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{{short description|System to protect aircraft from heat seeking portable missiles}} | {{short description|System to protect aircraft from heat seeking portable missiles}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date= | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2025}} | ||
[[File:C-17 missile countermeasures laser turret.jpg|thumb|Northrop Grumman AN/AAQ-24 DIRCM]] | [[File:C-17 missile countermeasures laser turret.jpg|thumb|Northrop Grumman AN/AAQ-24 DIRCM]] | ||
'''Directional Infrared Counter Measures''' ('''DIRCM''') are a class of [[anti-missile]] systems produced to protect [[aircraft]] from [[infrared homing]] missiles, primarily [[Man-portable air-defense system|MANPADS]] and similar simple systems. | '''Directional Infrared Counter Measures''' ('''DIRCM''') are a class of [[anti-missile]] systems produced to protect [[aircraft]] from [[infrared homing]] missiles, primarily [[Man-portable air-defense system|MANPADS]] and similar simple systems. | ||
Earlier [[infrared countermeasures]] like [[flare]]s or hot block systems that produce random flashes of IR light are semi- or | Earlier [[infrared countermeasures]] like [[flare]]s or hot block systems that produce random flashes of IR light are semi- or omnidirectional. This results in the missile seeker receiving relatively little IR energy due to the [[inverse square law]]. DIRCM systems instead aim their IR output directly at the missile using some source of tracking information and a trainable emitter. This allows a relatively small device to overwhelm the missile seeker by focusing all of its output on it. | ||
Examples are produced by many aerospace companies, such as [[Leonardo S.p.A.]], [[Elbit Systems]], [[Northrop Grumman]], [[ITT Corporation]], and [[BAE Systems]]. A Russian example is the 101KS-O. | Examples are produced by many aerospace companies, such as | ||
[[Aselsan]], [[Leonardo S.p.A.]], [[Elbit Systems]], [[Northrop Grumman]], [[ITT Corporation]], and [[BAE Systems]]. A Russian example is the 101KS-O. | |||
==Method of operation== | ==Method of operation== | ||
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:101 KS-O DIRCM for Su-57.jpg|thumb|Russian 101 KS-O DIRCM for [[Sukhoi Su-57|Su-57]]]] --> | <!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:101 KS-O DIRCM for Su-57.jpg|thumb|Russian 101 KS-O DIRCM for [[Sukhoi Su-57|Su-57]]]] --> | ||
The systems use an effective method of jamming [[infrared homing|infrared missile]] seekers through the sensor aperture and can be placed in either active or standby mode. In the standby mode, the [[aircrew]] must select the active mode to begin jamming [[infrared]] (IR) threats. The pulsing flashes of IR energy confuse the missile guidance system, preventing the tracking of the target aircraft. | The systems use an effective method of jamming [[infrared homing|infrared missile]] seekers through the sensor aperture and can be placed in either active or standby mode. In the standby mode, the [[aircrew]] must select the active mode to begin jamming [[infrared]] (IR) threats. The pulsing flashes of IR energy confuse the missile guidance system, preventing the tracking of the target aircraft.{{fact|date=October 2025}} | ||
== Systems == | == Systems == | ||
===AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis=== | ===AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis=== | ||
The AN/AAQ-24 system is a directional infrared countermeasure (DIRCM) system. It consists of a missile warning system ([[AN/AAR-54]]), an integration unit, a processor, and laser turrets (Small Laser Transmitter Assembly, SLTA). Early versions of this system used an arc lamp to generate the jammer [[signal]]. The newer versions of this system | The AN/AAQ-24 system is a directional infrared countermeasure (DIRCM) system. It consists of a missile warning system ([[AN/AAR-54]]), an integration unit, a processor, and laser turrets (Small Laser Transmitter Assembly, SLTA). Early versions of this system used an [[arc lamp]] to generate the jammer [[signal]]. The newer versions of this system manufactured by [[Northrop Grumman]] use diode-based [[laser pumping]] systems known by the name GUARDIAN. These systems are intended for potential fitting to commercial carriers pending the completion of multiple tests on the viability of such options.{{fact|date=October 2025}} | ||
The AN/AAQ-24 system is installed in the [[Northrop Grumman Guardian]] system marketed for commercial aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://investor.northropgrumman.com/news-releases/news-release-details/northrop-grumman-completes-design-commercial-aircraft-protection|title=Northrop Grumman Completes Design of Commercial Aircraft Protection System|website=Northrop Grumman|language=en|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> The system will be installed by 2025<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://militaryleak.com/2019/01/05/northrop-grumman-receives-3-6-billion-contract-for-large-aircraft-infrared-countermeasure-systems/|title=Northrop Grumman receives $3.6 Billion contract for Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasure systems | The AN/AAQ-24 system is installed in the [[Northrop Grumman Guardian]] system marketed for commercial aircraft.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://investor.northropgrumman.com/news-releases/news-release-details/northrop-grumman-completes-design-commercial-aircraft-protection|title=Northrop Grumman Completes Design of Commercial Aircraft Protection System|website=Northrop Grumman|language=en|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> The system will be installed by 2025<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://militaryleak.com/2019/01/05/northrop-grumman-receives-3-6-billion-contract-for-large-aircraft-infrared-countermeasure-systems/|title=Northrop Grumman receives $3.6 Billion contract for Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasure systems|date=2019-01-05|website=MilitaryLeak|language=en-US|access-date=2020-04-17}}</ref> on [[C-17 Globemaster III]], [[MC-130]], [[CV-22 Osprey]], and the [[CH-53E Super Stallion]]. In 2010, the US [[Defense Security Cooperation Agency]] announced to [[United States Congress|Congress]] a possible sale to Canada of eight AN/AAQ-24(V) DIRCMs including equipment and services for a total value of up to US$72 million.<ref name=dcsa>{{Cite press release|url= https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/canada-anaaq-24v-directional-infrared-countermeasure-systems |title= Canada – AN/AAQ-24(V) Directional Infrared Countermeasure Systems |first1= Charles |last1= Taylor |first2= Paul |last2= Ebner |publisher=Defense Security Cooperation Agency |date= 15 September 2010 |access-date=2024-12-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328094741/https://www.dsca.mil/press-media/major-arms-sales/canada-anaaq-24v-directional-infrared-countermeasure-systems |archive-date=2021-03-28}}</ref> Other material and services would include publications and technical documentation, personnel training and training equipment, U.S. Government (USG) and contractor engineering, technical and logistics support services.<ref name=dcsa /> | ||
[[Large Aircraft Infrared Counter-Measure]] system (LAIRCM) was a [[US military|US Military]] requirement for protecting its large aircraft from infrared-guided missiles. | [[Large Aircraft Infrared Counter-Measure]] system (LAIRCM) was a [[US military|US Military]] requirement for protecting its large aircraft from infrared-guided missiles. The AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis system was produced to serve this requirement.{{fact|date=October 2025}} | ||
LAIRCM-Lite is a C-17 program that uses a combination of laser jamming DIRCM and flares due to the limited availability of LAIRCM components. | LAIRCM-Lite is a C-17 program that uses a combination of laser jamming DIRCM and flares due to the limited availability of LAIRCM components.{{fact|date=October 2025}} | ||
===101KS-O === | ===101KS-O=== | ||
The 101KS-O is a DIRCM system mounted on the [[Sukhoi Su-57]] fighter jet. It has sensors | The 101KS-O is a DIRCM system mounted on the [[Sukhoi Su-57]] fighter jet. It has sensors that are placed in turrets, which are mounted on two points: the dorsal spine and the forward fuselage under the cockpit. It uses [[Modulation|modulated]] laser-based countermeasures to confuse or destroy incoming missiles' tracking mechanisms.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globaldefencewatch.com/sukhoi-57s-targetting-pod-101ks-n-spotted/ |title=Sukhoi-57's Targetting Pod 101KS-N Spotted |website=Global Defence Watch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203163824/https://globaldefencewatch.com/sukhoi-57s-targetting-pod-101ks-n-spotted/ |archive-date=3 December 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The 101KS-O is the first DIRCM that is deployed on any fighter aircraft.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rogoway |first1=Tyler |title=No, The Su-57 Isn't 'Junk:' Six Features We like on Russia's New Fighter |url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/20434/no-the-su-57-isnt-junk-six-features-we-like-on-russias-new-fighter |website=The Drive |date=30 April 2018}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* | {{Portal|United States|Electronics|Aviation}} | ||
* | * {{annotated link|AN/ALQ-144}} | ||
* | * {{annotated link|YILDIRIM 100}} | ||
* | * {{annotated link|Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System}} | ||
* {{annotated link|Common Infrared Countermeasures program}} | |||
* | * {{annotated link|Flight Guard}} | ||
* [[ | * {{annotated link|Missile approach warning system}} | ||
* [[List of military electronics of the United States]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/an-aaq-24.htm Global Security] | <!-- Removed the following citation as it is considered an unreliable source per [[WP:GLOBALSECURITY]]. Leaving the citation here in case someone can find a similar document from a reliable source. | ||
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100623063857/http://es.itt.com/microsite/2/index.html | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/laircm.htm|title=Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasures (LAIRCM)|publisher=GlobalSecurity.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011118050507/http://www.globalsecurity.org:80/military/systems/aircraft/systems/laircm.htm |archive-date=18 November 2001 |access-date=13 April 2020}}</ref> | ||
--> | |||
==External links== | |||
{{Commons category|AN/AAQ-24}} | |||
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/systems/an-aaq-24.htm Global Security – AN/AAQ-24] | |||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20100623063857/http://es.itt.com/microsite/2/index.html ITT – Infrared Countermeasures (IRCM)] | |||
{{Electronic warfare navbox}} | |||
[[Category:Infrared imaging]] | [[Category:Infrared imaging]] | ||
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[[Category:Military electronics of the United States]] | [[Category:Military electronics of the United States]] | ||
[[Category:Northrop Grumman]] | [[Category:Northrop Grumman]] | ||
[[Category:Electronic countermeasures]] | |||
[[Category:Electronic warfare]] | |||
Latest revision as of 07:11, 21 November 2025
Directional Infrared Counter Measures (DIRCM) are a class of anti-missile systems produced to protect aircraft from infrared homing missiles, primarily MANPADS and similar simple systems.
Earlier infrared countermeasures like flares or hot block systems that produce random flashes of IR light are semi- or omnidirectional. This results in the missile seeker receiving relatively little IR energy due to the inverse square law. DIRCM systems instead aim their IR output directly at the missile using some source of tracking information and a trainable emitter. This allows a relatively small device to overwhelm the missile seeker by focusing all of its output on it.
Examples are produced by many aerospace companies, such as Aselsan, Leonardo S.p.A., Elbit Systems, Northrop Grumman, ITT Corporation, and BAE Systems. A Russian example is the 101KS-O.
Method of operation[edit | edit source]
The systems use an effective method of jamming infrared missile seekers through the sensor aperture and can be placed in either active or standby mode. In the standby mode, the aircrew must select the active mode to begin jamming infrared (IR) threats. The pulsing flashes of IR energy confuse the missile guidance system, preventing the tracking of the target aircraft.[citation needed]
Systems[edit | edit source]
AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis[edit | edit source]
The AN/AAQ-24 system is a directional infrared countermeasure (DIRCM) system. It consists of a missile warning system (AN/AAR-54), an integration unit, a processor, and laser turrets (Small Laser Transmitter Assembly, SLTA). Early versions of this system used an arc lamp to generate the jammer signal. The newer versions of this system manufactured by Northrop Grumman use diode-based laser pumping systems known by the name GUARDIAN. These systems are intended for potential fitting to commercial carriers pending the completion of multiple tests on the viability of such options.[citation needed]
The AN/AAQ-24 system is installed in the Northrop Grumman Guardian system marketed for commercial aircraft.[1] The system will be installed by 2025[2] on C-17 Globemaster III, MC-130, CV-22 Osprey, and the CH-53E Super Stallion. In 2010, the US Defense Security Cooperation Agency announced to Congress a possible sale to Canada of eight AN/AAQ-24(V) DIRCMs including equipment and services for a total value of up to US$72 million.[3] Other material and services would include publications and technical documentation, personnel training and training equipment, U.S. Government (USG) and contractor engineering, technical and logistics support services.[3]
Large Aircraft Infrared Counter-Measure system (LAIRCM) was a US Military requirement for protecting its large aircraft from infrared-guided missiles. The AN/AAQ-24 Nemesis system was produced to serve this requirement.[citation needed]
LAIRCM-Lite is a C-17 program that uses a combination of laser jamming DIRCM and flares due to the limited availability of LAIRCM components.[citation needed]
101KS-O[edit | edit source]
The 101KS-O is a DIRCM system mounted on the Sukhoi Su-57 fighter jet. It has sensors that are placed in turrets, which are mounted on two points: the dorsal spine and the forward fuselage under the cockpit. It uses modulated laser-based countermeasures to confuse or destroy incoming missiles' tracking mechanisms.[4] The 101KS-O is the first DIRCM that is deployed on any fighter aircraft.[5]
See also[edit | edit source]
- AN/ALQ-144
- YILDIRIM 100
- Civil Aircraft Missile Protection System
- Common Infrared Countermeasures program
- Flight Guard
- Missile approach warning system
- List of military electronics of the United States
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "Northrop Grumman Completes Design of Commercial Aircraft Protection System". Northrop Grumman. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
- ↑ "Northrop Grumman receives $3.6 Billion contract for Large Aircraft Infrared Countermeasure systems". MilitaryLeak. 5 January 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Taylor, Charles; Ebner, Paul (15 September 2010). "Canada – AN/AAQ-24(V) Directional Infrared Countermeasure Systems" (Press release). Defense Security Cooperation Agency. Archived from the original on 28 March 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ↑ "Sukhoi-57's Targetting Pod 101KS-N Spotted". Global Defence Watch. Archived from the original on 3 December 2018.
- ↑ Rogoway, Tyler (30 April 2018). "No, The Su-57 Isn't 'Junk:' Six Features We like on Russia's New Fighter". The Drive.