of Architectural Styles of Residential Building Facades in Old Rajshahi, Bangladesh". ResearchGate.
  25. ↑ রাজশাহী সিটি কর্পোরেশন. erajshahi.portal.gov.bd. Retrieved 8 March 2025.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "Rajshahi topographic map, elevation, terrain". Topographic maps. Archived from the original on 14 January 2025. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
  27. ↑ "Climate: Rajshahi in Bangladesh". Worlddata.info. Archived from the original on 28 June 2025. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
  28. ↑ লালন শাহ পার্ক লিজ দেওয়া হবে না: রাসিক. Kaler Kanthao (in Bengali). November 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2019.
  29. ↑ "Construction work of Bangabandhu Novo Theatre goes on in full swing in Rajshahi". Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2020.
  30. ↑ "রাজশাহী সিটি নির্বাচন | Rajshahi City Election | প্রথম আলো". Prothomalo (in Bengali). Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  31. ↑ "Rajshahi City Corporation Election 2013". The Daily Star. 15 June 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  32. ↑ "metropolitanpolice.rajshahi". metropolitanpolice.rajshahi.gov.bd. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  33. ↑ "Ansar and VDP, Rajshahi Range". ansarvdp.rajshahidiv.gov.bd. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  34. ↑ "Border Guard Bangladesh". bgb.rajshahidiv.gov.bd. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  35. ↑ "River police force begins operating in Rajshahi". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 "Community Series - Rajshahi District" (PDF). bbs.gov.bd. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
  37. ↑ "Rajshahi – BoNY". Retrieved 19 February 2025.
  38. ↑ 38.0 38.1 "Factsheet | Rajshahi City in Bangladesh" (PDF). Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 February 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  39. ↑ "Fresh lifeline to northern jute mills". The Daily Star. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  40. ↑ "From blossoms to bounty: The mango season that revives Rajshahi". The Business Standard. 28 June 2025. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  41. ↑ "Litchi trees in bloom, hopes for good harvest in Rajshahi | District". BSS. Archived from the original on 28 February 2026. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  42. ↑ "27 entrepreneurs get BSCIC plot allocations in Rajshahi". BSS. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  43. ↑ "Rajshahi's BSCIC-2 stalls amid high price of plots, absence of utility services". New Age (Bangladesh). 26 July 2025. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  44. ↑ "High plot price drives away entrepreneurs from Rajshahi Bscic-2". The Business Standard. 8 January 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  45. ↑ "Renewed investment optimism at Rajshahi Hi-Tech Park after 5 August pause". The Business Standard. 16 August 2025. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  46. ↑ "Pran-RFL's Barendra Rajshahi Textile creates 2,000 jobs in just 6 months, aims for 12,000". The Business Standard. 6 August 2025. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  47. ↑ Bss, Rajshahi (31 July 2016). "Rajshahi to get economic zone by 2019". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  48. ↑ "Varendra Museum: A Review of the First Museum of Bangladesh". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 2 September 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  49. ↑ "Eid, approaching summer boost Rajshahi silk sales". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 13 March 2026. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  50. ↑ "Puja shopping gains momentum in Rajshahi | Business". BSS. Archived from the original on 15 February 2026. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  51. ↑ "Christmas Day celebrated in Rajshahi". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  52. ↑ "UttorbongoProtidin.Com 24/7 Bengali and English National Newsportal from Bangladesh". UttorbongoProtidin.Com 24/7 Bengali and English National Newsportal from Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  53. ↑ স্বাধীন জনপদ (in Bengali).
  54. ↑ পত্র-পত্রিকা (in Bengali).
  55. ↑ অবশেষে আসছে বিটিভির 'রাজশাহী উপকেন্দ্র'. BanglaNews24 (in Bengali). 3 May 2011. Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
  56. ↑ "Muktijuddho Sriti Stadium (Rajshahi District Stadium), former home to Fortis FC, Bangladesh - Football Ground Map". www.footballgroundmap.com. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
  57. ↑ "Shahid Kamruzzaman Stadium - Cricket Ground in Rajshahi, Bangladesh". ESPNcricinfo. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
  58. ↑ "Champions Club Cup from today". The Daily Star. 22 May 2009. Retrieved 21 January 2024.
  59. ↑ "Khulna Tigers vs Rajshahi Royals, Final, Jan 17, Bangladesh Premier League 2019-20". Cricbuzz. Retrieved 19 February 2025.
  60. ↑ "Rajshahi ready to host international tennis tournament | District". BSS. Retrieved 16 November 2025.
  61. ↑ "Rajshahi City Corporation wins National Environment Award 2021". businesspostbd.com. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
  62. ↑ "RCC takes steps to check air pollution". Daily Sun. Retrieved 9 March 2025.
  63. ↑ "1,700km more rural roads being constructed in Rajshahi". Bangladesh Sanbad Sangstha.
  64. ↑ "Rajshahi Railway Station - Train Schedule, Tickets, Contact & Facilities". 2 June 2025. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  65. ↑ "First Rajshahi-Dhaka direct train launched". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 21 August 2019. Retrieved 11 July 2019.
  66. ↑ "Intercity and mail/express trains" (PDF). railway.portal.gov.bd. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  67. ↑ "Live Flight Tracker - Real-Time Flight Tracker Map". Flightradar24. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
  68. ↑ "Unlicensed auto-rickshaws rise in Rajshahi City". The Daily Observer. Retrieved 7 March 2024.
  69. ↑ রাজশাহী মেডিকেল কলেজ হাসপাতাল, রাজশাহী. rmch.portal.gov.bd. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
  70. ↑ আমাদের সম্পর্কে – RMCH. Retrieved 18 February 2025.
  71. ↑ 71.0 71.1 71.2 "শিক্ষার প্রাণকেন্দ্র রাজশাহী". Bonik Barta. Retrieved 1 January 2026.
  72. ↑ রাজশাহী শিক্ষা বোর্ডে সেরা রাজশাহী, দ্বিতীয় বগুড়া. The Daily Campus. 15 October 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  73. ↑ "Rajshahi Board attains 81.24 pc pass rate in HSC exams | News". BSS. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  74. ↑ "Rajshahi Education Board attains 89.26 pc successes in SSC | News". BSS. Retrieved 5 January 2025.
  75. ↑ "Kunstlotteri for Rajshahi" [Art lottery for Rajshahi]. Kristiansand Municipality (in norsk). [Every three years Kristiansands schools and kindergartens hold an action for Rajshahi in Bangladesh, our sister city since 1979.][dead link]
  76. ↑ "Norway keens to Rajshahi city's development: Envoy". The Daily Observer. Retrieved 21 February 2025.
  77. ↑ "Bangladesh's Rajshahi city signs friendship LoI with China's Yiyang city".

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