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| {{Short description|1934 film by K. Subramanyam}}
| | '''Pavalakkodi''' may refer to: |
| {{About|the 1934 film|other films with the same name|Pavalakkodi (1949 film)|and|Pavalakkodi (2003 film)}}
| | *[[Pavalakkodi (1934 film)]], a [[Tamil language]] film |
| {{Infobox film
| | *[[Pavalakodi (1949 film)]], an Indian Tamil-language film |
| | name = Pavalakkodi
| | *[[Pavalakkodi (2003 film)]], a Tamil language drama film |
| | image = Pavalakkodi poster.jpg
| | {{dab}} |
| | caption = Poster
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| | director = [[K. Subramanyam]]
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| | writer =
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| | starring = [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]]<br />[[S. D. Subbulakshmi]]<br />R. S. Sundarambal<br />[[S. S. Mani Bhagavathar]]
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| | producer = [[Lena Chettiar|S. M. Lakshmana Chettiar]]
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| | distributor =
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| | music = [[Papanasam Sivan]]
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| | cinematography =
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| | editing =
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| | released = {{Film date|df=yes|1934}}
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| | runtime =
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| | language = [[Tamil language|Tamil]]
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| | country = India
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| }}
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| '''Pavalakkodi''' is a 1934 [[Tamil language]] film starring [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] and directed by [[K. Subramanyam]]. It was the first film for both of them.<ref name="A">{{cite web | url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/pavalakodi-1934/article3021180.ece | title=Pavalakodi 1934 | work=[[The Hindu]] | date=2012-02-20 | access-date=2017-09-21 | last=Guy | first=Randor | author-link=Randor Guy | archive-url=https://archive.today/20170922025422/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/pavalakodi-1934/article3021180.ece | archive-date=22 September 2017 | url-status=dead | df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="B">{{Cite book| first=S. Theodore| last=Baskaran | author-link=S. Theodore Baskaran | year= 1996| title=The eye of the serpent: an introduction to Tamil cinema | publisher= East West Books| location= Chennai| pages=199 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhFlAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref name="C">{{Cite book| first=Yves| last= Thoraval| year= 2000| title= The cinemas of India | publisher= Macmillan | location= India| isbn= 978-0-333-93410-4 | pages=37 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-OpkAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref name="D">{{Cite book| first1= Ashish | last1=Rajadhyaksha| first2=Paul |last2=Willemen| year= 1994| title= Encyclopaedia of Indian cinema | publisher= British Film Institute| isbn= 978-0-85170-455-5| pages=56,206 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nOZkAAAAMAAJ}}</ref><ref name="E">{{Cite book| last=Arandhai Narayanan| language= ta| year= 2008 | title=Arambakala Tamil Cinema (1931-41) | publisher=Vijaya Publications| location= Chennai| pages=22}}</ref><ref name="F">{{Cite book| last=Film News Anandan| language= ta| year= 2004 | title=Sadhanaigal padaitha Tamil Thiraipada Varalaaru | publisher=Sivagami Publications| location= Chennai| pages=28:2}}</ref><ref name="ksubramaniam">{{Cite web|url=http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Memories/98/fna/fnadirs1.htm|title=Directors who made a difference in the Tamil Cinema World|access-date=12 October 2008|publisher=Indolink.com|author=Film News Anandan|author-link=Film News Anandan|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034538/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Memories/98/fna/fnadirs1.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The film's music was composed by [[Papanasam Sivan]].<ref name="papanasam_sivan">{{Cite news| title= The phenomenon lives forever | date=22 September 2000 | url =http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/09/22/stories/13221287.htm | work =The Hindu | access-date = 12 September 2008}}</ref> | |
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| ==Production==
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| [[File:Pavalakkodi.jpg|thumbnail|right|S. S. Mani Bhagavathar as Lord Krishna and M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar as Arjuna in the film.]] | |
| ''Pavalakkodi'' (lit. The Coral Queen) was originally a successful stage play acted out by a troupe of artists composed of Thyagaraja Bhagavathar, Mani Bhagavathar and [[S. D. Subbulakshmi]]. The troupe toured all over Tamil Nadu, [[Sri Lanka|Ceylon]], [[Malaysia|Malaya]] and [[Singapore]] staging the play.<ref name="G">{{Cite book| first= Ananda| last=Lal | year= 2004| title= The Oxford companion to Indian theatre | publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn= 978-0-19-564446-3| pages=50 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DftkAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> [[Lena Chettiar|S. M. Lakshmana Chettiar]] (Lena), a prominent businessman, [[R. M. Alagappa Chettiar]] and K. Subramanyam watched it at [[Karaikudi]].<ref name="ksubramaniam2">{{Cite news | last =Guy | first =Randor | title =Blazing new trails | date =4 May 2004 | url =http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2004/05/02/stories/2004050200210400.htm | work =The Hindu:Magazine | access-date =12 September 2008 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20081017134513/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2004/05/02/stories/2004050200210400.htm | archive-date =17 October 2008 | url-status =dead }}</ref> Highly impressed by the play they decided to produce a film based on it. The lead actors, M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar and S. D. Subbulakshmi were hired for Rs. 4,000 and Rs. 2,500 respectively. This was the first film for both of them.<ref name="ksubramaniam" /> This film was the first for Subramanyam as director. A vacant land (present day campus of Dr. MGR Janaki College of Arts and Science for Women) in [[Adyar (Chennai)|Adyar]] was chosen for filming. Subramanyam established his studio at the spot and called it Meenakshi Cinetones. Filming was done outdoors using sunlight. Scenes were shot continuously when the sun was shining brightly and breaks were called when it became cloudy. Whenever the cloud cover broke, cast and crew rushed to resume filming abandoning their food packets. The abandoned food attracted a lot of crows from the wooded Adyar surroundings. The cawing of crows was a nuisance to recording (songs and dialogues were recorded directly on the spot). Subramanyam hired an [[Anglo Indian]] named Joe to fire his rifle in the air and shoo away the crows. Joe was credited in the film credits as "Crow Shooter". The studio did not have its own lab and scenes were shot without knowing how they would turn out. All the post production work was done at [[Bombay]].<ref name="A"/>
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| ==Plot==
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| ''Pavalakkodi'' tells the mythical love story of [[Arjuna]] (Thyagaraja Bhagavathar) and Pavalakkodi (S. D. Subbulakshmi), the princess of Coral Island.
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| ==Cast==
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| * [[M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar]] as [[Arjuna]]n
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| * R. S. Sundarambal as [[Subhadra]]
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| * [[S. S. Mani Bhagavathar]] as [[Lord Krishna|Krishnan]]
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| * [[S. D. Subbulakshmi]] as Pavalakodi
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| * K. K. Parvathi Bai as Alli
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| ==Soundtrack==
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| The film had 50 songs,<ref name="C"/> of which 22 were sung by M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://raja1630.tripod.com/mktb/id2.html|title=MKT Filmography Part I|access-date=12 October 2008|work=M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar fan site|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704184423/http://raja1630.tripod.com/mktb/id2.html|archive-date=4 July 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Some of the popular songs from the movie are:
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| * Somasekara (Raga: Karaharapriya)
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| * Kanna Kariyamugil Vanna (Raga: Bhairavi)
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| * Vanithaikul Uyirvaana
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| * Munnam oru Sanyasi Vadivaaki
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| ==Reception==
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| ''Pavalakkodi'' was a box office hit and ran for nine months.<ref name="ksubramaniam2" /> It was also one of the earliest commercially successful Tamil films. On the successful completion of the film, Subramanyam married S. D. Subbulakshmi as his second wife.<ref name="ksubramaniam2"/> ''Pavalakkodi'' set the stage for M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar's eventful career as the first superstar of Tamil Cinema. The single remaining print of this film has been preserved at National Film Archives, Pune.<ref name="A"/><ref name="C"/>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}} | |
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| {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2017}}
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| ==External links==
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| * {{IMDB title|id=00254667| title=Pavalokkodi}}
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| [[Category:1934 films]]
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| [[Category:Indian films]]
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| [[Category:Tamil-language films]]
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| [[Category:1930s Tamil-language films]]
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| [[Category:Indian drama films]]
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| [[Category:1934 drama films]]
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| [[Category:Films directed by K. Subramanyam]]
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Pavalakkodi may refer to:
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