No edit summary |
Refined content and updated sections |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
{{for|the rock-cut caves|Shivneri Caves}} | {{for|the rock-cut caves|Shivneri Caves}} | ||
{{Infobox military installation | {{Infobox military installation | ||
|name = Shivneri fort | | name = Shivneri fort | ||
|native_name = | | native_name = | ||
|partof = | | partof = | ||
|location = [[Junnar]], [[Pune District]], [[Maharashtra]] | | location = [[Junnar]], [[Pune District]], [[Maharashtra]] | ||
|image = [[ | | image = [[File:Shivneri_fort1.JPG|270px|Shivneri fort]] | ||
|caption = | | caption = | ||
|pushpin_mapsize = 270px | | pushpin_mapsize = 270px | ||
|pushpin_map_caption = Shivneri in Maharashtra | | pushpin_map_caption = Shivneri in Maharashtra | ||
|type = Fort | | type = Fort | ||
|coordinates = {{coord|19.1990|73.8595|type:landmark|display=inline}} | | coordinates = {{coord|19.1990|73.8595|type:landmark|display=inline}} | ||
|code = | | module = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | ||
|built = | |child = yes | ||
|builder = | |Part_of = [[Maratha Military Landscapes of India]] | ||
|materials = | |ID = 1739-002 | ||
|height = | |Year = 2025 | ||
|used = | |Criteria = Cultural: iv, vi | ||
|demolished = | }} | ||
|condition = | | code = | ||
|ownership = {{flagicon|India}} [[Government of India]] | | built = | ||
|open_to_public = Yes | | builder = | ||
|controlledby = [[ | | materials = | ||
|garrison = | | height = | ||
|current_commander = | | used = | ||
|commanders = | | demolished = | ||
|occupants = | | condition = | ||
|battles = | | ownership = {{flagicon|India}} [[Government of India]] | ||
|events = | | open_to_public = Yes | ||
| controlledby = [[Yadava dynasty]]<br />[[File:Delhi Sultanate Flag.svg|border|23x26px]] [[Delhi Sultanate]]<br />[[Bahmani Sultanate]]<br />[[File:Flag of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate.svg|23x26px]] [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] <br /> [[File:Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg|border|23x26px]] [[Maratha Kingdom]] <br />[[File:Flag Mughal Empire by bot.png|23x26px]] [[Mughal Empire]] <br />[[File:Flag of the British East India Company (1801).svg|23x26px]] [[Company rule in India|Company Raj]] (1820–1858)<br />{{flag|British Raj|name=Indian Empire}} (1858–1947)<br />{{flag|Dominion of India}} (1947–1950)<br />{{flag|Republic of India}} (1950–present) | |||
| garrison = | |||
| current_commander = | |||
| commanders = | |||
| occupants = | |||
| battles = | |||
| events = | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Shivneri Fort''' (Marathi pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[ʃiʋneɾiː]]]) is | '''Shivneri Fort''' (''known as Killa'') (Marathi pronunciation: [[Help:IPA/Marathi|[ʃiʋneɾiː]]]) is an ancient military [[fortification]] located near [[Junnar]] in [[Pune district]] in [[Maharashtra]], [[India]]. It is the birthplace of [[Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]], the founder of [[Maratha Kingdom]].<ref name="gun">{{cite book|last=Gunaji|first=Milind|title=Offbeat tracks in Maharashtra|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=2003|pages=69|isbn=81-7154-669-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JIjmDLardesC&q=shivneri+fort&pg=PA70|access-date=March 13, 2010}}</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
Shivneri got its name as it was under the possession of the [[Yadavas of Devagiri]]. This fort was mainly used to guard the old trading route from [[Desh, Maharashtra|Desh]] to the port city of [[Kalyan]]. The place passed on to the [[Bahmani Sultanate]] after the weakening of [[Delhi Sultanate]] during the 15th century and it then passed on to the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] in the 16th century. In 1595, a Maratha chief named [[Maloji Bhosale]], the grandfather of [[Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj]], was ennobled by the Ahmadnagar Sultan, [[Bahadur Nizam Shah]] and he gave him Shivneri and [[Chakan, Maharashtra|Chakan]]. Shivaji maharaj was born at the fort on 19 February 1630, and spent his childhood there. Inside the fort is a small temple dedicated to goddess Shivai Devi (some accounts gives us information that name shivaji came from the name of the fort i.e. Shivneri),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Travel |url=https://www.google.com.pk/travel/unsupported?utm_campaign=sharing&utm_medium=link&utm_source=htls&ts=CAEaBAoCGgAqBAoAGgA&ucpp=CqkBaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS5way90cmF2ZWwvZW50aXR5L2tleS9DaG9JeWZ1MnR1T0poOUhlQVJvTkwyY3ZNVEZuT1dzeWJHSnJiQkFFL292ZXJ2aWV3P3V0bV9jYW1wYWlnbj1zaGFyaW5nJnV0bV9tZWRpdW09bGluayZ1dG1fc291cmNlPWh0bHMmdHM9Q0FFYUJBb0NHZ0FxQkFvQUdnQQ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=www.google.com.pk}}</ref> after whom [[Shivaji]] was named. The English traveller Fraze visited the fort in 1673 and found it invincible. According to his accounts, the fort was well-stocked to feed thousand families for seven years. The fort came under the control of the [[British rule]] in 1819 after the [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]].{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} | |||
In 2021, it was added to | In 2021, it was added to the [[World Heritage Site#Nomination process|tentative list of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee]] as part of "Serial Nomination of Maratha Military Architecture in Maharashtra".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Serial Nomination of Maratha Military Architecture in Maharashtra|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6533/|access-date=2021-06-26|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}</ref> | ||
==Architecture== | ==Architecture== | ||
Shivneri Fort<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-04|title=The Shivneri Fort Must Place To Visit In 2020 Complete Guide|url=https://www.forttrek.com/the-shivneri-fort-complete-guide-to-visit-fort/|access-date=2020-09-20|website=Fort Trek|language=en}}</ref> is a hill fort having a triangular shape and has its entrance from the South-west side of the hill.<ref>Uncover the past- | Shivneri Fort<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-04|title=The Shivneri Fort Must Place To Visit In 2020 Complete Guide|url=https://www.forttrek.com/the-shivneri-fort-complete-guide-to-visit-fort/ |first1=Nelly-Nadia |last1=Nelson |access-date=2020-09-20|website=Fort Trek|language=en |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017110133/https://www.forttrek.com/the-shivneri-fort-complete-guide-to-visit-fort/ |archive-date= Oct 17, 2020 }}</ref> is a hill fort having a triangular shape and has its entrance from the South-west side of the hill.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Ashwin |date=Jun 24, 2019 |title=Shivneri Fort: Uncover the past |url=https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/uncover-the-past/articleshow/69918368.cms |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005141140/https://punemirror.indiatimes.com/entertainment/unwind/uncover-the-past/articleshow/69918368.cms |archive-date=Oct 5, 2021 |website=Pune Mirror}}</ref> Apart from the main gate there is an entrance to the fort from side called locally as ''the chain gate'', where in one has to hold chains to climb up to the fort gate. The fort extends up to {{convert|1|mile|km|abbr=on}} with seven spiral well-defended gates. There are mud walls all around the fort. Inside the fort, the major buildings are the prayer hall, a tomb and a mosque.<ref name=":0" /> There is an overhanging where executions took place.<ref name=Verma>{{cite book|title=Forts of India|last=Verma|first=Amrit|publisher=The Director, Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India|pages=93–95|location=New Delhi|isbn=81-230-1002-8}}</ref> There are many gates structures protecting this fort. Maha Darvaja is one of the many gates of the fort. Its also called the origin of Tune. | ||
At the centre of the fort is a water pond which is called 'Badami Talav', and to the south of this pond are statues of Jijabai and a young | At the centre of the fort is a water pond which is called 'Badami Talav', and to the south of this pond are statues of [[Rajmata Jijabai]] and a young Shivaji raje. In the fort there are two water springs, called [[Ganges|Ganga]] and [[Yamuna]], which have water throughout the year. Two kilometers away from this fort there are the Buddhist rock-cut caves, called [[Lenyadri]] caves, which is also one of [[Ashtavinayak]] temple in Maharashtra. It has been declared as a protected monument.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asimumbaicircle.com/images/list-of-protected-monuments-n-forts.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606093840/http://www.asimumbaicircle.com/images/list-of-protected-monuments-n-forts.pdf |url-status=usurped |archive-date=June 6, 2013 |title=List of the protected monuments of Mumbai Circle district-wise|access-date=4 July 2015}} | ||
</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-10|title=Lenyadri Group of Caves, Junnar - Ticketed Monument - Archaeological Survey of India|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_junnarcaves.asp|access-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410125940/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_junnarcaves.asp|archive-date=2009-04-10}}</ref> | </ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2009-04-10|title=Lenyadri Group of Caves, Junnar - Ticketed Monument - Archaeological Survey of India|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_junnarcaves.asp|access-date=2021-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410125940/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_junnarcaves.asp|archive-date=2009-04-10}}</ref> | ||
==Access== | ==Access== | ||
The nearest town [[Junnar]] is a taluka place and is well connected by road. Junnar is about 90 km from [[Pune]]. The fort is at about 2–3 km from the junnar town. It is easy to reach the fort top via main entrance, | The nearest town [[Junnar]] is a taluka place and is well connected by road. Junnar is about 90 km from [[Pune]]. The fort is at about 2–3 km from the junnar town. It is easy to reach the fort top via main entrance; however, the trekkers with proper climbing equipment can try the chain route which is located on the western scarp of the fort. From the top of the fort, [[Narayangad]], [[Hadsar]], [[Chavand, Maharashtra|Chavand]] and Nimgiri forts can easily be seen. | ||
<gallery widths="200px" heights="150px" perrow="4"> | |||
Image:MainEntranceGate.jpg|Entrance Gate | |||
File:Shivneri pic2.jpg|Stairs Leading to Shivneri Fort | |||
File:Shivneri.pic.jpg|Mandir at Shivneri Fort | |||
File:Shivneripic5.jpg|Sideview of Shivneri Fort | |||
</gallery> | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| Line 57: | Line 68: | ||
==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
* Dr. Lahu Kacharu Shivnerichi Jeevangatha, The life-story of fort shivneri, Sanay prakashan, Narayngaon, January 2015. p. 225. | * Dr. Lahu Kacharu Shivnerichi Jeevangatha, The life-story of fort shivneri, Sanay prakashan, Narayngaon, January 2015. p. 225. | ||
* [https://www.fortfacts.com/en/shivneri-fort-birthplace-of/ Shivneri Fort - Birthplace of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj] for detailed information | |||
{{Forts in India}} | {{Forts in India}} | ||
{{commons category|Shivneri}} | {{commons category|Shivneri Fort}} | ||
* [http://www.junnartourism.com Junnar Tourism's official website] | * [http://www.junnartourism.com Junnar Tourism's official website] | ||
* [http://www.hachikotourism.in Parashar Agritourism website] | * [http://www.hachikotourism.in Parashar Agritourism website] | ||
| Line 68: | Line 80: | ||
[[Category:Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire]] | [[Category:Buildings and structures of the Maratha Empire]] | ||
[[Category:Forts in Pune district]] | [[Category:Forts in Pune district]] | ||
[[Category:Monuments of National Importance in Maharashtra]] | |||
[[Category:Maratha Military Landscapes of India]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:26, 11 July 2025
| Shivneri fort | |
|---|---|
| Junnar, Pune District, Maharashtra | |
 | |
| Coordinates | 19°11′56″N 73°51′34″E / 19.1990°N 73.8595°E |
| Type | Fort |
| Site information | |
| Owner |  Government of India |
| Controlled by | Yadava dynasty Delhi SultanateBahmani Sultanate  Ahmadnagar Sultanate  Maratha Kingdom  Mughal Empire .svg){kind=small} Company Raj (1820–1858) Indian Empire (1858–1947) Dominion of India (1947–1950)Template:Country data Republic of India (1950–present) |
| Open to the public | Yes |
| Part of | Maratha Military Landscapes of India |
| Criteria | Cultural: iv, vi |
| Reference | 1739-002 |
| Inscription | 2025 (49th session) |
Shivneri Fort (known as Killa) (Marathi pronunciation: [ʃiʋneɾiː]) is an ancient military fortification located near Junnar in Pune district in Maharashtra, India. It is the birthplace of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of Maratha Kingdom.[1]
History[edit | edit source]
Shivneri got its name as it was under the possession of the Yadavas of Devagiri. This fort was mainly used to guard the old trading route from Desh to the port city of Kalyan. The place passed on to the Bahmani Sultanate after the weakening of Delhi Sultanate during the 15th century and it then passed on to the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in the 16th century. In 1595, a Maratha chief named Maloji Bhosale, the grandfather of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, was ennobled by the Ahmadnagar Sultan, Bahadur Nizam Shah and he gave him Shivneri and Chakan. Shivaji maharaj was born at the fort on 19 February 1630, and spent his childhood there. Inside the fort is a small temple dedicated to goddess Shivai Devi (some accounts gives us information that name shivaji came from the name of the fort i.e. Shivneri),[2] after whom Shivaji was named. The English traveller Fraze visited the fort in 1673 and found it invincible. According to his accounts, the fort was well-stocked to feed thousand families for seven years. The fort came under the control of the British rule in 1819 after the Third Anglo-Maratha War.[citation needed]
In 2021, it was added to the tentative list of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee as part of "Serial Nomination of Maratha Military Architecture in Maharashtra".[3]
Architecture[edit | edit source]
Shivneri Fort[4] is a hill fort having a triangular shape and has its entrance from the South-west side of the hill.[5] Apart from the main gate there is an entrance to the fort from side called locally as the chain gate, where in one has to hold chains to climb up to the fort gate. The fort extends up to 1 mi (1.6 km) with seven spiral well-defended gates. There are mud walls all around the fort. Inside the fort, the major buildings are the prayer hall, a tomb and a mosque.[3] There is an overhanging where executions took place.[6] There are many gates structures protecting this fort. Maha Darvaja is one of the many gates of the fort. Its also called the origin of Tune.
At the centre of the fort is a water pond which is called 'Badami Talav', and to the south of this pond are statues of Rajmata Jijabai and a young Shivaji raje. In the fort there are two water springs, called Ganga and Yamuna, which have water throughout the year. Two kilometers away from this fort there are the Buddhist rock-cut caves, called Lenyadri caves, which is also one of Ashtavinayak temple in Maharashtra. It has been declared as a protected monument.[7][8]
Access[edit | edit source]
The nearest town Junnar is a taluka place and is well connected by road. Junnar is about 90 km from Pune. The fort is at about 2–3 km from the junnar town. It is easy to reach the fort top via main entrance; however, the trekkers with proper climbing equipment can try the chain route which is located on the western scarp of the fort. From the top of the fort, Narayangad, Hadsar, Chavand and Nimgiri forts can easily be seen.
-
Entrance Gate -
Stairs Leading to Shivneri Fort -
Mandir at Shivneri Fort -
Sideview of Shivneri Fort
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Gunaji, Milind (2003). Offbeat tracks in Maharashtra. Popular Prakashan. p. 69. ISBN 81-7154-669-2. Retrieved March 13, 2010.
- ↑ "Google Travel". www.google.com.pk. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Serial Nomination of Maratha Military Architecture in Maharashtra". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 2021-06-26.
- ↑ Nelson, Nelly-Nadia (2020-09-04). "The Shivneri Fort Must Place To Visit In 2020 Complete Guide". Fort Trek. Archived from the original on Oct 17, 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
- ↑ Khan, Ashwin (Jun 24, 2019). "Shivneri Fort: Uncover the past". Pune Mirror. Archived from the original on Oct 5, 2021.
- ↑ Verma, Amrit. Forts of India. New Delhi: The Director, Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. pp. 93–95. ISBN 81-230-1002-8.
- ↑ "List of the protected monuments of Mumbai Circle district-wise" (PDF). Archived from the original on June 6, 2013. Retrieved 4 July 2015.
- ↑ "Lenyadri Group of Caves, Junnar - Ticketed Monument - Archaeological Survey of India". 2009-04-10. Archived from the original on 2009-04-10. Retrieved 2021-02-14.
Further reading[edit | edit source]
- Dr. Lahu Kacharu Shivnerichi Jeevangatha, The life-story of fort shivneri, Sanay prakashan, Narayngaon, January 2015. p. 225.
- Shivneri Fort - Birthplace of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj for detailed information