Wild Bactrian camel: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "thumb| The '''Wild Bactrian camel''' (''Camelus ferus'') is a critically endangered species of camel living in East Türkestan and southwestern Mongolia. It is closely related to the Bactrian camel (''Camelus bactrianus''). Both are large, double-humped even-toed ungulates native to the steppes of central Asia.<ref name=Rarest>{{Cite web|url=http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/camebac...")
 
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The '''Wild Bactrian camel''' (''Camelus ferus'') is a [[critically endangered]] [[species]] of [[camel]] living in [[East Türkestan]] and southwestern Mongolia. It is closely related to the [[Bactrian camel]] (''Camelus bactrianus''). Both are large, double-humped [[even-toed ungulate]]s native to the [[steppe]]s of [[central Asia]].<ref name=Rarest>{{Cite web|url=http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/camebact.htm|title=Animal Info - Endangered Animals: Camelus bactrianus (Camelus bactrianus ferus)|access-date=9 November 2012|publisher=Animal Information Organization}}</ref> Until recently, wild Bactrian camels were thought to have descended from [[Domestication|domesticated]] Bactrian camels that became [[feral]] after being released into the wild. However, [[Genetics|genetic]] studies have established it as a separate species which diverged from the Bactrian camel about 1.1 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Silbermayr|first1=K.|last2=Orozco-terWengel|first2=P.|last3=Charruau|first3=P.|last4=Enkhbileg|first4=D.|last5=Walzer|first5=C.|last6=Vogl|first6=C.|last7=Schwarzenberger|first7=F.|last8=Kaczensky|first8=P.|last9=Burger|first9=P. A.|date=2010-06-01|title=High mitochondrial differentiation levels between wild and domestic Bactrian camels: a basis for rapid detection of maternal hybridization|journal=Animal Genetics|language=en|volume=41|issue=3|pages=315–318|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01993.x|pmid=19968638|issn=1365-2052}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Ji|first1=R.|last2=Cui|first2=P.|last3=Ding|first3=F.|last4=Geng|first4=J.|last5=Gao|first5=H.|last6=Zhang|first6=H.|last7=Yu|first7=J.|last8=Hu|first8=S.|last9=Meng|first9=H.|date=2009-08-01|title=Monophyletic origin of domestic bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and its evolutionary relationship with the extant wild camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus)|journal=Animal Genetics|language=en|volume=40|issue=4|pages=377–382|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01848.x|issn=1365-2052|pmc=2721964|pmid=19292708}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Burger|first=Pamela Anna|date=2016-04-05|title=The history of Old World camelids in the light of molecular genetics|journal=Tropical Animal Health and Production|language=en|volume=48|issue=5|pages=905–913|doi=10.1007/s11250-016-1032-7|issn=0049-4747|pmc=4884201|pmid=27048619}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mohandesan|first1=Elmira|last2=Fitak|first2=Robert R.|last3=Corander|first3=Jukka|last4=Yadamsuren|first4=Adiya|last5=Chuluunbat|first5=Battsetseg|last6=Abdelhadi|first6=Omer|last7=Raziq|first7=Abdul|last8=Nagy|first8=Peter|last9=Stalder|first9=Gabrielle|date=2017-08-30|title=Mitogenome Sequencing in the Genus Camelus Reveals Evidence for Purifying Selection and Long-term Divergence between Wild and Domestic Bactrian Camels|journal=[[Scientific Reports]]|language=En|volume=7|issue=1|pages=9970|doi=10.1038/s41598-017-08995-8|pmid=28855525|pmc=5577142|bibcode=2017NatSR...7.9970M|issn=2045-2322}}</ref><ref>Burger, P., Silbermayr, K., Charruau, P., Lipp, L., Dulamtseren, E., Yadmasuren, A. and Walzer, C. (''in press''). Genetic status of wild camels (''Camelus ferus'') in Mongolia.</ref><ref name="Hare and Potts">See, for example: [[#CITEREFHare2008|Hare (2008)]] and [[#CITEREFPotts2004|Potts (2004)]]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cui|first1=Peng|last2=Ji|first2=Rimutu|last3=Ding|first3=Feng|last4=Qi|first4=Dan|last5=Gao|first5=Hongwei|last6=Meng|first6=He|last7=Yu|first7=Jun|last8=Hu|first8=Songnian|last9=Zhang|first9=Heping|date=2007-01-01|title=A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus): an evolutionary history of camelidae|journal=BMC Genomics|volume=8|pages=241|doi=10.1186/1471-2164-8-241|issn=1471-2164|pmc=1939714|pmid=17640355}}</ref>
The '''Wild Bactrian camel''' (''Camelus ferus'') is a [[critically endangered]] [[species]] of [[camel]] living in [[East Türkestan]] and southwestern Mongolia. It is closely related to the [[Bactrian camel]] (''Camelus bactrianus''). Both are large, double-humped [[even-toed ungulate]]s native to the [[steppe]]s of [[central Asia]].<ref name=Rarest>{{Cite web|url=http://www.animalinfo.org/species/artiperi/camebact.htm|title=Animal Info - Endangered Animals: Camelus bactrianus (Camelus bactrianus ferus)|access-date=9 November 2012|publisher=Animal Information Organization}}</ref> Until recently, wild Bactrian camels were thought to have descended from [[Domestication|domesticated]] Bactrian camels that became [[feral]] after being released into the wild. However, [[Genetics|genetic]] studies have established it as a separate species which diverged from the Bactrian camel about 1.1 million years ago.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Silbermayr|first1=K.|last2=Orozco-terWengel|first2=P.|last3=Charruau|first3=P.|last4=Enkhbileg|first4=D.|last5=Walzer|first5=C.|last6=Vogl|first6=C.|last7=Schwarzenberger|first7=F.|last8=Kaczensky|first8=P.|last9=Burger|first9=P. A.|date=2010-06-01|title=High mitochondrial differentiation levels between wild and domestic Bactrian camels: a basis for rapid detection of maternal hybridization|journal=Animal Genetics|language=en|volume=41|issue=3|pages=315–318|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01993.x|pmid=19968638|issn=1365-2052}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Ji|first1=R.|last2=Cui|first2=P.|last3=Ding|first3=F.|last4=Geng|first4=J.|last5=Gao|first5=H.|last6=Zhang|first6=H.|last7=Yu|first7=J.|last8=Hu|first8=S.|last9=Meng|first9=H.|date=2009-08-01|title=Monophyletic origin of domestic bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and its evolutionary relationship with the extant wild camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus)|journal=Animal Genetics|language=en|volume=40|issue=4|pages=377–382|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01848.x|issn=1365-2052|pmc=2721964|pmid=19292708}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Burger|first=Pamela Anna|date=2016-04-05|title=The history of Old World camelids in the light of molecular genetics|journal=Tropical Animal Health and Production|language=en|volume=48|issue=5|pages=905–913|doi=10.1007/s11250-016-1032-7|issn=0049-4747|pmc=4884201|pmid=27048619}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Mohandesan|first1=Elmira|last2=Fitak|first2=Robert R.|last3=Corander|first3=Jukka|last4=Yadamsuren|first4=Adiya|last5=Chuluunbat|first5=Battsetseg|last6=Abdelhadi|first6=Omer|last7=Raziq|first7=Abdul|last8=Nagy|first8=Peter|last9=Stalder|first9=Gabrielle|date=2017-08-30|title=Mitogenome Sequencing in the Genus Camelus Reveals Evidence for Purifying Selection and Long-term Divergence between Wild and Domestic Bactrian Camels|journal=[[Scientific Reports]]|language=En|volume=7|issue=1|pages=9970|doi=10.1038/s41598-017-08995-8|pmid=28855525|pmc=5577142|bibcode=2017NatSR...7.9970M|issn=2045-2322}}</ref><ref>Burger, P., Silbermayr, K., Charruau, P., Lipp, L., Dulamtseren, E., Yadmasuren, A. and Walzer, C. (''in press''). Genetic status of wild camels (''Camelus ferus'') in Mongolia.</ref><ref name="Hare and Potts">See, for example: [[#CITEREFHare2008|Hare (2008)]] and [[#CITEREFPotts2004|Potts (2004)]]</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cui|first1=Peng|last2=Ji|first2=Rimutu|last3=Ding|first3=Feng|last4=Qi|first4=Dan|last5=Gao|first5=Hongwei|last6=Meng|first6=He|last7=Yu|first7=Jun|last8=Hu|first8=Songnian|last9=Zhang|first9=Heping|date=2007-01-01|title=A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus): an evolutionary history of camelidae|journal=BMC Genomics|volume=8|pages=241|doi=10.1186/1471-2164-8-241|issn=1471-2164|pmc=1939714|pmid=17640355}}</ref>


Within Turkistan it is the '''National flower of [[East Türkestan]]'''.
Within Turkistan it is the '''National animal of [[East Türkestan]]'''.


== Distribution ==
== Distribution ==

Revision as of 08:44, 7 August 2022

Camelus ferus Tierwelt Herberstein.jpg

The Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) is a critically endangered species of camel living in East Türkestan and southwestern Mongolia. It is closely related to the Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Both are large, double-humped even-toed ungulates native to the steppes of central Asia.[1] Until recently, wild Bactrian camels were thought to have descended from domesticated Bactrian camels that became feral after being released into the wild. However, genetic studies have established it as a separate species which diverged from the Bactrian camel about 1.1 million years ago.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]

Within Turkistan it is the National animal of East Türkestan.

Distribution

Geographic distribution of the Wild Bactrian camel.

Currently, only about 1,000 wild Bactrian camels are living in the wild.[9] Most live on the Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve near the border with China proper to the East.

  1. ↑ "Animal Info - Endangered Animals: Camelus bactrianus (Camelus bactrianus ferus)". Animal Information Organization. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  2. ↑ Silbermayr, K.; Orozco-terWengel, P.; Charruau, P.; Enkhbileg, D.; Walzer, C.; Vogl, C.; Schwarzenberger, F.; Kaczensky, P.; Burger, P. A. (2010-06-01). "High mitochondrial differentiation levels between wild and domestic Bactrian camels: a basis for rapid detection of maternal hybridization". Animal Genetics. 41 (3): 315–318. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01993.x. ISSN 1365-2052. PMID 19968638.
  3. ↑ Ji, R.; Cui, P.; Ding, F.; Geng, J.; Gao, H.; Zhang, H.; Yu, J.; Hu, S.; Meng, H. (2009-08-01). "Monophyletic origin of domestic bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) and its evolutionary relationship with the extant wild camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus)". Animal Genetics. 40 (4): 377–382. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01848.x. ISSN 1365-2052. PMC 2721964. PMID 19292708.
  4. ↑ Burger, Pamela Anna (2016-04-05). "The history of Old World camelids in the light of molecular genetics". Tropical Animal Health and Production. 48 (5): 905–913. doi:10.1007/s11250-016-1032-7. ISSN 0049-4747. PMC 4884201. PMID 27048619.
  5. ↑ Mohandesan, Elmira; Fitak, Robert R.; Corander, Jukka; Yadamsuren, Adiya; Chuluunbat, Battsetseg; Abdelhadi, Omer; Raziq, Abdul; Nagy, Peter; Stalder, Gabrielle (2017-08-30). "Mitogenome Sequencing in the Genus Camelus Reveals Evidence for Purifying Selection and Long-term Divergence between Wild and Domestic Bactrian Camels". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 9970. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.9970M. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-08995-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5577142. PMID 28855525.
  6. ↑ Burger, P., Silbermayr, K., Charruau, P., Lipp, L., Dulamtseren, E., Yadmasuren, A. and Walzer, C. (in press). Genetic status of wild camels (Camelus ferus) in Mongolia.
  7. ↑ See, for example: Hare (2008) and Potts (2004)
  8. ↑ Cui, Peng; Ji, Rimutu; Ding, Feng; Qi, Dan; Gao, Hongwei; Meng, He; Yu, Jun; Hu, Songnian; Zhang, Heping (2007-01-01). "A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (Camelus bactrianus ferus): an evolutionary history of camelidae". BMC Genomics. 8: 241. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-8-241. ISSN 1471-2164. PMC 1939714. PMID 17640355.
  9. ↑ "home page". Wild Camel Protection Foundation. Retrieved 2020-06-24. reported 1,400 in 2012, now says 1,000
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