Bots, trusted
7,437
edits
Cleanup: Information added.
(robot: Create/update articles. If there is a mistake please report on my talk page.) |
WikiDwarfBOT (talk | contribs) (Cleanup: Information added.) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|12th-century fort in Maharashtra, India}} | {{Short description|12th-century fort in Maharashtra, India}} | ||
{{redirect2|Devagiri|Deogiri| | {{redirect2|Devagiri|Deogiri|other uses|Devagiri (disambiguation)|and|Deogiri College, Aurangabad}} | ||
| | |||
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}} | ||
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | {{Use Indian English|date=April 2017}} | ||
{{Infobox building | {{Infobox building | ||
| name = | | name = Deogiri Fort | ||
| native_name = | | native_name = देवगिरी किल्ला | ||
| image = Daulatabad Fort a view.JPG | | image = Daulatabad Fort a view.JPG | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| location_country = India | | location_country = India | ||
| map_type = India Maharashtra | | map_type = India#India Maharashtra | ||
| relief = yes | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|19.942724|N|75.213164|E|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|19.942724|N|75.213164|E|display=inline,title}} | ||
| completion_date = 1600s | | completion_date = 1600s | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Daulatabad | '''Daulatabad''' '''Fort''', is a historic fortified citadel located in Daulatabad village near [[Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar|Aurangabad]], [[Maharashtra]], India. It was the capital of the [[Seuna (Yadava) dynasty|Yadava dynasty]] (9th century–14th century CE), for a brief time the capital of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] (1327–1334), and later a secondary capital of the [[Ahmadnagar Sultanate]] (1499–1636).<ref name="Sohoni">{{cite book|last1=Sohoni|first1=Pushkar|author-link=Pushkar Sohoni|title= Chatrapati sambhaji nagar with Daulatabad, Khultabad and Ahmadnagar|date=2015|publisher=Jaico Publishing House; Deccan Heritage Foundation|location=Mumbai; London|isbn=9788184957020}}</ref><ref name="Fort">{{cite news|url= http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/Forts.aspx?strpage=DevagiriDaulatabadFort.html|title= Devagiri-Daulatabad Fort|work=[[Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation]]|language=en|location=[[Maharashtra]], India|access-date=23 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702170319/http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/TouristDelight/Forts/Forts.aspx?strpage=DevagiriDaulatabadFort.html|archive-date=2 July 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url= http://m.aajtak.in/story.jsp?sid=706050|title= मध्यकालीन भारत में सबसे ताकतवर था दौलताबाद किला|work=[[Aaj Tak]]|trans-title=Madhyakālīn Bhārat Mēṁ Sabsē Tākatavar Thā Daulatābād Kilā|location=India|language=hi|date=22 August 2012|access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.majhapaper.com/2012/09/09/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6/|title= देवगिरी |trans-title=Dēvagirī - Daulatābād|language=mr|location=[[Maharashtra]]|date=9 September 2012|access-date=16 November 2018|website=www.majhapaper.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=India through the ages|last=Gopal|first=Madan|year= 1990| page= 174|editor=K.S. Gautam|publisher=Publication Division, [[Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)|Ministry of Information and Broadcasting]], [[Government of India]]|asin=B003DXXMC4}}</ref> | ||
Around the 6th century CE, | Around the 6th century CE, Daulatabad emerged as an important uplands town near present-day Aurangabad Maharashtra, along caravan routes going towards western and southern India.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://maharashtratimes.indiatimes.com/maharashtra/aurangabad-marathwada/hot-baloon-safari/articleshow/47409289.cms|title= ऑक्टोबरपासून हॉट बलून सफारी|trans-title=Octoberpāsūn Hot Balloon Safari|language=mr|date= 25 May 2015|access-date=5 June 2015|work=[[Maharashtra Times]]|location=[[Khuldabad|Khultabad]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.timesofindia.com/city/pune/Virtual-walks-through-tourist-spots-may-be-a-reality/articleshow/46649077.cms|title=Virtual walks through tourist spots may be a reality|last=Neha Madaan|location=[[Pune]]|work=[[The Times of India]]|date=22 March 2015|access-date=16 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/Mumbai/2123/MAH-MUM-cst-ajanta-daulatabad-lonar-become-seven-wonders-of-maharashtra-4423883-PHO.html?pg=3|title=રાજ્યના 'સેવન વંડર્સ'માં અજંતા, સીએસટી, દૌલતાબાદ, લોનાર |work=[[Divya Bhaskar]]|trans-title=Rājyanā 'Seven Wonders'māṁ Ajantā, Sī'ēsaṭī, Daulatābād, Lōnār|location=India|language=gu|date=November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518073745/http://m.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/Mumbai/2123/MAH-MUM-cst-ajanta-daulatabad-lonar-become-seven-wonders-of-maharashtra-4423883-PHO.html?pg=3|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://m.divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/Aurangabad/5528/MAH-MAR-AUR-dauilatabad-fort-clean-by-actors-4810455-NOR.html|title= स्वरध्यास फाउंडेशनच्या कलावंतांनी स्वच्छ केला दौलताबाद किल्ला|trans-title=Svaradhyās Foundationcyā Kalāvantānnī Svacch Kēlā Daulatābād Killā|location=[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra|Aurangabad]]|work=[[Divya Marathi]]|date= 18 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613223722/http://m.divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/Aurangabad/5528/MAH-MAR-AUR-dauilatabad-fort-clean-by-actors-4810455-NOR.html|archive-date=13 June 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref> The historical triangular fortress in the city was initially built around 1187 by the first Yadava king, [[Bhillama V]].<ref name="kaurbajwa">{{cite book|last1=Bajwa|first1=Jagir Singh|last2=Kaur|first2=Ravinder|title=Tourism Management|date=2007|publisher=APH Publishing|isbn=9788131300473|page=249|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TVXCiwdwPxsC&q=devgiri+yadav&pg=PA249|access-date=3 July 2016|language=en}}</ref> In 1308, the city was [[Alauddin Khalji's conquest of Devagiri|annexed]] by | ||
[[Alauddin Khalji]] of the Delhi Sultanate, which ruled over most of the [[Indian subcontinent]]. In 1327, [[Muhammad bin Tughluq]] of the Delhi Sultanate Named the city Daulatabad and shifted his imperial capital to the city from [[Delhi]], ordering a mass migration of Delhi's population to Daulatabad. However, Muhammad bin Tughluq reversed his decision in 1334 and the capital of the Delhi Sultanate was shifted back to Delhi.<ref>{{cite news|last=Raj Goswami|url=http://bombaysamachar.com/frmStoryShow.aspx?sNo=22278|title=UID યુનિક ઈન્ડિયન ડોન્કી!|trans-title=UID Unique Indian Delhi |language=gu|location=India|work=[[Bombay Samachar|Mumbai Samachar]]|date=May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090322/http://bombaysamachar.com/frmStoryShow.aspx?sNo=22278|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref> | |||
In 1499, Daulatabad became a part of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, who used it as their secondary capital. In 1610, near Daulatabad Fort, the new city of Aurangabad, then named Khadki, was established to serve as the capital of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate by the [[Ethiopia]]n military leader [[Malik Ambar]], who was brought to India as a slave but rose to become a popular Prime Minister of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. Most of the present-day fortifications at Daulatabad Fort were constructed under the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. | In 1499, Daulatabad became a part of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate, who used it as their secondary capital. In 1610, near Daulatabad Fort, the new city of Aurangabad, then named Khadki, was established to serve as the capital of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate by the [[Ethiopia]]n military leader [[Malik Ambar]], who was brought to India as a slave but rose to become a popular Prime Minister of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. Most of the present-day fortifications at Daulatabad Fort were constructed under the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. | ||
==Historical origin== | ==Historical origin== | ||
[[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] is believed to have stayed on the hills surrounding this region. Hence the fort was originally known as Devagiri, literally "hills of god".<ref>{{cite news|url= http://m.divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/Aurangabad/5528/MAH-MAR-AUR-devgiri-fort-story-2853466.html|last= Vidya Shrinivas Dhoot|location=[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]|title= देवगिरी किल्ल्याच्या बुरुजावरून..|trans-title= Dēvagirī Killyācyā Burujāvarūn..|language=mr|date=February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103931/http://m.divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/Aurangabad/5528/MAH-MAR-AUR-devgiri-fort-story-2853466.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=23 July 2019|work=[[Divya Marathi]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://prahaar.in/feature/bhannat/173468|last=Dayanand Pingale|title= अद्भुत देवगिरी|trans-title=Adbhut Dēvagirī|language=mr|work=[[Prahaar (newspaper)|Prahaar]]|location=[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]|date=11 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033507/http://prahaar.in/feature/bhannat/173468|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref> | In Hindu mythology, [[Shiva|Lord Shiva]] is believed to have stayed on the hills surrounding this region. Hence the fort was originally known as Devagiri, literally "hills of god".<ref>{{cite news|url= http://m.divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/Aurangabad/5528/MAH-MAR-AUR-devgiri-fort-story-2853466.html|last= Vidya Shrinivas Dhoot|location=[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]|title= देवगिरी किल्ल्याच्या बुरुजावरून..|trans-title= Dēvagirī Killyācyā Burujāvarūn..|language=mr|date=February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103931/http://m.divyamarathi.bhaskar.com/news/Aurangabad/5528/MAH-MAR-AUR-devgiri-fort-story-2853466.html|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=23 July 2019|work=[[Divya Marathi]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://prahaar.in/feature/bhannat/173468|last=Dayanand Pingale|title= अद्भुत देवगिरी|trans-title=Adbhut Dēvagirī|language=mr|work=[[Prahaar (newspaper)|Prahaar]]|location=[[Aurangabad, Maharashtra]]|date=11 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305033507/http://prahaar.in/feature/bhannat/173468|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=dead|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref> | ||
==The Fort== | ==The Fort== | ||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
==The City== | ==The City== | ||
Daulatabad (19°57’N 75°15’E) is located at a distance of 16 km northwest of Aurangabad, the district headquarters and midway to Ellora group of caves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_daulatbadfort.asp|title=Ticketed Monuments - Maharashtra Daulatabad Fort|work=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]|language=en|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref> | Daulatabad (19°57’N 75°15’E) is located at a distance of 16 km northwest of Aurangabad , the district headquarters and midway to Ellora group of caves.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_maha_daulatbadfort.asp|title=Ticketed Monuments - Maharashtra Daulatabad Fort|work=[[Archaeological Survey of India]]|language=en|access-date=23 July 2019}}</ref> | ||
The original widespread capital city is now mostly unoccupied and has been reduced to a village. Much of its survival depends on the tourists to the old city and the adjacent fort. | The original widespread capital city is now mostly unoccupied and has been reduced to a village. Much of its survival depends on the tourists to the old city and the adjacent fort. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
[[File:The siege of Daulatabad (April-June 1633).jpg|thumb|The [[Mughal Army]] captures | [[File:Region of the Yadavas, with the city of Diogil (Deogil. Dwaigir. Daulatabad) in the Catalan Atlas (1375).jpg|thumb|upright=2|Western coast of India, with the traditional Yadava capital of ''Diogil'' ("Deogiri", or [[Devagiri]] [[File:Diogil_(Deogil._Dwaigir._Daulatabad)_in_the_Catalan_Atlas_(1375).jpg|15px]]) at the center, in the [[Catalan Atlas]] (1375). On top of the city of ''Diogil'' floats a peculiar flag ([[File:Flag of Diogil, Catalan Atlas 1375.png|20px]]), while coastal cities are under the black flag of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] ([[File:Sultan of Delhi Flag according to the Catalan Atlas (1375).png|20px]]).<ref>{{cite book |title=Antiquities from San Thomé and Mylapore |date=1936 |pages=264–265 |url=https://archive.org/details/AntiquitiesFromSanThomeAndMylaporeHenriHosten1936/page/n319/mode/2up?q=diogil}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kadoi |first1=Yuka |title=On the Timurid flag |journal=Beiträge zur islamischen Kunst und Archäologie |date=2010 |volume=2 |page=148 |url=https://www.academia.edu/17410816|quote="...helps identify another curious flag found in northern India – a brown or originally silver flag with a vertical black line – as the flag of the Delhi Sultanate (602-962/1206-1555)."}}</ref> Devagiri was ultimately captured by [[‘Alā ud-Dīn Khaljī]] in 1307.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Beaujard |first1=Philippe |title=The worlds of the Indian Ocean : a global history : a revised and updated translation |date=2019 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-108-42456-1 |page=Chapter 8 |url=978-1108424653|quote="The sultan captured the Rajput fort of Chitor, in Rājasthān, and in 1310 he subjected most of the Deccan to his power. He took Devagiri – the capital of the Yādava – in 1307"}}</ref> The trading ship raises the flag of the [[Ilkhanate]] ([[File:Flag_of_the_Ilkhanate.svg|20px]]).]] | ||
[[File:The siege of Daulatabad (April-June 1633).jpg|thumb|The [[Mughal Army]] captures Daulatabad Fort.]] | |||
[[File:Shah Jahan watches the assault on Daulatabad Fort in 1633.jpg|thumb|Capture of Devagiri Fort in 1633.]] | [[File:Shah Jahan watches the assault on Daulatabad Fort in 1633.jpg|thumb|Capture of Devagiri Fort in 1633.]] | ||
The site had been occupied since at least 100 BC, and now has remains of Hindu & Jain temples similar to those at [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]] and [[Ellora]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gopal|first=Balakrishnan Raja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xU5uAAAAMAAJ|title=The Rashtrakutas of Malkhed: Studies in the History and Culture|date=1994|publisher=Mythic Society, Bangalore by Geetha Book House|language=en}}</ref> A series of niches carved with [[Jainism|Jain]] Tirthankara in cave 32.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Limited|first=Eicher Goodearth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lu5jGGQ8fJkC&q=Daulatabad+Fort+jain&pg=PA141|title=Speaking Stones: World Cultural Heritage Sites in India|date=2001|publisher=Eicher Goodearth Limited|isbn=978-81-87780-00-7|language=en}}</ref> | The site had been occupied since at least 100 BC, and now has remains of Hindu & Jain temples similar to those at [[Ajanta Caves|Ajanta]] and [[Ellora]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gopal|first=Balakrishnan Raja|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xU5uAAAAMAAJ|title=The Rashtrakutas of Malkhed: Studies in the History and Culture|date=1994|publisher=Mythic Society, Bangalore by Geetha Book House|language=en}}</ref> A series of niches carved with [[Jainism|Jain]] Tirthankara in cave 32.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Limited|first=Eicher Goodearth|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lu5jGGQ8fJkC&q=Daulatabad+Fort+jain&pg=PA141|title=Speaking Stones: World Cultural Heritage Sites in India|date=2001|publisher=Eicher Goodearth Limited|isbn=978-81-87780-00-7|language=en}}</ref> | ||
| Line 67: | Line 68: | ||
The outer wall, {{convert|2.75|mi|km}} in circumference, once enclosed the ancient city of Devagiri and between this and the base of the upper fort are three lines of defenses. | The outer wall, {{convert|2.75|mi|km}} in circumference, once enclosed the ancient city of Devagiri and between this and the base of the upper fort are three lines of defenses. | ||
Along with the fortifications, Daulatabad contains several notable monuments, of which the chief are the Chand Minar and the Chini Mahal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prabhasakshi.com/ShowArticle.aspx?ArticleId=120522-111547-290010|date=22 May 2012|access-date=23 July 2019|location=[[New Delhi]]|title=अभेद्य थी | Along with the fortifications, Daulatabad contains several notable monuments, of which the chief are the Chand Minar and the Chini Mahal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prabhasakshi.com/ShowArticle.aspx?ArticleId=120522-111547-290010|date=22 May 2012|access-date=23 July 2019|location=[[New Delhi]]|title=अभेद्य थी देवगिरी किले की सुरक्षा|trans-title=Abhēdya Thī Daulatābād Kilē Kī Surakṣā|language=mr|work=www.prabhasakshi.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065726/http://www.prabhasakshi.com/ShowArticle.aspx?ArticleId=120522-111547-290010|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Chand Minar]] is a tower {{convert|210|ft|m|abbr=on}}. high and {{convert|70|ft|m|abbr=on}}. in circumference at the base, and was originally covered with beautiful [[Persian Empire|Persian]] glazed tiles. It was erected in 1445 by Ala-ud-din [[Bahmani]] to commemorate his capture of the fort. The Chini Mahal (literally: China Palace), is the ruin of a building once of great beauty. In it, Abul Hasan [[Tana Shah]], the last of the [[Qutb Shahi]] kings of [[Golconda]], was imprisoned by [[Aurangzeb]] in 1687.<ref name="Dulari_2004"/> | ||
==Transport== | ==Transport== | ||
| Line 109: | Line 110: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/daulatab-eng.htm Daulatabad at the Islamic Monuments of India Photographic Database] | *[http://www.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~islamarc/WebPage1/htm_eng/daulatab-eng.htm Daulatabad at the Islamic Monuments of India Photographic Database] | ||
*[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030817/spectrum/travel.htm www.tribuneindia.com] | *[http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030817/spectrum/travel.htm www.tribuneindia.com] | ||
*[https://www.newblogger.in/2021/01/Devgiri-daulatabad-fort-information-history-in-hindi.html Devgiri/d] | *[https://www.newblogger.in/2021/01/Devgiri-daulatabad-fort-information-history-in-hindi.html Devgiri/d] | ||
* [https://www.newblogger.in/2021/01/Devgiri-daulatabad-fort-information-history-in-hindi.html aulatabad fort information in Hindi] | * [https://www.newblogger.in/2021/01/Devgiri-daulatabad-fort-information-history-in-hindi.html aulatabad fort information in Hindi] | ||
* A painting of the fort by William Purser, engraved by R Sands, as an illustration to {{ws|[[s:Letitia Elizabeth Landon (L. E. L.) in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, 1834/The Zenana|The Zenana]]}}, a poem by [[Letitia Elizabeth Landon]]. | |||
{{Aurangabad district, Maharashtra topics}} | {{Aurangabad district, Maharashtra topics}} | ||