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{{ infobox writer | {{ infobox writer | ||
| name = | | name = Vilacheri Govinda Suryanarayana Sastri | ||
| image = Parithimaar kalaignar.jpg | | image = Parithimaar kalaignar.jpg | ||
| imagesize = | | imagesize = | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
| caption = | | caption = | ||
| pseudonym = Parithimar Kalaignar, | | pseudonym = Parithimar Kalaignar, Sastri | ||
| birth_name = | | birth_name = | ||
| birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1870|07|6}} | | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1870|07|6}} | ||
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}} | }} | ||
''' | '''Vilacheri Govinda Suryanarayana Sastri''' (6 July 1870<ref>{{cite web|title=PARITHIMAR KALAIGNAR NINAIVU ILLAM|url=http://tndipr.gov.in/memorials/parithimarkalaignarninaivuillam.html|website=Information and Public Relations Department, Tamil Nadu, India|access-date=11 August 2016}}</ref> – 2 November 1903), better known by his pen name, '''Parithimar Kalaignar''', a [[Professor]] of [[Tamil language|Tamil]] at the [[Madras Christian College]], was the first person to campaign for the recognition of Tamil as a [[classical language]].<ref name="contributions_recalled">{{cite news | title= Contributions of personalities to Tamil enrichment recalled | date=18 August 2007 | url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081861401000.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080108040000/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/18/stories/2007081861401000.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 8 January 2008 | work= [[The Hindu]] | access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref><ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1">{{cite news | last= Saravanan | first= T. | title= Suryanarayana Sastri's house to be converted into a memorial | date=11 September 2006 | url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/11/stories/2006091117480200.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080918002919/http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/11/stories/2006091117480200.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 18 September 2008 | work= [[The Hindu]] | access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref> | ||
== Life == | == Life == | ||
Suryanarayana Sastri was born at Vilacheri near [[Thirupparankundram]] in a [[Brahmin]] family.<ref name="tamil_nadu_endowments_department">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tntdpc.com/government/tdc.pdf |title=TAMIL DEVELOPMENT – CULTURE AND RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS DEPARTMENT, POLICY NOTE 2006 – 2007, Demand No. 46 |access-date=9 September 2008 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Government |year=2006–2007 |author=M. Karunanidhi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720083730/http://www.tntdpc.com/government/tdc.pdf |archive-date=20 July 2008 }}</ref> He | Suryanarayana Sastri was born at Vilacheri near [[Thirupparankundram]] in a [[Brahmin|Tamil Brahmin]] family to Govindan Sivan.<ref name="tamil_nadu_endowments_department">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tntdpc.com/government/tdc.pdf |title=TAMIL DEVELOPMENT – CULTURE AND RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS DEPARTMENT, POLICY NOTE 2006 – 2007, Demand No. 46 |access-date=9 September 2008 |publisher=Tamil Nadu Government |year=2006–2007 |author=M. Karunanidhi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720083730/http://www.tntdpc.com/government/tdc.pdf |archive-date=20 July 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Suryanarayanan biography |url=https://thefederal.com/features/did-tamil-reformist-shun-his-sanskrit-name-or-just-pick-a-nom-de-plume/}}</ref> He studied philosophy and after graduation was soon employed as a [[Professor]] of Tamil in the Madras Christian College. In 1895, Suryanarayana Sastri rose to become the Head of Department for Tamil at the Madras Christian College.<ref name="contributions_recalled" /> | ||
== Campaign for recognition of Tamil as classical language == | == Campaign for recognition of Tamil as classical language == | ||
Suryanarayana Sastri had immense love for Tamil and wrote plenty of books.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1"/> He even changed his Sanskrit name to its Tamil translation (although "Parithi" [[wikt: பரிதி| பரிதி]] and "Kalai" [[wikt: கலை| கலை]] are from Sanskrit परिधि and कला, respectively).<ref name="tamil_culture">{{cite book | title=The Tamils and Their Culture| last=Sastri| first=K. S. Ramaswami| year=1967| pages=47| publisher=Annamalai University| location=Chennai | isbn=81-7755-405-0}}</ref> | Suryanarayana Sastri had immense love for Tamil and wrote plenty of books.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1"/> He even changed his Sanskrit name to its Tamil translation (although "Parithi" [[wikt: பரிதி| பரிதி]] and "Kalai" [[wikt: கலை| கலை]] are Dravidian loanwords from Sanskrit परिधि and कला, respectively).<ref name="tamil_culture">{{cite book | title=The Tamils and Their Culture| last=Sastri| first=K. S. Ramaswami| year=1967| pages=47| publisher=Annamalai University| location=Chennai | isbn=81-7755-405-0}}</ref> | ||
When the [[Madras University]] proposed to exclude Tamil from its syllabus, Parithimar Kalaignar vehemently protested against the proposal forcing the authorities to drop the move.<ref name="contributions_recalled" /> In 1902, he proposed that Tamil be designated as a "classical language" thereby becoming the first person to make such a petition.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1" /> Parithimar Kalignar is also known as '''Dravida Sastri'''.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial2">{{cite news | title= Parithimar Kalaignar' memorial opened | date=1 November 2007 | url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/01/stories/2007110161471000.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102194627/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/01/stories/2007110161471000.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2 November 2007 | work= [[The Hindu]] | access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref> | When the [[Madras University]] proposed to exclude Tamil from its syllabus, Parithimar Kalaignar vehemently protested against the proposal forcing the authorities to drop the move.<ref name="contributions_recalled" /> In 1902, he proposed that Tamil be designated as a "classical language" thereby becoming the first person to make such a petition.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1" /> Parithimar Kalignar is also known as '''Dravida Sastri'''.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial2">{{cite news | title= Parithimar Kalaignar' memorial opened | date=1 November 2007 | url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/01/stories/2007110161471000.htm | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071102194627/http://www.hindu.com/2007/11/01/stories/2007110161471000.htm | url-status = dead | archive-date = 2 November 2007 | work= [[The Hindu]] | access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref> | ||
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Parithimar Kalaignar is regarded as an inspiration for Tamil enthusiasts as [[Maraimalai Adigal]] and the [[Tanittamil Iyakkam]]. | Parithimar Kalaignar is regarded as an inspiration for Tamil enthusiasts as [[Maraimalai Adigal]] and the [[Tanittamil Iyakkam]]. | ||
In 2006, the Government of Tamil Nadu declared Parithimar Kalaignar's house in his native village of Vilacheri as a memorial and sanctioned a sum of | In 2006, the Government of Tamil Nadu declared Parithimar Kalaignar's house in his native village of Vilacheri as a memorial and sanctioned a sum of {{INRConvert|1.5|m|year=2006|lk=r}} towards nationalizing his books.<ref name="parithimar_kalaignar_memorial1" /><ref name="nationalization">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/archives/budsp07_08_3.htm |title=Budget Speech 2007–2008 |access-date=9 September 2008 |publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080924210632/http://www.tn.gov.in/budget/archives/budsp07_08_3.htm |archive-date=24 September 2008 }}</ref> | ||
On 17 August 2007, postage stamps were issued in memory of Saint Vallalar, Parithimar Kalaignar and Maraimalai Adigal.<ref name="contributions_recalled" /><ref name="stamp_journal">{{cite journal | author=Madhukar Jhingan, Savita Jhingan| title=The News, Views, & Features on Philately & Postal Services of India| journal=Stamps of India Collectors Companion| year=2007| issue=303| page=2| url=http://www.stampsofindia.com/newssite/Download/303.pdf}}</ref> | On 17 August 2007, postage stamps were issued in memory of Saint Vallalar, Parithimar Kalaignar and Maraimalai Adigal.<ref name="contributions_recalled" /><ref name="stamp_journal">{{cite journal | author=Madhukar Jhingan, Savita Jhingan| title=The News, Views, & Features on Philately & Postal Services of India| journal=Stamps of India Collectors Companion| year=2007| issue=303| page=2| url=http://www.stampsofindia.com/newssite/Download/303.pdf}}</ref> | ||
On 13 December 2006, the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, [[M. Karunanidhi]] extended an amount of | On 13 December 2006, the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, [[M. Karunanidhi]] extended an amount of {{INRConvert|1.5|m|year=2006}} to the Tamil scholar's descendants.<ref name="descendants_donation">{{cite news | title= பரிதிமாற் கலைஞர் வாரிசுகளுக்கு ரூ15 லட்சம் (CM extends help to Parithimar Kalaignar's family) | date=14 December 2006 | url = https://tamil.oneindia.com/news/2006/12/02/cm.html | work =Greynium Informnation Technologies Pvt. Ltd. | language=ta |access-date = 9 September 2008}}</ref> | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
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[[Category:Tamil writers]] | [[Category:Tamil writers]] | ||
[[Category:People from Madurai district]] | [[Category:People from Madurai district]] | ||
[[Category:Writers from British India]] | |||
Latest revision as of 18:35, 7 February 2026
Vilacheri Govinda Suryanarayana Sastri | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 6 July 1870 Vilacheri near Thirupparankundram, Madura District, British India |
| Died | 2 November 1903 (aged 33) Madras, British India |
| Pen name | Parithimar Kalaignar, Sastri |
| Occupation | Tamil pundit |
| Language | Tamil |
Vilacheri Govinda Suryanarayana Sastri (6 July 1870[1] – 2 November 1903), better known by his pen name, Parithimar Kalaignar, a Professor of Tamil at the Madras Christian College, was the first person to campaign for the recognition of Tamil as a classical language.[2][3]
Life[edit | edit source]
Suryanarayana Sastri was born at Vilacheri near Thirupparankundram in a Tamil Brahmin family to Govindan Sivan.[4][5] He studied philosophy and after graduation was soon employed as a Professor of Tamil in the Madras Christian College. In 1895, Suryanarayana Sastri rose to become the Head of Department for Tamil at the Madras Christian College.[2]
Campaign for recognition of Tamil as classical language[edit | edit source]
Suryanarayana Sastri had immense love for Tamil and wrote plenty of books.[3] He even changed his Sanskrit name to its Tamil translation (although "Parithi" பரிதி and "Kalai" கலை are Dravidian loanwords from Sanskrit परिधि and कला, respectively).[6]
When the Madras University proposed to exclude Tamil from its syllabus, Parithimar Kalaignar vehemently protested against the proposal forcing the authorities to drop the move.[2] In 1902, he proposed that Tamil be designated as a "classical language" thereby becoming the first person to make such a petition.[3] Parithimar Kalignar is also known as Dravida Sastri.[7]
Parithimar Kalaignar was also the first to use the Tamil name Kumarinadu for the mythical lost-land of Lemuria.[8]
Death[edit | edit source]
Paritihimar Kalaignar died in 1903 due to tuberculosis[3] at the age of 33.[7]
Legacy[edit | edit source]
Parithimar Kalaignar is regarded as an inspiration for Tamil enthusiasts as Maraimalai Adigal and the Tanittamil Iyakkam.
In 2006, the Government of Tamil Nadu declared Parithimar Kalaignar's house in his native village of Vilacheri as a memorial and sanctioned a sum of ₹1.5 million (equivalent to ₹3.9 million or US$54,000 in 2019) towards nationalizing his books.[3][9]
On 17 August 2007, postage stamps were issued in memory of Saint Vallalar, Parithimar Kalaignar and Maraimalai Adigal.[2][10]
On 13 December 2006, the Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, M. Karunanidhi extended an amount of ₹1.5 million (equivalent to ₹3.9 million or US$54,000 in 2019) to the Tamil scholar's descendants.[11]
See also[edit | edit source]
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ "PARITHIMAR KALAIGNAR NINAIVU ILLAM". Information and Public Relations Department, Tamil Nadu, India. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Contributions of personalities to Tamil enrichment recalled". The Hindu. 18 August 2007. Archived from the original on 8 January 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Saravanan, T. (11 September 2006). "Suryanarayana Sastri's house to be converted into a memorial". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 18 September 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ↑ M. Karunanidhi (2006–2007). "TAMIL DEVELOPMENT – CULTURE AND RELIGIOUS ENDOWMENTS DEPARTMENT, POLICY NOTE 2006 – 2007, Demand No. 46" (PDF). Tamil Nadu Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ↑ "Suryanarayanan biography".
- ↑ Sastri, K. S. Ramaswami (1967). The Tamils and Their Culture. Chennai: Annamalai University. p. 47. ISBN 81-7755-405-0.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Parithimar Kalaignar' memorial opened". The Hindu. 1 November 2007. Archived from the original on 2 November 2007. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ↑ Ramaswamy, Sumathi (2005). Fabulous Geographies Catastrophic Histories: The Lost Land of Lemuria. Orient Longman. p. 104. ISBN 978-81-7824-110-4.
- ↑ "Budget Speech 2007–2008". Government of Tamil Nadu. Archived from the original on 24 September 2008. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ↑ Madhukar Jhingan, Savita Jhingan (2007). "The News, Views, & Features on Philately & Postal Services of India" (PDF). Stamps of India Collectors Companion (303): 2.
- ↑ "பரிதிமாற் கலைஞர் வாரிசுகளுக்கு ரூ15 லட்சம் (CM extends help to Parithimar Kalaignar's family)". Greynium Informnation Technologies Pvt. Ltd. (in தமிழ்). 14 December 2006. Retrieved 9 September 2008.