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{{Short description| | {{Short description|Gurjar king of Mori clan | ||
Gurjar | |||
Hinduism}} | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} | {{Use Indian English|date=May 2018}} | ||
'''Chitrangada Mori''' was a ruler from the Mori clan of Mauryans who laid the foundation of the fort of [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]], which is the largest fort in [[India]].<ref>{{Cite book|author=समदानी, सत्यनारायण|title=मुनि जिनविजय|oclc=989811493}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Basu|first=Anjana|date=2016-11-09|title=Chitrangada|journal=Gitanjali & Beyond|volume=1|issue=1|pages=169|doi=10.14297/gnb.1.1.169-177|issn=2399-8733|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=अधिकारी Adhikari|first=बालाकृष्ण Balakrishna|date=2019-12-20|title=नेपाली साहित्यको संक्षिप्त इतिहास मा इतिहास चेतनायुक्त विचारधारा Nepali Sahityako Samkshipta Itihasma Itihas Chetanayukta Bichardhara|journal=Tribhuvan University Journal|volume=33|issue=2|pages=203–222|doi=10.3126/tuj.v33i2.33648|issn=2091-0916|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=भटनागर, राजेंद्रमोहन|title=मौर्य सम्राट : चंद्रगुप्त मौर्य-चाणक्य पर आधारित ऐतिहासिक उपन्यास|year=2014|isbn=978-93-5072-453-8|oclc=1102208005}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Johannes.|first=Israel, Samuel. Sinclair, Toby. Hoefer, Hans|title=Rajsthan|date=1988|publisher=APA Publications|isbn=0-245-54521-2|oclc=1158716667}}</ref> Chitrang Mori was born in Chauth ka Barwada, Sawai Madhopur. [[File:Chittorgarh fort.JPG|thumb|Chittorgarh fort, which was founded by Chitrang Mori]] | |||
Chitrang had his capital at [[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]].<ref name="Academic" /> He reigned in the 8th century AD, along with the rise of Gurjar Pratihara dynasty in the region. The ruins of his palace still are present today.<ref name="FL Mehta">{{cite book |last1=Mehta |first1=Fateh Lal |title=Handbook of Meywar and Guide to Its Principal Objects of Interest |date=1888 |publisher=University of Minnesota |pages=4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ouc2AQAAMAAJ&dq=Mori+Rajput&pg=PA4}}</ref> Chittorgarh was then known as ''Chitrakot'', which changed to Chittorgarh in colloquial language.<ref name="Academic">{{cite book |last1=Gupta |first1=N. L. |last2=Maroo |first2=R. L. |title=Challenge of Wastelands Utilisation: Issues and Themes |date=1991 |publisher=Academic Publishers |pages=14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CbEsAQAAMAAJ&q=Mori+Rajput}}</ref> | |||
[[File:Government ASI board installed at Chittorgarh fort.jpg|thumb|Government ASI board installed at Chittorgarh fort recognizes Moris clan as a branch of Mauryan lineage]] | |||
Chitrang Mori was possibly succeeded by [[Bappa Rawal]] , The ruler of [[Guhila dynasty]] after several conflicts with [[Umayyad Caliphate|Arabs]]<ref>{{cite book |author=Shyam Manohar Mishra |title=Yaśovarman of Kanauj |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kZWgj-YMdVEC&pg=PA48 |year=1977 |publisher=Abhinav |oclc=557679616 }}</ref> | |||
Chittor developed as a power centre in the 7th century CE under the Mauryan branch of Rajasthan (also called as Mori Rajputs).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parmar |first=Vikrant |date=2022-01-01 |title=The Medieval Mauryas: A forgotten dynasty in Medieval History |url=https://www.academia.edu/74514642/The_Medieval_Mauryas_A_forgotten_dynasty_in_Medieval_History |journal=Pragyata}}</ref> It is important to note that Maurya (मौर्य) of Sanskrit language is same as Moriya (मोरिया or मोरिय) of Pali<ref>{{Cite web |last=www.wisdomlib.org |date=2009-04-12 |title=Moriya, Moriyā: 2 definitions |url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/definition/moriya |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.wisdomlib.org |language=en}}</ref> and other Prakrit languages, which in turn changes to Mori in local dialects of Rajasthan.{{Cn|date=July 2023}} Chitrangada Mori, one of the earliest kings in the line of Mori Rajputs, is reported to have built the fort of Chittor as well as the Chitrangada tank .<ref>{{Cite web |last=swantour |date=2019-02-12 |title=Chittorgarh Fort (Complete Guide) History, Timings – Swan Tours |url=https://www.swantour.com/blogs/chittorgarh-fort-one-of-the-largest-forts-in-india/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Swan Tours - Travel Experiences, Popular Places & Explore World |language=en-US}}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=The current source is insufficiently reliable ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|date=July 2023}} This is further supported by the fact that the lines 102-105 in the second stone of the Kumbhalgarh inscription (1460 CE) contains an account of Chitrangada Mori’s construction of the Chitrangada lake, with exquisite palaces on its sides .<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kumbhalgarh Fort « Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://asi.nic.in/kumbhalgarh-fort/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=asi.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sharma |first=G. N. |date=1951 |title=The Fragmentary Second Slab of Kumbhalgarh Inscription V.s. 1517 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44303999 |journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress |volume=14 |pages=367–372 |issn=2249-1937}}</ref> | |||
The ruined palace of Chitrangada Mori is still to be seen to the south of Padmini Palace. Sankshipta Kumarapala-charita,<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pruthi |first=Raj Kumar |url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=uRMGDmdE9FkC&pg=PA23&lpg=PA23&dq=Kumarapala-charita&source=bl&ots=MkfJ1Olfkj&sig=ACfU3U12e1ois2CVygfPUHG7JFNW60dFXQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwio7PjD2KyAAxXqSmwGHXavBaUQ6AF6BAhREAM#v=onepage&q=Kumarapala-charita&f=false |title=Prehistory and Harappan Civilization |last2=Pruthi |first2=Raj |date=2004 |publisher=APH Publishing |isbn=978-81-7648-581-4 |language=en}}</ref> the earliest manuscript of which is dated 1328 CE, describes Shambhalish, a ruler of Kannauj who killed the Maurya monarch Chitrangada and conquered his fort, only to return it to the dead Maurya king’s son (named Varahagupta) some years later .<ref>{{Cite web |title=VedaPurana {{!}} Hindu Encyclopedia |url=https://vedapurana.org/single.php?s=2571&word=Kumarapala%20Charita&secure |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=vedapurana.org}}</ref> According to Dasharatha Sharma, this could refer to a defeat of the Mauryas by a Chauhan general fighting as a feudatory-chief on behalf of his Imperial Pratihara overlord-king, if “Shambhalish” is equated with Shambharish (i.e., Lord of Shakambhari, meaning a Chauhan prince .<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-10-19 |title=Chahamans or Chauhanas of Shakambhari |url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/chahamans-or-chauhanas-of-shakambhari-1445230223-1 |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Jagranjosh.com}}</ref> [[Maan Mori]] or Raja [[Maan Maurya]] is said to be the last ruler of his dynasty who got constructed Mansarowar lake at Chittor.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-23 |title=Source of History of Rajasthan Detailed - Your Exam Guide |url=https://yourexamguide.com/2022/02/23/source-of-history-of-rajasthan-detailed/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-29 |title=राजा मान मोरी Raja Maan Mori- जिन्हें बप्पा रावल ने धोखे से मारा? - History in Hindi |url=https://historyinhindi.in/raja-maan-mori-history-in-hindi/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> | |||
==Origin== | |||
Archeological Survey of India<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://asi.nic.in/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=asi.nic.in}}</ref> confirms that Mori clan belong to ancient Mauryan dynasty lineage.<ref>{{Cite web |title=CHITTAURGARH FORT {{!}} ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA JAIPUR CIRCLE |url=https://www.asijaipurcircle.nic.in/Chittaurgarh%20Fort.html |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.asijaipurcircle.nic.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chittaurgarh Fort « Archaeological Survey of India |url=https://asi.nic.in/chittaurgarh-fort/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=asi.nic.in}}</ref> Jain text Kumarapala Prabandha claim about Mori lineage from the Mauryan King [[Samprati]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Sanjeev |title=Maurya Empire: Samrat Ashok’s Kshatriya lineage explained |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/sanjeev-singh-blog/maurya-empire-samrat-ashoks-kshatriya-lineage-explained/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> | |||
The Kansawa Inscription of King Dhaval Mori which was installed by his Brahmin Governor play a important role in indentifying the origin of Moris. | |||
'''(Kanswa Inscription'''<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.343045|title=Shri Bharat Varsiya Digamber Jain Directory|last=Thakurdas|date=1914}}</ref>'''):''' | |||
<blockquote> | |||
५ भूभृतां इ दूर-अभ्यगत-वाहिनी-परिकरो रत्न-प्रकार्-[ज*]ज्वलः श्रीमान्। | |||
इत्थम्-अदार-सागर-समो '''मौर्य-अन्वयो''' दृश्यते ॥ दिज्ञागा इव जात्य-सम्भृत-मुदो दान-०[ज*]ज्वलैर्-आननैर्->विस्र(श्र)म्भेन रमन्त्य्-अभीत-मनसो मान्-उद्धुरास्-सर्वतः। सद्वंशत्व-वस-प्रसिद्ध-यससो यस्मिन् प्रसिद्ध गुणैः श्लाघ्या भद्रतया॥ | |||
६ छ सत्त्व-बहुल-ब पक्षैस्-ससम् (मम्) भूभृतः इत्थम् भवत्सु | |||
भुपेषु भुम्जत्सु सकलां '''महीम् धवल-आत्मा नृपस्-तत्त्र यससा धवलो-भवत्''' ॥ कय्-आदि-प्रकत्-आर्जितैर्-अहर्-अह[ब*] स्वैर्-एव दोषैः सदा निर्व्वस्त्रा[*] सतत-क्षुध[ह*] प्रति-दिनम् स्पष्टीभवय् (द)-यातनाः। रात्रि-सरिचरना भृसं पर-गृहेष्व्=इत्थम् विजित्य=आरयोः येन् आद्य== आपि नरेन्द्र- | |||
</blockquote> | |||
'''Translation (in English):''' | |||
<blockquote> | |||
(L. 5).-The rulers (born) in this Mauryan race , like the elephants of the quarters, filling the noble with joy by (their) faces bright with generosity (as with rutting-juice) together with their adherents confidently take delight everywhere, undaunted of mind (and) exulting in (their) pride, of known renown on account of (their) good lineage (and) known for (their) virtues, praiseworthy for probity and full of energy. | |||
(L. 6).-Among these kings, who were such (and) who ruled the whole earth, '''there was a prince who, Dhavala as he was, was dazzling by (his) fame'''. | |||
For their own sins, which day by day they always openly brought on themselves by their bodies and so forth, he defeated (his) enemies and reduced the wretches to such a state that, like evil spirits, naked (and) ever famishing (and thus) day by day revealing the punishment (meted out to them, and) again and again wandering at night to strangers' houses, they even now are kings.49 | |||
</blockquote> | |||
Rajavilasa of Maan Kavi,<ref>{{Cite web |last=OpenLibrary.org |title=Kavi Man |url=https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL5450213A/Kavi_Man |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Open Library |language=en}}</ref> composed during the reign of Maharana Raj Singh-I (1652-80), also mentions the legend of Chitrangada Mori constructing the fort of Chitrakuta (Chittorgarh) and further compares him to Raghu of Suryavansha . | |||
<blockquote> | |||
चित्रकोट गढ़ चारु, मंडि चित्रांगद मोरिय। | |||
रघू करत तहॅं राज, ढाहि अरिजन ढंढोरिय॥<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bhagwaandeen |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.473797 |title=Rajvilash |date=1929}}</ref></blockquote> | |||
The Medieval Mauryas claimed the Suryavanshi lineage, as evident from various inscriptions and traditions. The very starting verse of the Waghli inscription (1069 CE) of the Mauryan branch of Khandesh<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Parmar |first=Vikrant |date=2022-01-01 |title=The Medieval Mauryas: A forgotten dynasty in Medieval History |url=https://www.academia.edu/74514642/The_Medieval_Mauryas_A_forgotten_dynasty_in_Medieval_History |journal=Pragyata}}</ref> describes their origin from the solar race and tells us that from Mandhatri (of the solar race) sprang the Maurya family.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Parmar |first=Vikrant |date=2022-03-21 |title=The Mauryas of the medieval period: A rough sketch - Pragyata |url=https://pragyata.com/the-mauryas-of-the-medieval-period-a-rough-sketch/,%20https://pragyata.com/the-mauryas-of-the-medieval-period-a-rough-sketch/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref> | |||
==See also== | |||
{{Portal|History|India}} | |||
*[[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]] | |||
*[[Mori Rajputs]] | |||
*[[Chandragupta Maurya]] | |||
*[[Pipphalivana]] | |||
*[[Chandravardhana Maurya]] | |||
*[[Dharmadevi Maurya]] | |||
*[[Mori Kingdom]] | |||
==References== | |||
{{reflist}} | |||
[[Category:History of Rajasthan]] | |||
[[Category:Chittorgarh district]] | |||
{{India-royal-stub}} | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]] | *[[Chittor Fort|Chittorgarh]] | ||