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{{Use Indian English|date=April 2025}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox Military Unit
{{Infobox Military Unit
| unit_name                    = 1st Brahmans
| unit_name                    = 1st Brahmans
| image                        = <!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:1st Brahmans Badge 1903-22.jpg|160px]] -->
| dates                        = 1776-1931
| caption                      =
| dates                        = 1776 -1931
| country                      = [[British India]]
| country                      = [[British India]]
| branch                        = Army
| branch                        = Army
| type                         = Infantry
| role                         = Infantry
| size                          =  
| size                          = 1 battalion (2 battalions during World War I)
| command_structure            =
| garrison                      =
| ceremonial_chief              =
| ceremonial_chief_label        =
| colonel_of_the_regiment      = Major General LHP de H Larpent
| nickname                      = Neelwar ki Paltan
| nickname                      = Neelwar ki Paltan
| motto                        =
| battles                      = [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] 1803-05<br/>[[Anglo-Nepalese War]] 1814-16<br/>[[First Anglo-Burmese War]] 1824-26<br/>Siege of [[Bhurtpore]] 1826<br/>[[First Afghan War]] 1839<br/>[[Third Anglo-Burmese War]] 1885-87<br/>[[First World War]] 1914-18
| colors                        = Scarlet; faced white
| battle_honours                = Laswari
| colors_label                  = Uniform
Bharatpur
| march                        =
Burma 1885-1887
| mascot                        =
| battles                      = [[Second Anglo-Maratha War]] 1803-05<br>[[Anglo-Nepalese War]] 1814-16<br>[[First Anglo-Burmese War]] 1824-26<br>Siege of [[Bhurtpore]] 1826<br>[[First Afghan War]] 1839<br>[[Third Anglo-Burmese War]] 1885-87<br>[[First World War]] 1914-18
| notable_commanders            =  
| anniversaries                =
}}
}}
The '''1st Brahmans''' was an infantry regiment of the [[British Indian Army]]. It was raised at [[Oudh]] by Captain T Naylor in 1776 for service in the army of Nawab Wazir of Oudh, and was known as the Nawab Wazir's Regiment. It was transferred to the [[East India Company]] in 1777. In 1922, it was designated as the 4th Battalion [[1st Punjab Regiment]]. The regiment was disbanded in 1931.
The '''1st Brahmans''' was an infantry regiment of the [[British Indian Army]]. The regiment fought in numerous conflict as part of [[Presidency armies]] of the [[East India Company]] as well as the British Indian Army. It was later incorporated into the [[1st Punjab Regiment]] and was ultimately disbanded in 1931.<ref>{{Cite book |last=India |first=Army Headquarters |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RVi-BAAAQBAJ&dq=1st+Brahmans&pg=RA1-PA61 |title=Indian Army List January 1919 — Volume 2 |date=3 February 2012 |publisher=Andrews UK Limited |isbn=978-1-78150-257-0 |language=en}}</ref>


==Designations==
==Designations==
Over the years the regiment was known by a number of different designations:
Over the years the regiment was known by a number of different designations:
*1776 Nawab Wazir's Regiment  
*1776 Nawab Wazir's Brahaman Regiment  
*1777 30th Battalion of Bengal Sepoys
*1777 30th Battalion of Bengal Sepoys
*1781 23rd Regiment of Bengal Sepoys
*1781 23rd Regiment of Bengal Sepoys
Line 37: Line 28:
*1885 1st Regiment of Bengal Infantry
*1885 1st Regiment of Bengal Infantry
*1901 1st Brahman Infantry
*1901 1st Brahman Infantry
*1903 1st Brahmans[[File:Officers 1st Brahmins, 1922.jpg|thumb|right|British and Indian officers of the 1st Brahmans, 1912.|340px]]
*1903 1st Brahmans
*1922 4th Battalion 1st Punjab Regiment
*1917 2nd Battalion raised<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.285012 |title=Indian Army List For July I -1918 |date=July 1918 |pages=469b}}</ref>[[File:Officers 1st Brahmins, 1922.jpg|thumb|right|British and Indian officers of the 1st Brahmans, 1912.|340px]]
*1922 4th Battalion, 1st Punjab Regiment


==History==
==History==
===East India Company service===
===East India Company service===
While in the service of the East India Company the regiment was awarded [[battle honours]] for service in the [[Second Maratha War]] 1803-05, the [[Anglo-Nepalese War]] 1814-16, the [[Second Anglo-Burmese War]] 1824-26 and the [[Bhurtpore]] Campaign 1826.  
The EIC recruited Brahmins who were designed as a [[martial race]]. The 1st Brahmins was one of the earliest EIC regiments categorised solely on [[racial]] homogeneity.


===Post Mutiny===
The Nawab Regiment was previously raised at [[Oudh]] by Captain T Naylor of the EIC in 1776 to bolster the army of Nawab Wazir who was planted by the EIC. The regiment was later differentiated by the company along its ethnic composition when it was incorporated to the East India Company in 1777. In 1922, it was designated as the 4th Battalion [[1st Punjab Regiment]].
The regiment was the senior-most among the twelve [[Bengal Native Infantry]] regiments that survived the Great [[Indian Rebellion]] of 1857-58. It was accordingly one of the small number of Bengal regular infantry regiments to retain the traditions of East India Company service in the new post-Mutiny army.<ref>Lt. Gen. Sir George Macmunn, page 106 "The Armies of India", {{ISBN|0-947554-02-5}}</ref> Renumbered as the 1st of the Bengal line, it subsequently saw active service in the [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]] of 1885-87. Following the [[Kitchener Reforms|Kitchener reforms]] of the Indian Army, when the names of the presidencies were dropped, the regiment became the 1st Brahman Infantry in 1901.<ref name=ba15>Barthorp p.15</ref>
 
While in the service of the East India Company the regiment was awarded [[battle honours]] for service in the [[Second Maratha War]] 1803–05, the [[Anglo-Nepalese War]] 1814–16, the [[Second Anglo-Burmese War]] 1824–26 and the [[Bhurtpore]] Campaign 1826.
 
===Post First War of Independence 1857 ===
The regiment was the senior-most among the twelve [[Bengal Native Infantry]] regiments that survived the Great [[Indian Rebellion]] of 1857–58. It was accordingly one of the small number of Bengal regular infantry regiments to retain the traditions of East India Company service in the new post-Mutiny army.<ref>Lt. Gen. Sir George Macmunn, page 106 "The Armies of India", {{ISBN|0-947554-02-5}}</ref> Renumbered as the 1st of the Bengal line, it subsequently saw active service in the [[Third Anglo-Burmese War]] of 1885–87. Following the [[Kitchener Reforms|Kitchener reforms]] of the Indian Army, when the names of the presidencies were dropped, the regiment became the 1st Brahman Infantry in 1901.<ref name=ba15>Barthorp p.15</ref>


===World War I===
===World War I===
In 1914, the regimental centre of the 1st Brahmans was located at [[Allahabad]] and it was linked with the 3rd Brahmans. The regiment was recruited from United Provinces [[Bhumihar Brahmin]]s, Garhwali Brahmins and some Punjabi Mussalmans.<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last=Gaylor|page=130|title=Sons of John Company. The Indian & Pakistan Armies 1903-1991|ISBN=0-946771-98-7}}</ref>
In 1914, the regimental centre of the 1st Brahmans was located at [[Allahabad]] (now Prayagraj) and it was linked with the [[3rd Brahmans]]. The regiment recruited mostly from the [[Gaur Brahmins|Gaur]], [[Kanyakubja Brahmin|Kanyakubja]] and [[Saryuparin Brahmin]] communities.<ref>{{cite book |first=John |last=Gaylor |page=130 |title=Sons of John Company. The Indian & Pakistan Armies 1903-1991 |year=1992 |publisher=Spellmount |isbn=0-946771-98-7}}</ref> Full dress uniform of the sepoys included a high khaki turban with red fringe, a scarlet kurta (long coat) with white [[facings]], white waist-sash, dark blue trousers and white leggings.<ref name=ba15>Barthorp p.15</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Wendell|last=Schollander|page=339|title=Glory of the Empires 1880-1914|date=9 July 2018 |publisher=History Press Limited |isbn=978-0-7524-8634-5}}</ref>
Full dress uniform of the sepoys included a high khaki turban with red fringe, a scarlet kurta (long coat) with white [[facings]], white waist-sash, dark blue trousers and white leggings.<ref name=ba15>Barthorp p.15</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Wendell|last=Schollander|page=339|title=Glory of the Empires 1880-1914|ISBN=978-0-7524-8634-5}}</ref>


The regiment spent part of World War I in India before being posted to [[Aden]], then under threat from Ottoman forces. A second battalion raised in 1917 saw service in the Persian Gulf.
The regiment spent part of World War I in India before being posted to [[Aden]], then under threat from Ottoman forces. A second battalion raised in 1917 saw service in the Persian Gulf.


===Post-war service and disbandment===
===Post-war service and disbandment===
After the war, a major reorganization was undertaken in the Indian Army and the various single-battalion infantry regiments were grouped together to form larger regiments of four to six battalions each. The 1st Brahmans became the 4th Battalion of the 1st Punjab Regiment in 1922. It was disbanded in 1931 due to retrenchment in the Indian Army.<ref name=ba15/><ref>Qureshi. ''The First Punjabis''.</ref><ref>Sumner, p.15</ref>  
After the war, a major reorganisation was undertaken in the Indian Army and the various single-battalion infantry regiments were grouped together to form larger regiments of four to six battalions each. The 1st Brahmans became the 4th Battalion of the 1st Punjab Regiment in 1922. It was disbanded in 1931 due to retrenchment in the Indian Army.<ref name=ba15/><ref>Qureshi. ''The First Punjabis''.</ref><ref>Sumner, p.15</ref>
 
== Deployments ==
 
* -1888 Upper Burma<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Military Department |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278913 |title=The Quarterly Indian Army List For July I 1890 |date=July 1890 |pages=276}}</ref>
* 1888-1891 Nowgong<ref name=":0" />
* 1891-1895 Jabalpur<ref>{{Cite book |last=Military Department |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278920 |title=The Quarterly Indian Army List For Oct I 1891 |date=October 1891 |pages=284}}</ref>
* 1895-1896 Peshawar<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.285004 |title=Indian Army List For July I -1895 |date=July 1895 |pages=297}}</ref>
* 1896-1898 Jhansi<ref>{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284968 |title=Indian Army List For April I - 1896 |date=April 1896 |pages=338}}</ref>
* May 1898 – 1901 [[British Mauritius|Mauritius]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Military Department |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278897 |title=The Quarterly Indian Army List For April I 1899 |date=April 1899 |pages=338}}</ref>
* 1901-1905 Allahabad<ref>{{Cite book |last=Military Department |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278898 |title=The Quarterly Indian Army List For April I 1901 |date=April 1901 |pages=339}}</ref>
* 1905-1910 Jabalpur
* 1910-1914 Bolarum<ref>{{Cite book |last=Military Department |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278915 |title=The Quarterly Indian Army List For July I 1910 |date=July 1910 |pages=311}}</ref>
* 1920-1921 Aden<ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Army Headquarter India |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278912 |title=The Quarterly Indian Army List For January I -1920 |date=January 1920 |pages=1016–1019}}</ref>
* 1921-1922 Fatehgarh<ref name=":5">{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284991 |title=Indian Army List For July -1921 |date=July 1921 |pages=1016–1019}}</ref>
* 1922-1923 Delhi<ref name=":6">{{Cite book |last=Army Department |first=Government of India |url=http://archive.org/details/indian-army-list-1922-april |title=The Indian Army List 1922 April |date=April 1922 |publication-date=April 1922 |pages=1050}}</ref>
* 1923-1926 Waziristan<ref>{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.285030 |title=Indian Army List For Oct - 1924 |date=October 1924 |pages=1050}}</ref>
* 1926-1927 Jhansi
* 1927-1928 Overseas<ref>{{Cite book |last=Government Of India |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278902 |title=Indian Army List For April -1927 |date=April 1927 |pages=552}}</ref>
* 1928- Jhansi
* 1929-1930 Fort Sandeman (Zhob)<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284996 |title=Indian Army List For July -1930 |date=July 1930 |pages=552}}</ref>
* 1930-1931 Loralai<ref>{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284974 |title=Indian Army List For Jan -1931 |date=January 1931 |pages=552}}</ref>
 
=== 2nd Battalion ===
 
* 1920-1921 Overseas<ref name=":4" />
 
== Uniform ==
 
* 1890-1894 Uniform Red, Facings White.<ref name=":0" />
* 1894-1925 Uniform Scarlet, Facings White, Lace Gold, Turban Khaki with Red fall.<ref name=":2" />
* 1925-1931 Uniform Scarlet, Facings Grass Green.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.285027 |title=Indian Army List For Oct -1925 |date=October 1925 |pages=803}}</ref>
 
== Regimental Centre ==
 
* 1890-1922 Allahabad<ref name=":0" />
* 1922-1931 Jhelum<ref name=":6" />
 
== Class composition ==
 
* 1895-1916 8 companies Brahmins.<ref name=":1" />
* 1917-1921 4 companies Brahmins.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.285011 |title=Indian Army List For July I -1917 |date=July 1917 |pages=469}}</ref>
* 1921-1922 2 companies Brahmins from United Provinces, 1 company Jats from United Provinces, 1 company Hindustani Muslims<ref name=":5" />
* 1922-1923 2 companies Brahmins from United Provinces, 1 company Garhwali Brahmins, 1 company Punjabi Muslims<ref>{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284971 |title=Indian Army List For Jan -1922 |date=January 1922 |pages=1016}}</ref>
* 1923 1 company Brahmins from United Provinces, 2 companies Garhwali Brahmins, 1 company Punjabi Muslims
* 1923-1925 Brahmins from United Provinces, Garhwali Brahmins, Punjabi Muslims<ref>{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.285029 |title=Indian Army List For Oct - 1923 |date=October 1923 |pages=1050}}</ref>
* 1925-1928 1 company Brahmins from United Provinces, 2 companies Garhwali Brahmins, 1 company Punjabi Muslims<ref>{{Cite book |last=Authority Of The Council |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.284992 |title=Indian Army List For July -1925 |date=July 1925 |pages=803}}</ref>
* 1928-1929 3 companies Garhwali Brahmins, 1 company Punjabi Muslims<ref>{{Cite book |last=Government Of India |url=http://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278903 |title=Indian Army List For April -1928 |date=April 1928 |pages=548–49}}</ref>
* 1929-1931 Garhwali Brahmins, Punjabi Muslims<ref name=":7" />
 
=== 2nd Battalion ===
 
* 1917-1921 1 company Kanaujia Brahmins, 1 company Gaur Brahmins, 1 company Sarwariya Brahmins, 1 company Sanadhya Brahmins.<ref name=":3" />
 
==See also==
==See also==
*[[1st Punjab Regiment]]
*[[1st Punjab Regiment]]
*[[Bengal Native Infantry]]


==References==
==References==
Line 63: Line 111:


==Sources==
==Sources==
*{{cite book|last=Barthorp|first=Michael|last2=Burn|first2=Jeffrey|year=1979|title=Indian Infantry Regiments 1860&ndash;1914|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=0-85045-307-0}}
*{{cite book|last1=Barthorp|first1=Michael|last2=Burn|first2=Jeffrey|year=1979|title=Indian Infantry Regiments 1860&ndash;1914|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=0-85045-307-0}}
*{{cite book|last=Sumner|first=Ian|title=The Indian Army 1914&ndash;1947|year=2001|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=1-84176-196-6}}
*{{cite book|last=Sumner|first=Ian|title=The Indian Army 1914&ndash;1947|year=2001|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=1-84176-196-6}}
*Qureshi, Maj MI. (1958). ''The First Punjabis: History of the First Punjab Regiment, 1759-1956''. Aldershot: Gale & Polden.
*Qureshi, Maj MI. (1958). ''The First Punjabis: History of the First Punjab Regiment, 1759-1956''. Aldershot: Gale & Polden.
==External links==
{{#seo:
|keywords=British Indian Army infantry regiments, Military units and formations established in 1776, Military units and formations disestablished in 1922
|description=
}}


[[Category:British Indian Army infantry regiments]]
[[Category:British Indian Army infantry regiments]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1776]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1776]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1922]]
[[Category:Military units and formations disestablished in 1922]]

Latest revision as of 14:24, 22 October 2025

1st Brahmans
Active1776-1931
CountryBritish India
BranchArmy
RoleInfantry
Size1 battalion (2 battalions during World War I)
Nickname(s)Neelwar ki Paltan
EngagementsSecond Anglo-Maratha War 1803-05
Anglo-Nepalese War 1814-16
First Anglo-Burmese War 1824-26
Siege of Bhurtpore 1826
First Afghan War 1839
Third Anglo-Burmese War 1885-87
First World War 1914-18
Battle honoursLaswari

Bharatpur

Burma 1885-1887

The 1st Brahmans was an infantry regiment of the British Indian Army. The regiment fought in numerous conflict as part of Presidency armies of the East India Company as well as the British Indian Army. It was later incorporated into the 1st Punjab Regiment and was ultimately disbanded in 1931.[1]

Designations[edit | edit source]

Over the years the regiment was known by a number of different designations:

  • 1776 Nawab Wazir's Brahaman Regiment
  • 1777 30th Battalion of Bengal Sepoys
  • 1781 23rd Regiment of Bengal Sepoys
  • 1784 29th Regiment of Bengal Sepoys
  • 1786 29th Bengal Sepoy Battalion
  • 1796 2nd Battalion 9th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry
  • 1824 21st Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry
  • 1861 1st Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry
  • 1885 1st Regiment of Bengal Infantry
  • 1901 1st Brahman Infantry
  • 1903 1st Brahmans
  • 1917 2nd Battalion raised[2]
    British and Indian officers of the 1st Brahmans, 1912.
  • 1922 4th Battalion, 1st Punjab Regiment

History[edit | edit source]

East India Company service[edit | edit source]

The EIC recruited Brahmins who were designed as a martial race. The 1st Brahmins was one of the earliest EIC regiments categorised solely on racial homogeneity.

The Nawab Regiment was previously raised at Oudh by Captain T Naylor of the EIC in 1776 to bolster the army of Nawab Wazir who was planted by the EIC. The regiment was later differentiated by the company along its ethnic composition when it was incorporated to the East India Company in 1777. In 1922, it was designated as the 4th Battalion 1st Punjab Regiment.

While in the service of the East India Company the regiment was awarded battle honours for service in the Second Maratha War 1803–05, the Anglo-Nepalese War 1814–16, the Second Anglo-Burmese War 1824–26 and the Bhurtpore Campaign 1826.

Post First War of Independence 1857[edit | edit source]

The regiment was the senior-most among the twelve Bengal Native Infantry regiments that survived the Great Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. It was accordingly one of the small number of Bengal regular infantry regiments to retain the traditions of East India Company service in the new post-Mutiny army.[3] Renumbered as the 1st of the Bengal line, it subsequently saw active service in the Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885–87. Following the Kitchener reforms of the Indian Army, when the names of the presidencies were dropped, the regiment became the 1st Brahman Infantry in 1901.[4]

World War I[edit | edit source]

In 1914, the regimental centre of the 1st Brahmans was located at Allahabad (now Prayagraj) and it was linked with the 3rd Brahmans. The regiment recruited mostly from the Gaur, Kanyakubja and Saryuparin Brahmin communities.[5] Full dress uniform of the sepoys included a high khaki turban with red fringe, a scarlet kurta (long coat) with white facings, white waist-sash, dark blue trousers and white leggings.[4][6]

The regiment spent part of World War I in India before being posted to Aden, then under threat from Ottoman forces. A second battalion raised in 1917 saw service in the Persian Gulf.

Post-war service and disbandment[edit | edit source]

After the war, a major reorganisation was undertaken in the Indian Army and the various single-battalion infantry regiments were grouped together to form larger regiments of four to six battalions each. The 1st Brahmans became the 4th Battalion of the 1st Punjab Regiment in 1922. It was disbanded in 1931 due to retrenchment in the Indian Army.[4][7][8]

Deployments[edit | edit source]

  • -1888 Upper Burma[9]
  • 1888-1891 Nowgong[9]
  • 1891-1895 Jabalpur[10]
  • 1895-1896 Peshawar[11]
  • 1896-1898 Jhansi[12]
  • May 1898 – 1901 Mauritius[13]
  • 1901-1905 Allahabad[14]
  • 1905-1910 Jabalpur
  • 1910-1914 Bolarum[15]
  • 1920-1921 Aden[16]
  • 1921-1922 Fatehgarh[17]
  • 1922-1923 Delhi[18]
  • 1923-1926 Waziristan[19]
  • 1926-1927 Jhansi
  • 1927-1928 Overseas[20]
  • 1928- Jhansi
  • 1929-1930 Fort Sandeman (Zhob)[21]
  • 1930-1931 Loralai[22]

2nd Battalion[edit | edit source]

  • 1920-1921 Overseas[16]

Uniform[edit | edit source]

  • 1890-1894 Uniform Red, Facings White.[9]
  • 1894-1925 Uniform Scarlet, Facings White, Lace Gold, Turban Khaki with Red fall.[13]
  • 1925-1931 Uniform Scarlet, Facings Grass Green.[23]

Regimental Centre[edit | edit source]

  • 1890-1922 Allahabad[9]
  • 1922-1931 Jhelum[18]

Class composition[edit | edit source]

  • 1895-1916 8 companies Brahmins.[11]
  • 1917-1921 4 companies Brahmins.[24]
  • 1921-1922 2 companies Brahmins from United Provinces, 1 company Jats from United Provinces, 1 company Hindustani Muslims[17]
  • 1922-1923 2 companies Brahmins from United Provinces, 1 company Garhwali Brahmins, 1 company Punjabi Muslims[25]
  • 1923 1 company Brahmins from United Provinces, 2 companies Garhwali Brahmins, 1 company Punjabi Muslims
  • 1923-1925 Brahmins from United Provinces, Garhwali Brahmins, Punjabi Muslims[26]
  • 1925-1928 1 company Brahmins from United Provinces, 2 companies Garhwali Brahmins, 1 company Punjabi Muslims[27]
  • 1928-1929 3 companies Garhwali Brahmins, 1 company Punjabi Muslims[28]
  • 1929-1931 Garhwali Brahmins, Punjabi Muslims[21]

2nd Battalion[edit | edit source]

  • 1917-1921 1 company Kanaujia Brahmins, 1 company Gaur Brahmins, 1 company Sarwariya Brahmins, 1 company Sanadhya Brahmins.[2]

See also[edit | edit source]

References[edit | edit source]

  1. ↑ India, Army Headquarters (3 February 2012). Indian Army List January 1919 — Volume 2. Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 978-1-78150-257-0.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Authority Of The Council (July 1918). Indian Army List For July I -1918. pp. 469b.
  3. ↑ Lt. Gen. Sir George Macmunn, page 106 "The Armies of India", ISBN 0-947554-02-5
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Barthorp p.15
  5. ↑ Gaylor, John (1992). Sons of John Company. The Indian & Pakistan Armies 1903-1991. Spellmount. p. 130. ISBN 0-946771-98-7.
  6. ↑ Schollander, Wendell (9 July 2018). Glory of the Empires 1880-1914. History Press Limited. p. 339. ISBN 978-0-7524-8634-5.
  7. ↑ Qureshi. The First Punjabis.
  8. ↑ Sumner, p.15
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 Military Department (July 1890). The Quarterly Indian Army List For July I 1890. p. 276.
  10. ↑ Military Department (October 1891). The Quarterly Indian Army List For Oct I 1891. p. 284.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Authority Of The Council (July 1895). Indian Army List For July I -1895. p. 297.
  12. ↑ Authority Of The Council (April 1896). Indian Army List For April I - 1896. p. 338.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Military Department (April 1899). The Quarterly Indian Army List For April I 1899. p. 338.
  14. ↑ Military Department (April 1901). The Quarterly Indian Army List For April I 1901. p. 339.
  15. ↑ Military Department (July 1910). The Quarterly Indian Army List For July I 1910. p. 311.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Army Headquarter India (January 1920). The Quarterly Indian Army List For January I -1920. pp. 1016–1019.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Authority Of The Council (July 1921). Indian Army List For July -1921. pp. 1016–1019.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Army Department, Government of India (April 1922). The Indian Army List 1922 April. p. 1050.
  19. ↑ Authority Of The Council (October 1924). Indian Army List For Oct - 1924. p. 1050.
  20. ↑ Government Of India (April 1927). Indian Army List For April -1927. p. 552.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Authority Of The Council (July 1930). Indian Army List For July -1930. p. 552.
  22. ↑ Authority Of The Council (January 1931). Indian Army List For Jan -1931. p. 552.
  23. ↑ Authority Of The Council (October 1925). Indian Army List For Oct -1925. p. 803.
  24. ↑ Authority Of The Council (July 1917). Indian Army List For July I -1917. p. 469.
  25. ↑ Authority Of The Council (January 1922). Indian Army List For Jan -1922. p. 1016.
  26. ↑ Authority Of The Council (October 1923). Indian Army List For Oct - 1923. p. 1050.
  27. ↑ Authority Of The Council (July 1925). Indian Army List For July -1925. p. 803.
  28. ↑ Government Of India (April 1928). Indian Army List For April -1928. pp. 548–49.

Sources[edit | edit source]

  • Barthorp, Michael; Burn, Jeffrey (1979). Indian Infantry Regiments 1860–1914. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-307-0.
  • Sumner, Ian (2001). The Indian Army 1914–1947. Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-196-6.
  • Qureshi, Maj MI. (1958). The First Punjabis: History of the First Punjab Regiment, 1759-1956. Aldershot: Gale & Polden.
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