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{{short description|1953 film by Sohrab Modi}} | {{short description|1953 film by Sohrab Modi}} | ||
{{EngvarB|date=April | {{EngvarB|date=April 2015}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}} | ||
{{Infobox film | {{Infobox film | ||
| name = Jhansi Ki Rani | | name = Jhansi Ki Rani | ||
| image = Jhansi Ki Rani (1953).jpg | | image = Jhansi Ki Rani (1953).jpg | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| director = [[Sohrab Modi]] | | director = [[Sohrab Modi]] | ||
| Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
| starring = {{ubl|[[Sohrab Modi]]|[[Mehtab (actress)|Mehtab]]|[[Sapru (actor)|Sapru]]|Mubarak}} | | starring = {{ubl|[[Sohrab Modi]]|[[Mehtab (actress)|Mehtab]]|[[Sapru (actor)|Sapru]]|Mubarak}} | ||
| music = {{ubl|[[Vasant Desai]]|Pandit Radheshyam (lyrics)}} | | music = {{ubl|[[Vasant Desai]]|Pandit Radheshyam (lyrics)}} | ||
| cinematography = [[Ernest Haller]] <small>assisted by M. Malhotra and Y. D. Sarpotdar</small> | | cinematography = [[Ernest Haller]] <small>assisted by [[MN Malhotra|M.N. Malhotra]] and Y. D. Sarpotdar</small> | ||
| editing = [[Russell Lloyd (film editor)|Russell Lloyd]] | | editing = [[Russell Lloyd (film editor)|Russell Lloyd]] | ||
| distributor = | | distributor = | ||
| studio = Minerva Movietone | | studio = Minerva Movietone | ||
| released = 24 | | released = {{Film date|1953|01|24|df=yes}} | ||
| runtime = 148 minutes | | runtime = 148 minutes | ||
| country = India | | country = India | ||
| language = Hindi | | language = Hindi | ||
| budget = {{INR|6 million}}<ref name="boi">{{cite news |title=2.0 – Among The Biggest Films Ever Made In India – Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4467 |accessdate=5 February 2019 |work=[[Box Office India]] |date=27 November | | budget = {{INR|6 million}}<ref name="boi">{{cite news |title=2.0 – Among The Biggest Films Ever Made In India – Box Office India |url=https://boxofficeindia.com/report-details.php?articleid=4467 |accessdate=5 February 2019 |work=[[Box Office India]] |date=27 November 2018}}</ref> | ||
| gross = | | gross = | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''''Jhansi Ki Rani''''' ({{ | '''''Jhansi Ki Rani''''' ({{Translation|Queen of Jhansi}}) is a 1953 Indian [[Hindi]]-language [[historical drama]] film produced and directed by [[Sohrab Modi]] for his Minerva Movietone production banner. It is credited as the first <!-- But Jean Renoir's The River (1951) was shot in India, so -->[[Technicolor]] film made in India<ref name="Singh2014">{{cite book|author=Harleen Singh|title=The Rani of Jhansi: Gender, History, and Fable in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=joHRAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA123|accessdate=25 December 2014|date=9 June 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-04280-3|pages=123–}}</ref> and starred Modi's wife, Mehtab in the title role, with Modi in the important role of her mentor, Rajguru (royal adviser).<ref name="Garga2005">{{cite book|author=B D Garga|title=Art of Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ITAnAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT57|accessdate=25 December 2014|date=1 December 2005|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-431-5|pages=57–}}</ref> The film was dubbed in English as ''The Tiger and the Flame'', which released in 1956 with the same star cast.<ref name="NashRoss1985">{{cite book |author1=Jay Robert Nash |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mKUqAQAAIAAJ |title=The Motion Picture Guide |author2=Stanley Ralph Ross |publisher=Cinebooks |year=1985 |accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref> The cast besides [[Mehtab (actress)|Mehtab]] and Sohrab Modi included [[Mubarak (actor)|Mubarak]], [[Ulhas (actor)|Ulhas]], [[Sapru (actor)|Sapru]], Ram Singh, Baby Shikha, Marconi and Shakila.<ref name=8mm>{{cite web|title=Movie Details Jhansi Ki Rani|url=http://www.8mm.in/index.php?option=com_jumi&fileid=10&Itemid=30&id=4239|website=8mm.in|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref> | ||
Set in the 19th century against the backdrop of the [[Mutiny of 1857]], the film is about the bravery of queen Lakshmibai, [[Rani of Jhansi]], who took up arms and led her army against the British. She was one of the first Indians to do so.<ref name="BishopChaudhuri2012">{{cite book|author1=Tom Bishop|author2=Sukanta Chaudhuri|author3=Alexa Huang|author4=Graham Bradshaw|title=The Shakespearean International Yearbook: Volume 12: Special Section, Shakespeare in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NghO9fp3PywC&pg=RA1-PT66|accessdate=25 December 2014|date=28 December 2012|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-7108-0|pages=1–}}</ref> It was the [[List of most expensive Indian films|most expensive Hindi film]] up until then, with a budget {{INR|6 million}}, but became a box office failure.<ref name="boi" /> | Set in the 19th century against the backdrop of the [[Mutiny of 1857]], the film is about the bravery of queen Lakshmibai, [[Rani of Jhansi]], who took up arms and led her army against the British. She was one of the first Indians to do so.<ref name="BishopChaudhuri2012">{{cite book|author1=Tom Bishop|author2=Sukanta Chaudhuri|author3=Alexa Huang|author4=Graham Bradshaw|title=The Shakespearean International Yearbook: Volume 12: Special Section, Shakespeare in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NghO9fp3PywC&pg=RA1-PT66|accessdate=25 December 2014|date=28 December 2012|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.|isbn=978-1-4094-7108-0|pages=1–}}</ref> It was the [[List of most expensive Indian films|most expensive Hindi film]] up until then, with a budget {{INR|6 million}}, but became a box office failure.<ref name="boi" /> | ||
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== Cast == | == Cast == | ||
The cast has been listed below:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hungama |first=Bollywood |date=1953-01-01 |title=Jhansi Ki Rani Cast List {{!}} Jhansi Ki Rani Movie Star Cast {{!}} Release Date {{!}} Movie Trailer {{!}} Review- Bollywood Hungama |url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/movie/jhansi-ki-rani-2/cast/ |access-date=2025-02-01 |language=en}}</ref> | |||
* [[Mehtab (actress)|Mehtab]] as Rani Lakshmibai | * [[Mehtab (actress)|Mehtab]] as Rani Lakshmibai | ||
* [[Sohrab Modi]] as Rajguru | * [[Sohrab Modi]] as Rajguru | ||
| Line 51: | Line 52: | ||
== Production == | == Production == | ||
The film was released in India in 1952 (1953) as ''Jhansi Ki Rani'' and released in the US as ''The Tiger and the Flame'' in 1956.<ref name=8mm /> Modi had Hollywood technicians brought in to help in the technical aspect of the film. He managed to create the right era using historical details correctly.<ref name="Garga2005" /> The main cinematographer was the Hollywood Oscar winner for ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' (1939), [[Ernest Haller]], who was assisted by M. N. Malhotra and Y. D. Sarpotdar. The editor was [[Russell Lloyd (film editor)|Russell Lloyd]] from England.<ref name=8mm /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinematographers.nl/GreatDoPh/haller.htm|title=Ernest Haller|publisher=Cinematographers.nl|accessdate=25 December | The film was released in India in 1952 (1953) as ''Jhansi Ki Rani'' and released in the US as ''The Tiger and the Flame'' in 1956.<ref name=8mm /> Modi had Hollywood technicians brought in to help in the technical aspect of the film. He managed to create the right era using historical details correctly.<ref name="Garga2005" /> The main cinematographer was the Hollywood Oscar winner for ''[[Gone with the Wind (film)|Gone with the Wind]]'' (1939), [[Ernest Haller]], who was assisted by M. N. Malhotra and Y. D. Sarpotdar. The editor was [[Russell Lloyd (film editor)|Russell Lloyd]] from England.<ref name=8mm /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cinematographers.nl/GreatDoPh/haller.htm|title=Ernest Haller|publisher=Cinematographers.nl|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref> The film deviated from the fictionalised accounts and stuck to the extracts from the novel ''Jhansi Ki Rani'' (1946) by [[Vrindavan Lal Verma]]<ref name=Singh2014 /> | ||
== Sohrab Modi And Historicals == | == Sohrab Modi And Historicals == | ||
Modi concentrated on Historicals, prominent of which were [[Pukar (1939 film)|''Pukar'']] (1939), ''Jhansi Ki Rani'' and [[Mirza Ghalib (film)|''Mirza Ghalib'']] (1954), which are "considered milestones of the genre".<ref name="Gooptu2010">{{cite book|author=Sharmistha Gooptu|title=Bengali Cinema: 'An Other Nation'|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugbGBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT323|accessdate=25 December 2014|date=1 November 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-91216-0|pages=323–}}</ref> | Modi concentrated on Historicals, prominent of which were [[Pukar (1939 film)|''Pukar'']] (1939), [[Sikandar (1941 film)|''Sikandar'']] (1941), [[Jhansi Ki Rani (1953 film)|''Jhansi Ki Rani'']] (1953), and [[Mirza Ghalib (film)|''Mirza Ghalib'']] (1954), which are "considered milestones of the genre".<ref name="Gooptu2010">{{cite book|author=Sharmistha Gooptu|title=Bengali Cinema: 'An Other Nation'|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugbGBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT323|accessdate=25 December 2014|date=1 November 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-91216-0|pages=323–}}</ref> | ||
== Box-office == | == Box-office == | ||
The press praised the film lauding Modi's use of colour and direction. However, in spite of having spent lavishly on technicians, sets, war scenes and making it in colour, the film was a big box office disaster causing Modi great financial losses.<ref name="Garga2005" /> Modi was blamed for casting his wife Mehtab in the title role of Lakshmibai, who looked too old at 35 years to portray the young queen half her age.<ref name=Gangar>{{cite book|last1=Gangar|first1=Amrit|title=Sohrab Modi The Great Mughal of Historicals|date=2008|publisher=Wisdom Tree|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=9788183281089|pages=111}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tilakrishi.blogspot.in/2008/04/moviemakers-marry-their-heroines.html|title=Moviemakers marry their heroines|publisher=Tilak Rishi|accessdate=25 December | The press praised the film lauding Modi's use of colour and direction. However, in spite of having spent lavishly on technicians, sets, war scenes and making it in colour, the film was a big box office disaster causing Modi great financial losses.<ref name="Garga2005" /> Modi was blamed for casting his wife Mehtab in the title role of Lakshmibai, who looked too old at 35 years to portray the young queen half her age.<ref name=Gangar>{{cite book|last1=Gangar|first1=Amrit|title=Sohrab Modi The Great Mughal of Historicals|date=2008|publisher=Wisdom Tree|location=New Delhi, India|isbn=9788183281089|pages=111}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tilakrishi.blogspot.in/2008/04/moviemakers-marry-their-heroines.html|title=Moviemakers marry their heroines|publisher=Tilak Rishi|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref> | ||
== Crew == | == Crew == | ||
Crew<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/jhansi-ki-rani-movie-cast-crew/2353 | Crew<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gomolo.com/jhansi-ki-rani-movie-cast-crew/2353|title=Cast and crew Jhansi Ki Rani (1953)|publisher=Gomolo.com|accessdate=25 December 2014|archive-date=25 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225113347/http://www.gomolo.com/jhansi-ki-rani-movie-cast-crew/2353|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
|title=Cast and crew Jhansi Ki Rani (1953)|publisher=Gomolo.com|accessdate=25 December | |||
* Dialogue: L. Bijlani and Dialogue director was William DeLane Lea | * Dialogue: L. Bijlani and Dialogue director was William DeLane Lea | ||
* Screenplay: Geza Herceg, Adi F. Keeka and Sudarshan | * Screenplay: Geza Herceg, Adi F. Keeka and Sudarshan | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
== Soundtrack == | == Soundtrack == | ||
While the English version (1956, dubbed)<ref name="Agarwal2009">{{cite book|author=Deepa Agarwal|title=Rani Lakshmibai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h747vxHZd9wC&pg=PT119|accessdate=25 December 2014|date=8 September 2009|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-806-1|pages=119–}}</ref> had no songs, the Hindi version had music by [[Vasant Desai]] and lyrics by Pandit Radheshyam. The playback singers were [[Mohammed Rafi]], Sulochana Kadam, Suman Purohit, Parshuram and P. Ramakant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hindigeetmala.net/movie/jhansi_ki_rani.htm|title=Jhansi Ki Rani|publisher=Hindi Geetmala|accessdate=25 December | While the English version (1956, dubbed)<ref name="Agarwal2009">{{cite book|author=Deepa Agarwal|title=Rani Lakshmibai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h747vxHZd9wC&pg=PT119|accessdate=25 December 2014|date=8 September 2009|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-806-1|pages=119–}}</ref> had no songs, the Hindi version had music by [[Vasant Desai]] and lyrics by Pandit Radheshyam. The playback singers were [[Mohammed Rafi]], Sulochana Kadam, Suman Purohit, Parshuram and P. Ramakant.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hindigeetmala.net/movie/jhansi_ki_rani.htm|title=Jhansi Ki Rani|publisher=Hindi Geetmala|accessdate=25 December 2014}}</ref> Two songs in Mohammed Rafi's voice remain notable: "Amar Hai Jhansi Ki Rani" and "Rajguru Ne Jhansi Chhodi".<ref name="Bharatan2010">{{cite book|author=Raju Bharatan|title=A Journey Down Melody Lane|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WnxABAAAQBAJ&pg=PT135|accessdate=18 December 2014|date=1 September 2010|publisher=Hay House, Inc|isbn=978-93-81398-05-0|pages=135–}}</ref> | ||
=== Songlist === | === Songlist === | ||
| Line 107: | Line 107: | ||
== Trivia == | == Trivia == | ||
Impressed by [[Hema Malini]]'s performance in [[Razia Sultan (film)|Razia Sultan]] (1983), Modi wanted to remake ''Jhansi Ki Rani'' with her in the lead.<ref name="Gangar" /> | * Impressed by [[Hema Malini]]'s performance in [[Razia Sultan (film)|Razia Sultan]] (1983), Modi wanted to remake ''Jhansi Ki Rani'' with her in the lead.<ref name="Gangar" /> | ||
*[[Kamala Markandaya]], in her novel ''Possession'' (1963), chapter 12, makes say to the narrator, a woman who appears to represent the author herself, autobiographically, that in the beginning of the 1950s she wrote the scenario of ''Rani of Jhansi''. | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
| Line 118: | Line 119: | ||
[[Category:1953 films]] | [[Category:1953 films]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:1953 Hindi-language films]] | ||
[[Category:Films directed by Sohrab Modi]] | [[Category:Films directed by Sohrab Modi]] | ||
[[Category:Films scored by Vasant Desai]] | [[Category:Films scored by Vasant Desai]] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:39, 4 March 2026
| Jhansi Ki Rani | |
|---|---|
![]() | |
| Directed by | Sohrab Modi |
| Produced by | Sohrab Modi |
| Written by |
|
| Starring |
|
| Music by |
|
| Cinematography | Ernest Haller assisted by M.N. Malhotra and Y. D. Sarpotdar |
| Edited by | Russell Lloyd |
Production company | Minerva Movietone |
Release date |
|
Running time | 148 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi |
| Budget | ₹6 million[1] |
Jhansi Ki Rani (transl. Queen of Jhansi) is a 1953 Indian Hindi-language historical drama film produced and directed by Sohrab Modi for his Minerva Movietone production banner. It is credited as the first Technicolor film made in India[2] and starred Modi's wife, Mehtab in the title role, with Modi in the important role of her mentor, Rajguru (royal adviser).[3] The film was dubbed in English as The Tiger and the Flame, which released in 1956 with the same star cast.[4] The cast besides Mehtab and Sohrab Modi included Mubarak, Ulhas, Sapru, Ram Singh, Baby Shikha, Marconi and Shakila.[5]
Set in the 19th century against the backdrop of the Mutiny of 1857, the film is about the bravery of queen Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi, who took up arms and led her army against the British. She was one of the first Indians to do so.[6] It was the most expensive Hindi film up until then, with a budget ₹6 million, but became a box office failure.[1]
Plot[edit | edit source]
Rajguru (Sohrab Modi) decides that Jhansi should get its proper recognition in history. He comes across a young girl, Manu (the young Rani Lakshmibai), played by Baby Shikha. Her father has been hit by a carriage driven by an English driver. She gathers a few children to confront the driver. This, and her confrontation with an elephant impresses the Rajguru who takes her in hand, shaping her into becoming a determined leader. He arranges for her, at the age of nine, to marry the much older ruler of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao (Mubarak), who is about fifty years old, and become Queen.
Manu grows up under the expert tutelage of the Rajguru, learning physical combat and political administration. The older Manu, now called Lakshmibai gives birth to a boy who dies. She adopts another boy, Damodar Rao, who the English refuse to accept as the rightful heir. This further sets her against the British. During the uprising of 1857 (1857 Mutiny), she fights against them, succumbing to her injuries in the end.
Cast[edit | edit source]
The cast has been listed below:[7]
- Mehtab as Rani Lakshmibai
- Sohrab Modi as Rajguru
- Mubarak as Gangadhar Rao
- Sapru as General Sir Hugh Rose
- Ulhas as Ghulam Ghaus Khan
- Ram Singh as Sadashiv Rao
- Baby Shikha as Manu
- Anil Kishore as Lieut. Henry Dowker
- Kamlakant as Moropant
- S.B. Nayampalli as Panditji
- Michael Shea as Major Eliss
- Gloria Gasper as Doris Dowker
- Marconi as Colonel Sleeman
- Shakila as Kashi
- Dar Kashmiri
Production[edit | edit source]
The film was released in India in 1952 (1953) as Jhansi Ki Rani and released in the US as The Tiger and the Flame in 1956.[5] Modi had Hollywood technicians brought in to help in the technical aspect of the film. He managed to create the right era using historical details correctly.[3] The main cinematographer was the Hollywood Oscar winner for Gone with the Wind (1939), Ernest Haller, who was assisted by M. N. Malhotra and Y. D. Sarpotdar. The editor was Russell Lloyd from England.[5][8] The film deviated from the fictionalised accounts and stuck to the extracts from the novel Jhansi Ki Rani (1946) by Vrindavan Lal Verma[2]
Sohrab Modi And Historicals[edit | edit source]
Modi concentrated on Historicals, prominent of which were Pukar (1939), Sikandar (1941), Jhansi Ki Rani (1953), and Mirza Ghalib (1954), which are "considered milestones of the genre".[9]
Box-office[edit | edit source]
The press praised the film lauding Modi's use of colour and direction. However, in spite of having spent lavishly on technicians, sets, war scenes and making it in colour, the film was a big box office disaster causing Modi great financial losses.[3] Modi was blamed for casting his wife Mehtab in the title role of Lakshmibai, who looked too old at 35 years to portray the young queen half her age.[10][11]
Crew[edit | edit source]
Crew[12]
- Dialogue: L. Bijlani and Dialogue director was William DeLane Lea
- Screenplay: Geza Herceg, Adi F. Keeka and Sudarshan
- Audiographer: M. Eduljee
Soundtrack[edit | edit source]
While the English version (1956, dubbed)[13] had no songs, the Hindi version had music by Vasant Desai and lyrics by Pandit Radheshyam. The playback singers were Mohammed Rafi, Sulochana Kadam, Suman Purohit, Parshuram and P. Ramakant.[14] Two songs in Mohammed Rafi's voice remain notable: "Amar Hai Jhansi Ki Rani" and "Rajguru Ne Jhansi Chhodi".[15]
Songlist[edit | edit source]
| # | Title | Singer |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | "Amar Hai Jhansi Ki Rani" | Mohammed Rafi |
| 2 | "Rajguru Ne Jhansi Chhodi" | Mohammed Rafi |
| 3 | "Humara Pyara Hindustan" | Mohammed Rafi |
| 4 | "Har Har Mahadev Ka Nara" | Sulochana Kadam, Suman Purohit, Parshuram, Ramakant |
| 5 | "Azadi Ki Ye Aag Hai Lajawab" | Mohammed Rafi |
| 6 | "Kahan Baje Kishan Teri Bansuriya" | |
| 7 | "Badhe Chalo Bahaduro" | |
| 8 | "Nari Jee Jee Re Jee Jee Re" |
Trivia[edit | edit source]
- Impressed by Hema Malini's performance in Razia Sultan (1983), Modi wanted to remake Jhansi Ki Rani with her in the lead.[10]
- Kamala Markandaya, in her novel Possession (1963), chapter 12, makes say to the narrator, a woman who appears to represent the author herself, autobiographically, that in the beginning of the 1950s she wrote the scenario of Rani of Jhansi.
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "2.0 – Among The Biggest Films Ever Made In India – Box Office India". Box Office India. 27 November 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Harleen Singh (9 June 2014). The Rani of Jhansi: Gender, History, and Fable in India. Cambridge University Press. pp. 123–. ISBN 978-1-107-04280-3. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 B D Garga (1 December 2005). Art of Cinema. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-81-8475-431-5. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ Jay Robert Nash; Stanley Ralph Ross (1985). The Motion Picture Guide. Cinebooks. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "Movie Details Jhansi Ki Rani". 8mm.in. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ Tom Bishop; Sukanta Chaudhuri; Alexa Huang; Graham Bradshaw (28 December 2012). The Shakespearean International Yearbook: Volume 12: Special Section, Shakespeare in India. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-1-4094-7108-0. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ Hungama, Bollywood (1 January 1953). "Jhansi Ki Rani Cast List | Jhansi Ki Rani Movie Star Cast | Release Date | Movie Trailer | Review- Bollywood Hungama". Retrieved 1 February 2025.
- ↑ "Ernest Haller". Cinematographers.nl. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ Sharmistha Gooptu (1 November 2010). Bengali Cinema: 'An Other Nation'. Routledge. pp. 323–. ISBN 978-1-136-91216-0. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Gangar, Amrit (2008). Sohrab Modi The Great Mughal of Historicals. New Delhi, India: Wisdom Tree. p. 111. ISBN 9788183281089.
- ↑ "Moviemakers marry their heroines". Tilak Rishi. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ "Cast and crew Jhansi Ki Rani (1953)". Gomolo.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ Deepa Agarwal (8 September 2009). Rani Lakshmibai. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 119–. ISBN 978-81-8475-806-1. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ "Jhansi Ki Rani". Hindi Geetmala. Retrieved 25 December 2014.
- ↑ Raju Bharatan (1 September 2010). A Journey Down Melody Lane. Hay House, Inc. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-93-81398-05-0. Retrieved 18 December 2014.
