Halebidu: Difference between revisions

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| other_name                      = Dorasamudra or Dwarasamudra

'''Halebidu''' ([[IAST]]: Haḷēbīḍ, literally "old capital, city, encampment"<ref>JF Fleet, Nele-Vidu: Appayana-Vidu, The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117-119, {{JSTOR|25189510}}</ref> or "ruined city"<ref>{{cite book | last=Duraiswamy | first=S. | title=The Creative Touches of the Chisel | year=2004 | isbn=978-955-8095-49-2 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7cmfAAAAMAAJ | page=107}}</ref>) is a town located in [[Hassan District]], [[Karnataka]], [[India]]. Historically known as '''Dorasamudra''' (also Dwarasamudra), Halebidu became the regal capital of the [[Hoysala Empire]] in the 11th century CE.<ref>Katherine E. Kasdorf (2013), ''Forming Dōrasamudra: Temples of the Hoysaḷa Capital in Context'', Columbia University Press, pp. 44–46</ref>{{refn|group=note|Dorasamudra was one of the capitals of the Hoysalas. Governors had their own capital, with temples and infrastructure. Sosavur (Sasapura, Sasakapura) was their first capital. Belur served as another capital for a part of the 12th-century. The king used to relocate and stay for extended periods in other capitals. However, Dorasamudra is repeatedly called as the ''srimad rajdhani'' ("most illustrious capital") in inscriptions found in distant parts of the Hoysala kingdom.}} In the modern era literature it is sometimes referred to as '''Halebeedu''' or '''Halebid''' as the phonetic equivalent, a local name after it was damaged and deserted after being [[Siege of Dwarasamudra|ransacked]] and looted twice by the forces of the [[Delhi Sultanate]] in the 14th century.<ref name="Bradnock2000p959">{{cite book|author1=Robert Bradnock|author2=Roma Bradnock|title=India Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2hCFDsTbmhoC|year=2000|publisher=McGraw-Hill |isbn=978-0-658-01151-1|page=959}}</ref><ref name="Asher1995p29">{{cite book|author=Catherine B. Asher|title=India 2001: Reference Encyclopedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F_BtAAAAMAAJ |year=1995|publisher=South Asia |isbn=978-0-945921-42-4|pages=29–30}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Joan-Pau Rubiés|title=Travel and Ethnology in the Renaissance: South India Through European Eyes, 1250-1625|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=adpkHQ9SCq0C |year=2002|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-52613-5|pages=13–15}}</ref>

*[[Nuggehalli]] group of temples – about {{convert|80|km}} to the east of Halebidu, with the Lakshminarasimha temple featuring an ingenious structure that makes three sanctums appear as one sanctum from outside; a Vesara architecture from the 13th-century. The other major temple in the village called the [[Sadasiva Temple, Nuggehalli]] is a remarkable Hoysala synthesis of north Indian [[Nagara architecture|Nagara]] architecture with South Indian ideas on architecture.<ref>{{cite book| author1=Madhusudan A. Dhaky|author2=Michael Meister|title=Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architecture, Volume 1 Part 3 South India Text & Plates|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=a1VJAQAAIAAJ | year=1996|publisher= American Institute of Indian Studies|isbn= 978-81-86526-00-2|page = 372–374 }}</ref>