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{{Short description|Ethnic violence in British India}} | |||
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=November 2019}} | ||
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| caption = | | caption = | ||
| date = 4 September 1927 | | date = 4 September 1927 | ||
| place = [[Nagpur]], [[ | | place = [[Nagpur]], [[Central Provinces and Berar]], [[British Raj]] | ||
| coordinates = | | coordinates = | ||
| causes = | | causes = | ||
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| casualties2 = | | casualties2 = | ||
| casualties3 = | | casualties3 = | ||
| fatalities = | | fatalities = 27 | ||
| injuries = | | injuries = 200+ | ||
| arrests = | | arrests = | ||
| detentions = | | detentions = | ||
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The '''Nagpur riots of 1927''' were part of series of riots taking place across various cities in [[British Raj|British India]] during the 1920s. [[Nagpur]] was then the capital of [[Central Provinces and Berar]] (CP&B) state of British India which covered most of the central India. The riots occurred on 4 September 1927.<ref name="Pakistan – The Heart of Asia">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=12gUo6OkvjEC&q=nagpur+riots&pg=PA159 | title=Pakistan – The Heart of Asia | publisher=READ BOOKS | author=Khan, Liaquat Ali | year=2007 | pages=157–159 | isbn=978-1-4067-4352-4 | authorlink=Liaquat Ali Khan}}</ref> On that day, there was a procession for [[Mahalakshmi]], which | The '''Nagpur riots of 1927''' were part of series of riots taking place across various cities in [[British Raj|British India]] during the 1920s. [[Nagpur]] was then the capital of [[Central Provinces and Berar]] (CP&B) state of British India which covered most of the central India. The riots occurred on 4 September 1927.<ref name="Pakistan – The Heart of Asia">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=12gUo6OkvjEC&q=nagpur+riots&pg=PA159 | title=Pakistan – The Heart of Asia | publisher=READ BOOKS | author=Khan, Liaquat Ali | year=2007 | pages=157–159 | isbn=978-1-4067-4352-4 | authorlink=Liaquat Ali Khan}}</ref> On that day, there was a procession for [[Mahalakshmi]], which was blocked by [[Muslims]] when it came to the Muslim neighbourhood. In the afternoon, there was rioting near the [[Hindus|Hindu]] houses of the neighbourhood, which continued for three days.<ref name="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ifuxzl9NM5sC&q=nagpur+riots&pg=PA249 | title=Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh | publisher=APH Publishing | author=Chitkara, M. G. | year=2004 | pages=249–250 | isbn=978-81-7648-465-7}}</ref> | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
[[File:Dr. Hedgevar.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[K. B. Hedgewar]] founded [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] after the 1923 riots.]] | [[File:Dr. Hedgevar.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[K. B. Hedgewar]] founded [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] after the 1923 riots.]] | ||
The mutual trust between Hindu and Muslim communities had reached a low in the 1920s, and riots were seen frequently across many cities of India. In 1923, India witnessed eleven riots, in 1924 there were eighteen riots, in 1925 there were sixteen riots, and in 1926 there were thirty five riots.<ref name="Gandhi in His Time and Ours">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvvgOvby58YC&q=nagpur+riots+of+1923&pg=PA165 | title=Gandhi in His Time and Ours | publisher=Orient Blackswan | author=Hardiman, David | year=2003 | pages=165–166 | isbn=978-81-7824-114-2}}</ref> In the twelve months from May 1926 to April 1926, 40 more riots occurred across various cities. They mostly occurred in Bengal, [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]] and [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]] | The mutual trust between Hindu and Muslim communities had reached a low in the 1920s, and riots were seen frequently across many cities of India. In 1923, India witnessed eleven riots, in 1924 there were eighteen riots, in 1925 there were sixteen riots, and in 1926 there were thirty five riots.<ref name="Gandhi in His Time and Ours">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qvvgOvby58YC&q=nagpur+riots+of+1923&pg=PA165 | title=Gandhi in His Time and Ours | publisher=Orient Blackswan | author=Hardiman, David | year=2003 | pages=165–166 | isbn=978-81-7824-114-2}}</ref> In the twelve months from May 1926 to April 1926, 40 more riots occurred across various cities. They mostly occurred in [[Bengal]], [[Punjab Province (British India)|Punjab]], [[North-West Frontier Province]] and [[United Provinces of Agra and Oudh|United Provinces]]. | ||
The earlier riot of 1923 was caused when the members of [[Hindu Mahasabha]] took out a procession and passed in front of a [[mosque]], playing loud music. The Muslim community objected, starting a skirmish between the two parties.<ref name="Gandhi in His Time and Ours" /> These riots had a profound impact on [[K. B. Hedgewar]], prompting him to form, in 1925, the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a Hindu nationalist organization and one of the largest Hindu organizations in the world.<ref name="Lineages of the Present">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r3rAQDUm898C&q=nagpur+riots&pg=PA291 | title=Lineages of the Present | publisher=Verso | author=Ahmad, Aijaz | year=2002 | pages=291 | isbn=978-1-85984-765-7}}</ref> [[Christophe Jaffrelot]] in his book ''The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics'' records a testimony saying that Hedgewar led the [[Ganesha]] procession in 1927, beating the drums in defiance of the usual practice not to pass in front of the mosque with music.<ref name="The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uywnx2IHH8cC&q=nagpur+riots&pg=PA34 | title=The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics | publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers | author=Jaffrelot, Christophe | year=1996 | pages=40 | isbn=978-1-85065-301-1}}</ref> All these events acted as a catalyst building up the tensions between two communities. | The [[Lahore]] riots of August 1927 were the most deadly recorded riots in this series.<ref name="Pakistan – The Heart of Asia" /> | ||
The earlier riot of 1923 was caused when the members of [[Hindu Mahasabha]] took out a procession and passed in front of a [[mosque]], playing loud music. The Muslim community objected, starting a skirmish between the two parties.<ref name="Gandhi in His Time and Ours" /> These riots had a profound impact on [[K. B. Hedgewar]], prompting him to form, in 1925, the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist]] organization and one of the largest Hindu organizations in the world.<ref name="Lineages of the Present">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r3rAQDUm898C&q=nagpur+riots&pg=PA291 | title=Lineages of the Present | publisher=Verso | author=Ahmad, Aijaz | year=2002 | pages=291 | isbn=978-1-85984-765-7}}</ref> [[Christophe Jaffrelot]] in his book ''The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics'' records a testimony saying that Hedgewar led the [[Ganesha]] procession in 1927, beating the drums in defiance of the usual practice not to pass in front of the mosque with music.<ref name="The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uywnx2IHH8cC&q=nagpur+riots&pg=PA34 | title=The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics | publisher=C. Hurst & Co. Publishers | author=Jaffrelot, Christophe | year=1996 | pages=40 | isbn=978-1-85065-301-1}}</ref> All these events acted as a catalyst building up the tensions between two communities. | |||
==Riots== | ==Riots== | ||
Monday, September 4, was the day of Laxmi Puja. Like every year, Hindus took out a procession of Lakshmi in front of the mosque in the palace area. But this year, Muslims stopped the procession because they were playing loud music this time. There was an atmosphere of tension on both sides.<ref>^ AB Chitkara, M. G. (2004). Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. APH Publishing. pp. 249–250. {{ISBN|978-81-7648-465-7}}</ref> | |||
''[[The Washington Post]]'' reported 22 had been killed and more than 100 injured in riots that continued for two days.<ref name="HINDU-MOSLEM RIOTS RESULT IN 22 KILLED">{{cite news|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/119683726.html?dids=119683726:119683726&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=SEP+08%2C+1927&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=HINDU-MOSLEM+RIOTS+RESULT+IN+22+KILLED&pqatl=google|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525142719/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/119683726.html?dids=119683726:119683726&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=SEP+08,+1927&author=&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=HINDU-MOSLEM+RIOTS+RESULT+IN+22+KILLED&pqatl=google|url-status=dead|archive-date=25 May 2011|title=HINDU-MOSLEM RIOTS RESULT IN 22 KILLED|date=8 September 1927|publisher=The Washington Post (1877–1954)|access-date=10 January 2009}}</ref> | |||
Later, the government ordered troops into the city to restore peace.<ref name="25 DEAD, 180 INJURED IN CREED RIOTS IN INDIA; Troops Are Called to Quell Two-Day Hindu-Moslem Fight at Nagpur.">{{cite news|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D15FB3E581B7A93CAA91782D85F438285F9|title=25 DEAD, 180 INJURED IN CREED RIOTS IN INDIA; Troops Are Called to Quell TwoDay Hindu-Moslem Fight at Nagpur.|date=8 September 1927|work=The New York Times|access-date=10 January 2009}}</ref> During the riots, the RSS had grouped its cadres in 16 ''[[shakha]]s, ''spread out across the city to protect the Hindu communities.<ref name="Fundamentalisms and the State">{{cite book|first1=Martin E.|last1=Marty|first2=F. Scott|last2=Appleby|first3=R. Scott|last3=Appleby|others=American Academy of Arts and Sciences|title=Fundamentalisms and the State|publisher=University of Chicago Press|year=1991|pages=241|isbn=978-0-226-50884-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=doCmVaOnh_wC&q=Nagpur+riots+september+1927&pg=PA241}}</ref> | |||
Later, the government ordered troops into the city to restore peace.<ref name="25 DEAD, 180 INJURED IN CREED RIOTS IN INDIA; Troops Are Called to Quell Two-Day Hindu-Moslem Fight at Nagpur.">{{cite news|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D15FB3E581B7A93CAA91782D85F438285F9|title=25 DEAD, 180 INJURED IN CREED RIOTS IN INDIA; Troops Are Called to Quell TwoDay Hindu-Moslem Fight at Nagpur.|date=8 September 1927|work=The New York Times|access-date=10 January 2009}}</ref> During the riots, the RSS had grouped its cadres in 16 '' | |||
==Aftermath== | ==Aftermath== | ||
Many | Many homes and religious places had been vandalized and Hindus had also been killed in large numbers including 13 RSS members who were lynched by a furious Muslim mob. RSS had showcased its role in defending Hindus during the riots.<ref name="India Briefing">{{cite book|first1=Alyssa|last1=Ayres|first2=Philip|last2=Oldenburg|title=India Briefing|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|year=2005|pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiabriefingtak00alys/page/118 118]–119|isbn=978-0-7656-1593-0|url=https://archive.org/details/indiabriefingtak00alys|url-access=registration|quote=nagpur riots.}}</ref> The popularity of the organization grew as the news of the incident spread across the country, and it saw a spurt in its membership.<ref name="Khaki Shorts and Saffron Flags">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CimVTTVHtwQC&q=after+1927+riots+RSS&pg=PA18 | title=Khaki Shorts and Saffron Flags | publisher=Orient Blackswan | author1=Basu, Tapan | year=1993 | pages=19–20 | isbn=978-0-86311-383-3 | author2=Sarkar, Tanika}}</ref><ref name="Religion, Power & Violence">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h2OsOjnujSUC&q=after+1927+riots+RSS&pg=PA132 | title=Religion, Power & Violence | publisher=SAGE | author=Puniyani, Ram | year=2005 | pages=132 | isbn=978-0-7619-3338-0}}</ref> By 1929, the organization formed an elaborate hierarchical structure. Between 1931–1939, the number of its branches grew from 60 to 500. The membership count had reached 60,000 by this time.<ref name="Fundamentalisms and the State" /> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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{{Nagpur}} | {{Nagpur}} | ||
{{ | {{coord missing|Maharashtra}} | ||
| | |||
}} | |||
[[Category:History of Nagpur]] | {{DEFAULTSORT:Nagpur riots, 1927}} | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:History of Nagpur|Riots, 1927]] | ||
[[Category:Religious riots in India]] | |||
[[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] | [[Category:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] | ||
[[Category:1927 in India | [[Category:1927 in India]] | ||
[[Category:1927 riots | [[Category:1927 riots]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Mass murders in Maharashtra]] | ||
[[Category:September 1927 | [[Category:September 1927 in Asia]] | ||
[[Category:1927 mass murders]] | |||
[[Category:20th-century mass murders in India]] | |||
[[Category:Attacks on Hindu temples in India]] | |||
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in the 1920s]] | |||
[[Category:Attacks on buildings and structures in Maharashtra]] | |||
[[Category:Riots and civil disorder in Maharashtra]] | |||
Latest revision as of 17:21, 14 December 2025
| Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 978: Tried to read nil global data. | |
|---|---|
| Date | 4 September 1927 |
| Casualties | |
| Death | 27 |
| Injuries | 200+ |
The Nagpur riots of 1927 were part of series of riots taking place across various cities in British India during the 1920s. Nagpur was then the capital of Central Provinces and Berar (CP&B) state of British India which covered most of the central India. The riots occurred on 4 September 1927.[1] On that day, there was a procession for Mahalakshmi, which was blocked by Muslims when it came to the Muslim neighbourhood. In the afternoon, there was rioting near the Hindu houses of the neighbourhood, which continued for three days.[2]
Background[edit | edit source]
The mutual trust between Hindu and Muslim communities had reached a low in the 1920s, and riots were seen frequently across many cities of India. In 1923, India witnessed eleven riots, in 1924 there were eighteen riots, in 1925 there were sixteen riots, and in 1926 there were thirty five riots.[3] In the twelve months from May 1926 to April 1926, 40 more riots occurred across various cities. They mostly occurred in Bengal, Punjab, North-West Frontier Province and United Provinces.
The Lahore riots of August 1927 were the most deadly recorded riots in this series.[1]
The earlier riot of 1923 was caused when the members of Hindu Mahasabha took out a procession and passed in front of a mosque, playing loud music. The Muslim community objected, starting a skirmish between the two parties.[3] These riots had a profound impact on K. B. Hedgewar, prompting him to form, in 1925, the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a Hindu nationalist organization and one of the largest Hindu organizations in the world.[4] Christophe Jaffrelot in his book The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics records a testimony saying that Hedgewar led the Ganesha procession in 1927, beating the drums in defiance of the usual practice not to pass in front of the mosque with music.[5] All these events acted as a catalyst building up the tensions between two communities.
Riots[edit | edit source]
Monday, September 4, was the day of Laxmi Puja. Like every year, Hindus took out a procession of Lakshmi in front of the mosque in the palace area. But this year, Muslims stopped the procession because they were playing loud music this time. There was an atmosphere of tension on both sides.[6]
The Washington Post reported 22 had been killed and more than 100 injured in riots that continued for two days.[7]
Later, the government ordered troops into the city to restore peace.[8] During the riots, the RSS had grouped its cadres in 16 shakhas, spread out across the city to protect the Hindu communities.[9]
Aftermath[edit | edit source]
Many homes and religious places had been vandalized and Hindus had also been killed in large numbers including 13 RSS members who were lynched by a furious Muslim mob. RSS had showcased its role in defending Hindus during the riots.[10] The popularity of the organization grew as the news of the incident spread across the country, and it saw a spurt in its membership.[11][12] By 1929, the organization formed an elaborate hierarchical structure. Between 1931–1939, the number of its branches grew from 60 to 500. The membership count had reached 60,000 by this time.[9]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Khan, Liaquat Ali (2007). Pakistan – The Heart of Asia. READ BOOKS. pp. 157–159. ISBN 978-1-4067-4352-4.
- ↑ Chitkara, M. G. (2004). Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. APH Publishing. pp. 249–250. ISBN 978-81-7648-465-7.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hardiman, David (2003). Gandhi in His Time and Ours. Orient Blackswan. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-81-7824-114-2.
- ↑ Ahmad, Aijaz (2002). Lineages of the Present. Verso. p. 291. ISBN 978-1-85984-765-7.
- ↑ Jaffrelot, Christophe (1996). The Hindu Nationalist Movement and Indian Politics. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-85065-301-1.
- ↑ ^ AB Chitkara, M. G. (2004). Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh. APH Publishing. pp. 249–250. ISBN 978-81-7648-465-7
- ↑ "HINDU-MOSLEM RIOTS RESULT IN 22 KILLED". The Washington Post (1877–1954). 8 September 1927. Archived from the original on 25 May 2011. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
- ↑ "25 DEAD, 180 INJURED IN CREED RIOTS IN INDIA; Troops Are Called to Quell TwoDay Hindu-Moslem Fight at Nagpur". The New York Times. 8 September 1927. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Marty, Martin E.; Appleby, F. Scott; Appleby, R. Scott (1991). Fundamentalisms and the State. American Academy of Arts and Sciences. University of Chicago Press. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-226-50884-9.
- ↑ Ayres, Alyssa; Oldenburg, Philip (2005). India Briefing. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 118–119. ISBN 978-0-7656-1593-0.
nagpur riots.
- ↑ Basu, Tapan; Sarkar, Tanika (1993). Khaki Shorts and Saffron Flags. Orient Blackswan. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-0-86311-383-3.
- ↑ Puniyani, Ram (2005). Religion, Power & Violence. SAGE. p. 132. ISBN 978-0-7619-3338-0.