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{{Short description|Indian small-lift launch vehicle}}
{{Short description|Indian small-lift launch vehicle}}
{{About|the small-lift rocket developed by ISRO in the 2020s|similarly named 1970s rocket|Satellite Launch Vehicle|small-lift satellite launch vehicles in general|Small-lift launch vehicle}}
{{About|the small-lift rocket developed by ISRO in the 2020s|similarly named 1970s rocket|Satellite Launch Vehicle|small-lift satellite launch vehicles in general|Small-lift launch vehicle}}
{{Use Indian English}}
{{Use Indian English|date= June 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= June 2023}}
{{Infobox rocket
{{Infobox rocket
|name          = Small Satellite Launch Vehicle
|name          = Small Satellite Launch Vehicle
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The maiden flight SSLV-D1 was conducted on 7 August 2022,<ref name = "ISROTWT_20220801"/><ref name="toi-20220719">{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/another-chandrayaan-3-test-done-on-sunday-sslv-launch-planned-for-august/articleshow/92982060.cms |title=Another Chandrayaan-3 test done on Sunday; SSLV launch planned for August |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref> from the [[Satish Dhawan FLP|First Launch Pad]], but failed to orbit.<ref name="Tribune_20201006"/> A second flight SSLV D2 was conducted on 10 February 2023 that  successfully delivered payloads to orbit.<ref name=pib>{{Cite news |title=Successful flight of Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1897963 |access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref>
The maiden flight SSLV-D1 was conducted on 7 August 2022,<ref name = "ISROTWT_20220801"/><ref name="toi-20220719">{{cite web |last=Kumar |first=Chethan |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/another-chandrayaan-3-test-done-on-sunday-sslv-launch-planned-for-august/articleshow/92982060.cms |title=Another Chandrayaan-3 test done on Sunday; SSLV launch planned for August |work=[[The Times of India]] |access-date=19 July 2022}}</ref> from the [[Satish Dhawan FLP|First Launch Pad]], but failed to orbit.<ref name="Tribune_20201006"/> A second flight SSLV D2 was conducted on 10 February 2023 that  successfully delivered payloads to orbit.<ref name=pib>{{Cite news |title=Successful flight of Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) |work=[[Press Information Bureau]] |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1897963 |access-date=14 February 2023}}</ref>


In the future, a dedicated launch site in [[Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport| Kulasekharapatnam, Tamil Nadu]] will handle SSLV launches to [[Sun-synchronous orbit]].<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=Design, Fabrication, Integration, Testing, Supply and Commissioning of Vehicle Telecommand Systems |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro14-02-13437.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806201323/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro14-02-13437.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2022 |quote=The proposed systems will be used as a part of new commanding requirement for Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) Launch Complex (SLC) Site at Kulasekarapatnam, Tamilnadu.}}</ref><ref name="AstrotalkUK">{{cite web|url=https://astrotalkuk.org/episode-90-an-update-on-isros-activities-with-s-somanath-and-r-umamaheshwaran/|title=Episode 90 – An update on ISRO's activities with S. Somanath and R. Umamaheshwaran|publisher=AstrotalkUK|access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-to-get-its-second-spaceport-land-acquisition-work-begins-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/72323869.cms|title = India to get its second spaceport, land acquisition work begins in Tamil Nadu &#124; India News - Times of India|newspaper = The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite news|title="Industrialised" PSLV by 2022|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/industrialised-pslv-by-2022/article30647297.ece|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2020-01-25}}</ref> After entering the operational phase, the vehicle's production and launch operations will be done by a consortium of Indian firms along with [[NewSpace India Limited]] (NSIL).<ref name=":3">{{cite web |last=Sorensen |first=Jodi |url=https://spaceflight.com/spaceflight-inc-purchases-and-fully-manifests-first-ever-commercial-sslv-mission-from-newspace-india-limited-nsil-the-commercial-arm-of-isro-india/ |title=Spaceflight Inc. Purchases and Fully Manifests First-Ever Commercial SSLV Mission from NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), the Commercial Arm of ISRO, India |work=[[Spaceflight, Inc.|Spaceflight]] |access-date=2019-08-06}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Surendra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-rope-in-industry-majors-for-mini-pslv-project/articleshow/64034805.cms |title=ISRO to rope in industry majors for mini-PSLV project |work=The Times of India |access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/there-s-big-money-to-make-in-space-business-for-indian-firms-antrix-chief-118090200228_1.html|title=There's big money to make in space business for Indian firms: Antrix chief|last=IANS|work=[[Business Standard|Business Standard India]]|access-date=2018-09-02}}</ref>
In the future, a dedicated launch site in [[Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport|Kulasekharapatnam, Tamil Nadu]] will handle SSLV launches to [[Sun-synchronous orbit]].<ref name=":6">{{cite web |title=Design, Fabrication, Integration, Testing, Supply and Commissioning of Vehicle Telecommand Systems |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro14-02-13437.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220806201323/https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt_ro14-02-13437.pdf |archive-date=6 August 2022 |quote=The proposed systems will be used as a part of new commanding requirement for Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) Launch Complex (SLC) Site at Kulasekarapatnam, Tamilnadu.}}</ref><ref name="AstrotalkUK">{{cite web|url=https://astrotalkuk.org/episode-90-an-update-on-isros-activities-with-s-somanath-and-r-umamaheshwaran/|title=Episode 90 – An update on ISRO's activities with S. Somanath and R. Umamaheshwaran|publisher=AstrotalkUK|access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref><ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-to-get-its-second-spaceport-land-acquisition-work-begins-in-tamil-nadu/articleshow/72323869.cms|title = India to get its second spaceport, land acquisition work begins in Tamil Nadu &#124; India News - Times of India|newspaper = The Times of India}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite news|title="Industrialised" PSLV by 2022|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/industrialised-pslv-by-2022/article30647297.ece|issn=0971-751X|access-date=2020-01-25}}</ref> After entering the operational phase, the vehicle's production and launch operations will be done by a consortium of Indian firms along with [[NewSpace India Limited]] (NSIL).<ref name=":3">{{cite web |last=Sorensen |first=Jodi |url=https://spaceflight.com/spaceflight-inc-purchases-and-fully-manifests-first-ever-commercial-sslv-mission-from-newspace-india-limited-nsil-the-commercial-arm-of-isro-india/ |title=Spaceflight Inc. Purchases and Fully Manifests First-Ever Commercial SSLV Mission from NewSpace India Limited (NSIL), the Commercial Arm of ISRO, India |work=[[Spaceflight, Inc.|Spaceflight]] |access-date=2019-08-06}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Surendra |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/isro-to-rope-in-industry-majors-for-mini-pslv-project/articleshow/64034805.cms |title=ISRO to rope in industry majors for mini-PSLV project |work=The Times of India |access-date=2 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/there-s-big-money-to-make-in-space-business-for-indian-firms-antrix-chief-118090200228_1.html|title=There's big money to make in space business for Indian firms: Antrix chief|last=IANS|work=[[Business Standard|Business Standard India]]|access-date=2018-09-02}}</ref>


== Vehicle description ==
== Vehicle description ==
[[File:SSLV-D1, EOS-02 - EOS-02 and AzaadiSAT on Velocity Trimming Module (VTM) in cleanroom before encapsulation 01.jpg|left|thumb|[[EOS 02]] spacecraft and VTM upper stage integrated in a cleanroom facility.]]
[[File:SSLV-D1, EOS-02 - EOS-02 and AzaadiSAT on Velocity Trimming Module (VTM) in cleanroom before encapsulation 01.jpg|left|thumb|[[EOS 02]] spacecraft and VTM upper stage integrated in a cleanroom facility.]]
The SSLV was developed with the aim of launching small satellites commercially at drastically reduced price and higher launch rate compared to [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV). The development cost of SSLV is {{INRConvert|169.07|c|lk=on|year=2021}}<ref name="Tribune_20201006">{{cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=ISRO plans to launch new rocket before December 2020 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/isro-plans-to-launch-new-rocket-before-dec-2020-151852|publisher=Tribuneindia News|access-date=2020-10-07}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{cite web|title=Satellite Launch Vehicle|url=https://pqars.nic.in/annex/255/AU2164.pdf|url-status=live|quote=The development of SSLV is in the final stages and the first developmental flight of SSLV is targeted during the first quarter of 2022. The Government has sanctioned a total cost of Rs.169.07 Crores for the development project including the development & qualification of the vehicle systems and the flight demonstration through three development flights (SSLV-D1, SSLV-D2 & SSLV-D3)}}</ref> and the manufacturing cost is expected to be {{INRConvert|30|c|lk=on}} to {{INRConvert|35|c|lk=on}}.<ref name="ET_20200331">{{cite news|title=ISRO readying for low cost satellite launch vehicles|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/isro-readying-for-low-cost-satellite-launch-vehicles/articleshow/73808029.cms|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref><ref name=":0"/><ref name="TH_20190111">{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/chandrayaan-2-mission-planned-for-middle-of-april-isro/article25968158.ece|title=Chandrayaan-2 Mission planned for middle of April|website=@businessline| date=11 January 2019 |access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref>
The SSLV was developed with the aim of launching small satellites commercially at drastically reduced price and higher launch rate compared to [[Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (PSLV). The development cost of SSLV is {{INRConvert|169.07|c|lk=on|year=2021}}<ref name=":4">{{cite web|title=Satellite Launch Vehicle|url=https://pqars.nic.in/annex/255/AU2164.pdf|url-status=live|quote=The development of SSLV is in the final stages and the first developmental flight of SSLV is targeted during the first quarter of 2022. The Government has sanctioned a total cost of Rs.169.07 Crores for the development project including the development & qualification of the vehicle systems and the flight demonstration through three development flights (SSLV-D1, SSLV-D2 & SSLV-D3)}}</ref><ref name="Tribune_20201006">{{cite web|last=Service|first=Tribune News|title=ISRO plans to launch new rocket before December 2020 |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/isro-plans-to-launch-new-rocket-before-dec-2020-151852|publisher=Tribuneindia News|access-date=2020-10-07}}</ref> and the manufacturing cost is expected to be {{INRConvert|30|c|lk=on}} to {{INRConvert|35|c|lk=on}}.<ref name="ET_20200331">{{cite news|title=ISRO readying for low cost satellite launch vehicles|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/science/isro-readying-for-low-cost-satellite-launch-vehicles/articleshow/73808029.cms|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref><ref name="TH_20190111">{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/science/chandrayaan-2-mission-planned-for-middle-of-april-isro/article25968158.ece|title=Chandrayaan-2 Mission planned for middle of April|website=@businessline| date=11 January 2019 |access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref><ref name=":0"/>


The projected high launch rate relies on largely autonomous launch operation and on overall simple logistics. To compare, a PSLV launch involves 600 officials while SSLV launch operations would be managed by a small team of about six people. The launch readiness period of the SSLV is expected to be less than a week instead of months.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spacetechasia.com/indias-19-upcoming-missions-and-isros-small-satellite-launch-vehicle-sslv/|title=India's 19 upcoming missions, and ISRO's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)|publisher=SpaceTech Asia|access-date=2018-09-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ISRO developing vehicle to launch small satellites|publisher=Frontline|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/article24801393.ece|access-date=2021-07-23}}</ref> The launch vehicle can be assembled both vertically like the existing PSLV and [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (GSLV) and horizontally like the retired [[Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (SLV) and [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (ASLV).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/design-for-small-satellite-launchvehicle-ready/article25792402.ece|title=Design for Small Satellite Launch Vehicle ready|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-21}}</ref>
The projected high launch rate relies on largely autonomous launch operation and on overall simple logistics. To compare, a PSLV launch involves 600 officials while SSLV launch operations would be managed by a small team of about six people. The launch readiness period of the SSLV is expected to be less than a week instead of months.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.spacetechasia.com/indias-19-upcoming-missions-and-isros-small-satellite-launch-vehicle-sslv/|title=India's 19 upcoming missions, and ISRO's Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)|publisher=SpaceTech Asia|access-date=2018-09-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ISRO developing vehicle to launch small satellites|publisher=Frontline|url=https://frontline.thehindu.com/science-and-technology/article24801393.ece|access-date=2021-07-23}}</ref> The launch vehicle can be assembled both vertically like the existing PSLV and [[Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (GSLV) and horizontally like the retired [[Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (SLV) and [[Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle]] (ASLV).<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/design-for-small-satellite-launchvehicle-ready/article25792402.ece|title=Design for Small Satellite Launch Vehicle ready|newspaper=The Hindu|access-date=2018-12-21}}</ref>
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* Single/Multi Satellites - Nano, Micro, Mini satellites
* Single/Multi Satellites - Nano, Micro, Mini satellites
* 500 kg in 500 km orbit at 35° to 55° inclination range.
* 500&nbsp;kg in 500&nbsp;km orbit at 35° to 55° inclination range.
* Up to 300 kg into 500 km [[sun-synchronous orbit]].
* Up to 300&nbsp;kg into 500&nbsp;km [[sun-synchronous orbit]].


== SSLV Launch Complex ==
== SSLV Launch Complex ==
{{main|Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport}}
{{main|Kulasekharapatnam Spaceport}}
The early developmental flights and those to inclined orbits will launch from [[Sriharikota]],<ref name="AstrotalkUK"/> at first using existing launch pads and later from dedicated facility called SSLV Launch Complex (SLC) in [[Kulasekharapatnam]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Message from Chairman's desk|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-jan-2019/message-chairmans-desk|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation|website=isro.gov.in|access-date=30 October 2019|archive-date=2 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102052022/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-jan-2019/message-chairmans-desk|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":6" /> Tenders related to manufacturing, installation, assembly, inspection, testing and Self Propelled launching Unit (SPU) were released in October 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=TENDER NOTICE NO. SDSC SHAR/Sr.HPS/PT/13/2019-2020|quote=REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) FOR SUPPLY, INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING OF RAIL TRACK FOR SLC PROJECT |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt13-03-11483.pdf|website=isro.gov.in|publisher=ISRO|access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=TENDER NOTICE NO. SDSC SHAR/Sr.HPS/PT/RO/03/2019-2020|quote=REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) FOR PROCUREMENT, MANUFACTURE, SUPPLY, TESTING and {{sic|COMMIS|IONING|nolink=y}} OF SELF PROPELLED UNITS FOR SLC |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt-_ro_03_-_01-_12041.pdf|website=isro.gov.in|access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt11-03-11486.pdf|title=TENDER NOTICE NO. SDSC SHAR/Sr.HPS/PT/11/2019-2020|quote=RFP document for Supply of Stainless Steel Tanks|website=isro.gov.in |publisher=ISRO|access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref>
The early developmental flights and those to inclined orbits will launch from [[Sriharikota]],<ref name="AstrotalkUK"/> at first using existing launch pads and later from dedicated facility called SSLV Launch Complex (SLC) in [[Kulasekharapatnam]].<ref name=":6" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Message from Chairman's desk|url=https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-jan-2019/message-chairmans-desk|publisher=Indian Space Research Organisation|website=isro.gov.in|access-date=30 October 2019|archive-date=2 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102052022/https://www.isro.gov.in/update/01-jan-2019/message-chairmans-desk|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tenders related to manufacturing, installation, assembly, inspection, testing and Self Propelled launching Unit (SPU) were released in October 2019.<ref>{{cite web|title=TENDER NOTICE NO. SDSC SHAR/Sr.HPS/PT/13/2019-2020|quote=REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) FOR SUPPLY, INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING OF RAIL TRACK FOR SLC PROJECT |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt13-03-11483.pdf|website=isro.gov.in|publisher=ISRO|access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=TENDER NOTICE NO. SDSC SHAR/Sr.HPS/PT/RO/03/2019-2020|quote=REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP) FOR PROCUREMENT, MANUFACTURE, SUPPLY, TESTING and {{sic|COMMIS|IONING|nolink=y}} OF SELF PROPELLED UNITS FOR SLC |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt-_ro_03_-_01-_12041.pdf|website=isro.gov.in|access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/sites/default/files/tenders/pt11-03-11486.pdf|title=TENDER NOTICE NO. SDSC SHAR/Sr.HPS/PT/11/2019-2020|quote=RFP document for Supply of Stainless Steel Tanks|website=isro.gov.in |publisher=ISRO|access-date=30 October 2019}}</ref>


This new spaceport, under development, near [[Kulasekharapatnam]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] will handle SSLV launches to [[Sun-synchronous orbit]] when complete.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/space/isro-kulasekarapattinam-thoothukudi-sdsc-sriharikota-sslv-pslv-gslv-antrix|title=ISRO's Second Spaceport, for New SSLV Rocket, to Come up in Tamil Nadu|publisher=The Wire|access-date=2020-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/design-phase-for-indias-manned-mission-to-space-over-astronauts-have-undergone-medical-training-isro-2157703|title=4 IAF Pilots Selected, Design Phase Of Manned Mission Over|type=Video|time=8 minutes}}</ref>
This new spaceport, under development, near [[Kulasekharapatnam]] in [[Tamil Nadu]] will handle SSLV launches to [[Sun-synchronous orbit]] when complete.<ref name="timesofindia.indiatimes.com"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thewire.in/space/isro-kulasekarapattinam-thoothukudi-sdsc-sriharikota-sslv-pslv-gslv-antrix|title=ISRO's Second Spaceport, for New SSLV Rocket, to Come up in Tamil Nadu|publisher=The Wire|access-date=2020-01-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite AV media|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/design-phase-for-indias-manned-mission-to-space-over-astronauts-have-undergone-medical-training-isro-2157703|title=4 IAF Pilots Selected, Design Phase Of Manned Mission Over|type=Video|time=8 minutes}}</ref>
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The official explanation by the ISRO for the mission failure was software malfunction.<ref name=":8">{{Cite tweet|number=1556136626278912002|user=isro|title=SSLV-D1/EOS-02 Mission: Maiden flight of SSLV is completed. All stages performed as expected. Data loss is observed during the terminal stage. It is being analysed. Will be updated soon.|author=[[Indian Space Research Organization]]}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite tweet|number=1556208112138215424|user=isro|title=SSLV-D1/EOS-02 Mission update: SSLV-D1 placed the satellites into 356 km x 76 km elliptical orbit instead of 356 km circular orbit. Satellites are no longer usable. Issue is reasonably identified. Failure of a logic to identify a sensor failure and go for a salvage action caused the deviation. A committee would analyse and recommend. With the implementation of the recommendations, ISRO will come back soon with SSLV-D2. A detailed statement by Chairman, ISRO will be uploaded soon.|author=[[Indian Space Research Organization]]}}</ref><ref name="SSLVD1_FARS" /> According to the ISRO, the mission software detected an accelerometer anomaly during the second stage separation. This caused the rocket navigation to switch from a closed loop guidance to an open loop guidance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=T. s |title=ISRO chief S. Somanath interview {{!}} 'An anomaly for two seconds led to SSLV mission's underperformance' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/an-anomaly-for-two-seconds-in-one-of-accelerometers-in-launch-vehicle-led-to-sslv-missions-underperformance-isro-chief/article65758052.ece |access-date=2022-08-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Even though, this switch in guidance mode was part of the redundancy built into the rocket's navigation, it could not salvage the mission.
The official explanation by the ISRO for the mission failure was software malfunction.<ref name=":8">{{Cite tweet|number=1556136626278912002|user=isro|title=SSLV-D1/EOS-02 Mission: Maiden flight of SSLV is completed. All stages performed as expected. Data loss is observed during the terminal stage. It is being analysed. Will be updated soon.|author=[[Indian Space Research Organization]]}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite tweet|number=1556208112138215424|user=isro|title=SSLV-D1/EOS-02 Mission update: SSLV-D1 placed the satellites into 356 km x 76 km elliptical orbit instead of 356 km circular orbit. Satellites are no longer usable. Issue is reasonably identified. Failure of a logic to identify a sensor failure and go for a salvage action caused the deviation. A committee would analyse and recommend. With the implementation of the recommendations, ISRO will come back soon with SSLV-D2. A detailed statement by Chairman, ISRO will be uploaded soon.|author=[[Indian Space Research Organization]]}}</ref><ref name="SSLVD1_FARS" /> According to the ISRO, the mission software detected an accelerometer anomaly during the second stage separation. This caused the rocket navigation to switch from a closed loop guidance to an open loop guidance.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Subramanian |first=T. s |title=ISRO chief S. Somanath interview {{!}} 'An anomaly for two seconds led to SSLV mission's underperformance' |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/interview/an-anomaly-for-two-seconds-in-one-of-accelerometers-in-launch-vehicle-led-to-sslv-missions-underperformance-isro-chief/article65758052.ece |access-date=2022-08-12 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref> Even though, this switch in guidance mode was part of the redundancy built into the rocket's navigation, it could not salvage the mission.


During the open loop guidance mode, the final VTM stage only managed to fire for 0.1s instead of the intended 20s.<ref name="thewire1">{{cite web |title=ISRO's Maiden Small Satellite Rocket Flight Ends in Doubt After Engine Fails to Fire |url=https://thewire.in/space/sslv-suffers-data-loss-at-terminal-stage-isro |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=The Wire}}</ref> This led to the two satellites as well as the VTM stage of the rocket being injected into an unstable elliptical transatmospheric orbit of 360.56×75.66 km with an inclination of 36.56°.<ref name="SSLVD1_FARS" />
During the open loop guidance mode, the final VTM stage only managed to fire for 0.1s instead of the intended 20s.<ref name="thewire1">{{cite web |title=ISRO's Maiden Small Satellite Rocket Flight Ends in Doubt After Engine Fails to Fire |url=https://thewire.in/space/sslv-suffers-data-loss-at-terminal-stage-isro |access-date=2022-08-07 |website=The Wire}}</ref> This led to the two satellites as well as the VTM stage of the rocket being injected into an unstable elliptical transatmospheric orbit of 360.56×75.66&nbsp;km with an inclination of 36.56°.<ref name="SSLVD1_FARS" />


The SSLV-D1’s final VTM stage had 16 hydrazine ([[Monomethylhydrazine|MMH]]+[[Mixed oxides of nitrogen|MON3]]) fueled  thrusters. Eight of those were to provide altitude control and the remaining eight for controlling the orbital velocity.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=India's new small satellite launcher fails to put satellites into correct orbit – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/08/07/indias-new-small-satellite-launcher-fails-to-put-satellites-into-correct-orbit/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> The VTM stage also provided pitch, yaw and roll control during the orbital insertion maneuvers.<ref>{{Citation |title=SSLV-D1/EOS-02 Mission launch is scheduled for Aug 7, 2022 at 9:18 hrs IST from SDSC, Sriharikota |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2307&v=m0tsABQCW1M |language=en |access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> The three main stages of the SSLV-D1 functioned normally. But, that was not enough to impart adequate impulse for the two satellite payloads to achieve stable orbits. For the injection of the two satellite payloads into their intended stable orbits, the VTM stage had to fire for at least 20 seconds, to impart enough additional orbital velocity and altitude corrections. Instead the VTM kicked-in at 653.5s and shut itself down at 653.6s, post lift-off.<ref>{{Citation |title=SSLV-D1/EOS-02 Mission launch is scheduled for Aug 7, 2022 at 9:18 hrs IST from SDSC, Sriharikota |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=3348&v=m0tsABQCW1M |language=en |access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> Following the partial firing of the VTM stage, the EOS 02 was released at 738.5s and AazadiSAT at 788.4s, post-liftoff. These failures transpired, resulting in the satellites entering an unstable orbit and subsequently destroyed upon reentry.
The SSLV-D1’s final VTM stage had 16 hydrazine ([[Monomethylhydrazine|MMH]]+[[Mixed oxides of nitrogen|MON3]]) fueled  thrusters. Eight of those were to provide altitude control and the remaining eight for controlling the orbital velocity.<ref>{{cite web |last=Clark |first=Stephen |title=India's new small satellite launcher fails to put satellites into correct orbit – Spaceflight Now |url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2022/08/07/indias-new-small-satellite-launcher-fails-to-put-satellites-into-correct-orbit/ |access-date=2022-08-08 |language=en-US}}</ref> The VTM stage also provided pitch, yaw and roll control during the orbital insertion maneuvers.<ref>{{Citation |title=SSLV-D1/EOS-02 Mission launch is scheduled for Aug 7, 2022 at 9:18 hrs IST from SDSC, Sriharikota |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2307&v=m0tsABQCW1M |language=en |access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> The three main stages of the SSLV-D1 functioned normally. But, that was not enough to impart adequate impulse for the two satellite payloads to achieve stable orbits. For the injection of the two satellite payloads into their intended stable orbits, the VTM stage had to fire for at least 20 seconds, to impart enough additional orbital velocity and altitude corrections. Instead the VTM kicked-in at 653.5s and shut itself down at 653.6s, post lift-off.<ref>{{Citation |title=SSLV-D1/EOS-02 Mission launch is scheduled for Aug 7, 2022 at 9:18 hrs IST from SDSC, Sriharikota |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=3348&v=m0tsABQCW1M |language=en |access-date=2022-08-08}}</ref> Following the partial firing of the VTM stage, the EOS 02 was released at 738.5s and AazadiSAT at 788.4s, post-liftoff. These failures transpired, resulting in the satellites entering an unstable orbit and subsequently destroyed upon reentry.
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|{{Success}}
|{{Success}}
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| colspan="8" |Second developmental flight of the SSLV.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajwi |first=Tiki |title=Second development flight of Small Satellite Launch Vehicle likely this year |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/second-development-flight-of-small-satellite-launch-vehicle-likely-this-year/article66001388.ece |access-date=13 October 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=SSLV-D2/EOS-07 MISSION |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_SSLV_D2.html |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref><ref name="SSLVD1_FARS">{{Cite web |title=SSLV-D2/EOS-07 Mission: Second Developmental Flight of SSLV |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_SSLV_D1_summary_D2.html |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>
| colspan="8" |Second developmental flight of the SSLV.<ref name="SSLVD1_FARS">{{Cite web |title=SSLV-D2/EOS-07 Mission: Second Developmental Flight of SSLV |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_SSLV_D1_summary_D2.html |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rajwi |first=Tiki |title=Second development flight of Small Satellite Launch Vehicle likely this year |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/second-development-flight-of-small-satellite-launch-vehicle-likely-this-year/article66001388.ece |access-date=13 October 2022 |issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=SSLV-D2/EOS-07 MISSION |url=https://www.isro.gov.in/mission_SSLV_D2.html |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=www.isro.gov.in}}</ref>
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|[[Spaceflight Industries]]
|[[Spaceflight Industries]]
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| colspan="5" |Manifested on a future SSLV commercial flight, four 56&nbsp;kg [[BlackSky|Blacksky Global]] satellites to ~500&nbsp;km circular orbit with 50° inclination.<ref>{{cite web |title=Application for Earth Exploration Satellite Service by BlackSky Global, LLC |url=https://fcc.report/IBFS/SAT-MOD-20190725-00067/1816346.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728111320/https://fcc.report/IBFS/SAT-MOD-20190725-00067/1816346.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2019 |access-date=28 July 2019 |publisher=FCC |page=6 |quote=Global-5 through Global-8 are currently scheduled to be launched in November 2019 on a Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) by the Indian Space Research Organization from its Satish Dhawan Space Center}} {{PD-notice}}</ref><ref name=":3" />
| colspan="5" |Manifested on a future SSLV commercial flight, four 56&nbsp;kg [[BlackSky|Blacksky Global]] satellites to ~500&nbsp;km circular orbit with 50° inclination.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Application for Earth Exploration Satellite Service by BlackSky Global, LLC |url=https://fcc.report/IBFS/SAT-MOD-20190725-00067/1816346.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728111320/https://fcc.report/IBFS/SAT-MOD-20190725-00067/1816346.pdf |archive-date=28 July 2019 |access-date=28 July 2019 |publisher=FCC |page=6 |quote=Global-5 through Global-8 are currently scheduled to be launched in November 2019 on a Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) by the Indian Space Research Organization from its Satish Dhawan Space Center}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>
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