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{{Short description|1947 talks to address the Kashmir conflict}} | |||
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| date_expiry = <!-- {{End date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | | date_expiry = <!-- {{End date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | ||
| mediators = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | | mediators = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | ||
| negotiators =[[ | | negotiators =[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]<br><small>([[Governor-General of Pakistan]])</small><br>[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]]<br><small>([[Governor-General of India]])</small> | ||
| signatories = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | | signatories = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | ||
| parties ={{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]<br>{{flagicon|India}} [[Dominion of India|India]] | | parties ={{flagicon|Pakistan}} [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]<br>{{flagicon|India}} [[Dominion of India|India]] | ||
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}} | }} | ||
The '''Jinnah–Mountbatten | The '''Jinnah–Mountbatten talks''' were [[Bilateral contract|bilateral talks]] held in [[Lahore]] between the Governors-General [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] and [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]] of Pakistan and India, to address the [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir dispute]]. The talks were held on 1 November 1947, five days after India dispatched its troops to defend the princely state of Kashmir(which was a Muslim majority state recently acceded to India) against a [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|tribal invasion]]. In the talks, Mountbatten presented India's offer to hold an impartial [[plebiscite]] under the United Nations auspices to decide the accession of Kashmir. Jinnah effectively rejected the offer unless there was a full withdrawal of the Indian forces{{sfn|Moore, Making the new Commonwealth|1987|p=57}}{{sfn|Noorani, The Kashmir Dispute|2014|pp=13–14}}{{sfn|Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India|2010|p=111}} | ||
== Background == | == Background == | ||
Officially, the talks were to be held between the | Officially, the talks were to be held between the Governors-General and Prime Ministers of [[India and Pakistan]] at the state level, focused on the Kashmir dispute in November 1947.<ref name="Allied Publ.">{{cite book|last=Ghose|first=Sankar|title=Jawaharlal Nehru : a biography|year=1993|publisher=Allied Publ.|location=New Delhi [u.a.]|isbn=8170233690|edition=1. publ.}}</ref> The [[British government]] originally facilitated the negotiations in New Delhi, but the venue of the meeting was changed to [[Lahore]]. Before the negotiations started, Prime Minister [[Jawaharlal Nehru|Nehru]] fell ill and his [[Deputy Prime Minister of India|Deputy PM]], [[Vallabhbhai Patel]], refused to come to Lahore, stating "there was nothing to discuss with Pakistan's leadership."<ref name="Orient Longman">{{cite book|last=Singh|first=Iqbal|title=Between two fires : towards an understanding of Jawaharlal Nehru's foreign policy|year=1992|publisher=Orient Longman|location=Hyderabad|isbn=812501585X|edition=1st publ.|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/betweentwofiresv00iqba}}</ref> | ||
== Talks == | == Talks == | ||
On 1 November 1947, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]] left for [[Pakistan]] to begin talks between the | On 1 November 1947, [[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Louis Mountbatten]] left for [[Pakistan]] to begin talks between the Governors-General of India and Pakistan over the issue of [[Kashmir]].<ref name="Lancer Publishers & Distributors">{{cite book|last=Bhandari|first=M.C.|title=Solving Kashmir|page=149|year=2006|publisher=Lancer Publishers & Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=8170621259}}</ref> The talks lasted for three-and-a-half hours, where Mountbatten offered to Jinnah that India would hold a [[Plebiscite in Kashmir|plebiscite]] in the state of [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], provided that Pakistan withdrew its [[Pakistan Armed Forces|military]] support for the [[Azad Kashmir Regiment|Azad Kashmir forces]] and their allies.<ref name="A.P.H. Publ. Co.">{{cite book|last=Chitkara|first=M. G.|title=Kashmir : LoC|year=2003|publisher=A.P.H. Publ. Co.|location=New Delhi|isbn=8176484415}}</ref> Mountbatten also stipulated that the [[Indian Army]] would remain in the [[Kashmir Valley]]. Jinnah opposed the plan and claimed that the Kashmir, with its massive Muslim majority, belonged to Pakistan as an essential element in an incomplete partition process.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} | ||
== Analysis == | == Analysis == | ||
From the perspective of many authors, Jinnah was also convinced that a plebiscite under the supervision of the Indian Army would be sabotaged. Instead, he proposed an immediate and simultaneous withdrawal on both sides, including the Pakistani military and their allies, [[Pashtun tribes|Pathan tribesmen]], and the Indian troops.<ref name=Hurst>{{cite book|last=Bajwa|first=Farooq|title=From Kutch to Tashkent : the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965|year=2013|publisher=Hurst|location=London, England|isbn= | From the perspective of many authors, Jinnah was also convinced that a plebiscite under the supervision of the Indian Army would be sabotaged. Instead, he proposed an immediate and simultaneous withdrawal on both sides, including the Pakistani military and their allies, [[Pashtun tribes|Pathan tribesmen]], and the Indian troops.<ref name=Hurst>{{cite book|last=Bajwa|first=Farooq|title=From Kutch to Tashkent : the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965|year=2013|publisher=Hurst|location=London, England|isbn=978-1849042307|edition=1. publ.}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=July 2017}} Hearing the proposal, Mountbatten told Jinnah that he needed the consent of Nehru and Patel.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} The talks failed to reach agreement and the Kashmir issue was [[UN mediation of the Kashmir dispute|referred to the United Nations]].<ref name=Behuria>{{citation |last=Behuria |first=Ashok |chapter=India–Pakistan relations and the Kashmir issue (1947–2009): A historical perspective |editor1=Sagarika Dutt |editor2=Alok Bansal |title=South Asian Security: 21st Century Discourses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sTQ48I6UvkcC&pg=PR8 |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-61767-6 |pages=65–82 |ref={{sfnref|Behuria, India–Pakistan relations and the Kashmir issue|2013}}}}</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* {{cite web|last=staff writers, el. al.|title=Jinnah – Mountbatten Talks|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/jinnah-mountbatten-talks/|work | * {{cite web|last=staff writers, el. al.|title=Jinnah – Mountbatten Talks|url=http://storyofpakistan.com/jinnah-mountbatten-talks/|work=Story of Pakistan, Nazaria-e-Pakistan Trust|access-date=21 March 2014|date=1 June 2003}} | ||
* {{cite web|title=Jinnah and Kashmir|url=http://www.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66&Itemid=22&limitstart=1|work | * {{cite web|title=Jinnah and Kashmir|url=http://www.ajk.gov.pk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=66&Itemid=22&limitstart=1|work=AJK Government|access-date=21 March 2014|display-authors=etal}} | ||
* {{cite web|last=Zargar|first=Abdul Majid|title=Jinnah-Mountbatten Talks on Kashmir|url=http://www.countercurrents.org/zargar210513.htm|work | * {{cite web|last=Zargar|first=Abdul Majid|title=Jinnah-Mountbatten Talks on Kashmir|url=http://www.countercurrents.org/zargar210513.htm|work=Current events|access-date=21 March 2014}} | ||
{{Kashmir conflict}} | {{Kashmir conflict}} | ||
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Jinnah-Mountbatten Talks}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Jinnah-Mountbatten Talks}} | ||
[[Category:1947 in politics]] | [[Category:1947 in politics]] | ||
[[Category:1947 in India]] | [[Category:1947 in India]] | ||
[[Category:1947 in Pakistan]] | [[Category:1947 in Pakistan]] | ||
[[Category:1947 in international relations]] | [[Category:1947 in international relations]] | ||
[[Category:1947 conferences]] | |||
[[Category:November 1947 in Asia]] | |||
[[Category:Diplomatic conferences in Pakistan]] | |||
[[Category:India–Pakistan relations]] | |||
[[Category:Government of Liaquat Ali Khan]] | |||
[[Category:History of the foreign relations of Pakistan]] | [[Category:History of the foreign relations of Pakistan]] | ||
[[Category:Diplomacy regarding the Kashmir conflict]] | [[Category:Diplomacy regarding the Kashmir conflict]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Lord Mountbatten]] | ||
[[Category:Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] | |||
Latest revision as of 22:25, 8 February 2025
 Jinnah with the Mountbattens, circa. 1947 | |
| Context | Pertaining to resolve the Kashmir conflict |
|---|---|
| Sealed | 1 November 1947 |
| Negotiators | Muhammad Ali Jinnah (Governor-General of Pakistan) Louis Mountbatten (Governor-General of India) |
| Parties |  Pakistan India |
| Language | English |
The Jinnah–Mountbatten talks were bilateral talks held in Lahore between the Governors-General Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Louis Mountbatten of Pakistan and India, to address the Kashmir dispute. The talks were held on 1 November 1947, five days after India dispatched its troops to defend the princely state of Kashmir(which was a Muslim majority state recently acceded to India) against a tribal invasion. In the talks, Mountbatten presented India's offer to hold an impartial plebiscite under the United Nations auspices to decide the accession of Kashmir. Jinnah effectively rejected the offer unless there was a full withdrawal of the Indian forces[1][2][3]
Background[edit | edit source]
Officially, the talks were to be held between the Governors-General and Prime Ministers of India and Pakistan at the state level, focused on the Kashmir dispute in November 1947.[4] The British government originally facilitated the negotiations in New Delhi, but the venue of the meeting was changed to Lahore. Before the negotiations started, Prime Minister Nehru fell ill and his Deputy PM, Vallabhbhai Patel, refused to come to Lahore, stating "there was nothing to discuss with Pakistan's leadership."[5]
Talks[edit | edit source]
On 1 November 1947, Louis Mountbatten left for Pakistan to begin talks between the Governors-General of India and Pakistan over the issue of Kashmir.[6] The talks lasted for three-and-a-half hours, where Mountbatten offered to Jinnah that India would hold a plebiscite in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, provided that Pakistan withdrew its military support for the Azad Kashmir forces and their allies.[7] Mountbatten also stipulated that the Indian Army would remain in the Kashmir Valley. Jinnah opposed the plan and claimed that the Kashmir, with its massive Muslim majority, belonged to Pakistan as an essential element in an incomplete partition process.[citation needed]
Analysis[edit | edit source]
From the perspective of many authors, Jinnah was also convinced that a plebiscite under the supervision of the Indian Army would be sabotaged. Instead, he proposed an immediate and simultaneous withdrawal on both sides, including the Pakistani military and their allies, Pathan tribesmen, and the Indian troops.[8][failed verification] Hearing the proposal, Mountbatten told Jinnah that he needed the consent of Nehru and Patel.[citation needed] The talks failed to reach agreement and the Kashmir issue was referred to the United Nations.[9]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Moore, Making the new Commonwealth 1987, p. 57.
- ↑ Noorani, The Kashmir Dispute 2014, pp. 13–14.
- ↑ Raghavan, War and Peace in Modern India 2010, p. 111.
- ↑ Ghose, Sankar (1993). Jawaharlal Nehru : a biography (1. publ. ed.). New Delhi [u.a.]: Allied Publ. ISBN 8170233690.
- ↑ Singh, Iqbal (1992). Between two fires : towards an understanding of Jawaharlal Nehru's foreign policy (1st publ. ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman. ISBN 812501585X.
- ↑ Bhandari, M.C. (2006). Solving Kashmir. New Delhi: Lancer Publishers & Distributors. p. 149. ISBN 8170621259.
- ↑ Chitkara, M. G. (2003). Kashmir : LoC. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publ. Co. ISBN 8176484415.
- ↑ Bajwa, Farooq (2013). From Kutch to Tashkent : the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 (1. publ. ed.). London, England: Hurst. ISBN 978-1849042307.
- ↑ Behuria, Ashok (2013), "India–Pakistan relations and the Kashmir issue (1947–2009): A historical perspective", in Sagarika Dutt; Alok Bansal (eds.), South Asian Security: 21st Century Discourses, Routledge, pp. 65–82, ISBN 978-1-136-61767-6
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
- Moore, Robin James (1987), Making the new Commonwealth, Clarendon Press, ISBN 978-0-19-820112-0
- Noorani, A. G. (2014) [first published in 2013 by Tulika Books], The Kashmir Dispute, 1947–2012, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-940018-8
- Raghavan, Srinath (2010), War and Peace in Modern India, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 978-1-137-00737-7
- Jones, Owen Bennett (2003). Pakistan eye of the storm (2nd ed.). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300101473.
External links[edit | edit source]
- staff writers, el. al. (1 June 2003). "Jinnah – Mountbatten Talks". Story of Pakistan, Nazaria-e-Pakistan Trust. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- "Jinnah and Kashmir". AJK Government. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
- Zargar, Abdul Majid. "Jinnah-Mountbatten Talks on Kashmir". Current events. Retrieved 21 March 2014.