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{{more citations needed|date=June | {{more citations needed|date=June 2022}} | ||
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{{Infobox military unit | {{Infobox military unit | ||
| unit_name = Corps of Army Air Defence | | unit_name = Corps of Army Air Defence | ||
| image = | | image = Army Air Defence Corps Insignia (India).svg | ||
| image_size = 200px | | image_size = 200px | ||
| alt = | | alt = | ||
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| equipment_label = | | equipment_label = | ||
| battles = [[World War II]]<br />[[1947 Indo-Pakistani War]]<br />[[Sino-Indian War of 1962]]<br />[[Indo-Pak War of 1965]]<br />[[Indo-Pak War of 1971]]<br />[[Kargil War]] | | battles = [[World War II]]<br />[[1947 Indo-Pakistani War]]<br />[[Sino-Indian War of 1962]]<br />[[Indo-Pak War of 1965]]<br />[[Indo-Pak War of 1971]]<br />[[Kargil War]] | ||
| anniversaries = January 10<ref name="The Corps of Army Air Defence Celebrates Its Raising Day -PIB">{{cite web|title=The Corps of Army Air Defence Celebrates Its Raising Day|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114512|website=Press Information Bureau|publisher=Government of India-Ministry of Defence|accessdate=23 October | | anniversaries = January 10<ref name="The Corps of Army Air Defence Celebrates Its Raising Day -PIB">{{cite web|title=The Corps of Army Air Defence Celebrates Its Raising Day|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=114512|website=Press Information Bureau|publisher=Government of India-Ministry of Defence|accessdate=23 October 2022}}</ref> | ||
| decorations = | | decorations = | ||
| battle_honours = | | battle_honours = | ||
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| identification_symbol_label = Regimental flag | | identification_symbol_label = Regimental flag | ||
}} | }} | ||
The '''Corps of Army Air Defence''' (abbreviated as '''AAD'''), is an active corps of the [[Indian Army]] and a major combat support arm tasked with [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defence]] of the country from foreign threats. The AAD is responsible for the protection of Indian air space from enemy aircraft and missiles, especially below 5,000 feet.<ref name="21 Different Branches Of Indian Army That Make It Such An Efficient Defence Force">{{cite web|author1=Rishabh Mishra|title=21 Different Branches Of Indian Army That Make It Such An Efficient Defence Force|url=http://topyaps.com/branches-of-the-indian-army|website=TopYaps|accessdate=7 June 2016|date=24 June | The '''Corps of Army Air Defence''' (abbreviated as '''AAD'''), is an active corps of the [[Indian Army]] and a major combat support arm tasked with [[Anti-aircraft warfare|air defence]] of the country from foreign threats. The AAD is responsible for the protection of Indian air space from enemy aircraft and missiles, especially below 5,000 feet.<ref name="21 Different Branches Of Indian Army That Make It Such An Efficient Defence Force">{{cite web|author1=Rishabh Mishra|title=21 Different Branches Of Indian Army That Make It Such An Efficient Defence Force|url=http://topyaps.com/branches-of-the-indian-army|website=TopYaps|accessdate=7 June 2016|date=24 June 2022}}</ref> | ||
The history of the AAD dates back to 1939 during the times of the [[British Raj]] in India. The corps actively took part in the [[Second World War]] fighting on behalf of the [[British Empire]]. Post independence, the corps has participated in all the [[wars involving India]], starting from the [[1947 Indo-Pakistani War]] to the [[1999 Kargil conflict]]. | The history of the AAD dates back to 1939 during the times of the [[British Raj]] in India. The corps actively took part in the [[Second World War]] fighting on behalf of the [[British Empire]]. Post independence, the corps has participated in all the [[wars involving India]], starting from the [[1947 Indo-Pakistani War]] to the [[1999 Kargil conflict]]. | ||
The corps enjoyed autonomous status from 1994, after the bifurcation of the Corps of Air Defence Artillery from the Army's [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]]. A separate training school, the [[Army Air Defence College]] (AADC), was established to train its personnel.<ref name="Indian Army Air Defence-GC">{{cite web|title=Corps of Army Air Defence|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/air-defence.htm|website=Global Security|accessdate=23 October | The corps enjoyed autonomous status from 1994, after the bifurcation of the Corps of Air Defence Artillery from the Army's [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|Regiment of Artillery]]. A separate training school, the [[Army Air Defence College]] (AADC), was established to train its personnel.<ref name="Indian Army Air Defence-GC">{{cite web|title=Corps of Army Air Defence|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/india/air-defence.htm|website=Global Security|accessdate=23 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Indian Armed Forces AAD">{{cite book|author1=Bharat Verma|author2=BK Pandey|author3=GM Hiranandani|title=Indian Armed Forces: Army Air Defence|publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC|isbn=9781935501732|edition=1st|language=English}}</ref> | ||
== History and origin == | == History and origin == | ||
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[[File:OSA- AK Weapon System passes through the Rajpath during the full dress rehearsal for the Republic Day Parade-2014, in New Delhi on January 23, 2014.jpg|thumb|305x305px| OSA- AK Weapon System|alt=|right]] | [[File:OSA- AK Weapon System passes through the Rajpath during the full dress rehearsal for the Republic Day Parade-2014, in New Delhi on January 23, 2014.jpg|thumb|305x305px| OSA- AK Weapon System|alt=|right]] | ||
[[File:Akash (Army Version) passes through the Rajpath during the full dress rehearsal for the Republic Day Parade-2015, in New Delhi on January 23, 2015.jpg|thumb|305x305px| Akash surface to air missile|alt=|right]] | [[File:Akash (Army Version) passes through the Rajpath during the full dress rehearsal for the Republic Day Parade-2015, in New Delhi on January 23, 2015.jpg|thumb|305x305px| Akash surface to air missile|alt=|right]] | ||
Air defence artillery in India was first established by the [[British India|British Government]] ruling India in 1939, at the start of [[World War II]] to counter the growing aerial threat from the [[Axis powers]], especially from the [[Japan]]ese in [[East Asia]]. A small number of Indian troops were initially trained to use [[QF 3-inch 20 cwt|3-inch Ack-Ack guns]] and in the later stages of the conflict to operate [[Bofors 40 mm gun#40 mm L.2F60|Bofors 40 mm L/60 guns]]. The trained troops formed part of the [[anti-aircraft]] batteries of the [[Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery]] (HKSRA) to counter the Japanese air threat in [[South-East Asia]]. They were also assigned to Indian artillery formations. In the early 1940s, several anti-aircraft units and training establishments were established throughout the country with Indian personnel being posted into these establishments from the [[List of regiments of the Indian Army#Infantry Regiments .2832.29|infantry]] and [[List of regiments of the Indian Army#Units of the Regiment of Artillery|artillery]] regiments.<ref name="Need to Expeditiously Modernise Army Air Defence">{{cite web|author1=Major General P K Chakravorty (Retired)|title=Need to Expeditiously Modernise Army Air Defence|url=http://bharatshakti.in/need-to-expeditiously-modernise-army-air-defence/|website=Bharat Shakti|accessdate=7 June | Air defence artillery in India was first established by the [[British India|British Government]] ruling India in 1939, at the start of [[World War II]] to counter the growing aerial threat from the [[Axis powers]], especially from the [[Japan]]ese in [[East Asia]]. A small number of Indian troops were initially trained to use [[QF 3-inch 20 cwt|3-inch Ack-Ack guns]] and in the later stages of the conflict to operate [[Bofors 40 mm gun#40 mm L.2F60|Bofors 40 mm L/60 guns]]. The trained troops formed part of the [[anti-aircraft]] batteries of the [[Hong Kong and Singapore Royal Artillery]] (HKSRA) to counter the Japanese air threat in [[South-East Asia]]. They were also assigned to Indian artillery formations. In the early 1940s, several anti-aircraft units and training establishments were established throughout the country with Indian personnel being posted into these establishments from the [[List of regiments of the Indian Army#Infantry Regiments .2832.29|infantry]] and [[List of regiments of the Indian Army#Units of the Regiment of Artillery|artillery]] regiments.<ref name="Need to Expeditiously Modernise Army Air Defence">{{cite web|author1=Major General P K Chakravorty (Retired)|title=Need to Expeditiously Modernise Army Air Defence|url=http://bharatshakti.in/need-to-expeditiously-modernise-army-air-defence/|website=Bharat Shakti|accessdate=7 June 2022}}</ref> | ||
With the increasing importance of air defence due to the ongoing World War, new anti-aircraft units were raised in the [[British Indian Army|regular army]], serving alongside the existing anti-aircraft units which were used for static roles. Separate units were established to tackle the [[High level bombing|high]] and low altitude bombers, and anti-aircraft units and formations were systematized on the basis of required gun density, with larger numbers of troops and guns being allocated to the highly vulnerable and sensitive areas compared to less vulnerable areas. | With the increasing importance of air defence due to the ongoing World War, new anti-aircraft units were raised in the [[British Indian Army|regular army]], serving alongside the existing anti-aircraft units which were used for static roles. Separate units were established to tackle the [[High level bombing|high]] and low altitude bombers, and anti-aircraft units and formations were systematized on the basis of required gun density, with larger numbers of troops and guns being allocated to the highly vulnerable and sensitive areas compared to less vulnerable areas. | ||
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In July 1940, the government established training schools for anti-aircraft and [[coastal defence and fortification|coastal defence]] wings at Karachi. These schools predominantly trained Indian personnel including [[commissioned officers|commissioned]], [[Junior commissioned officer|junior commissioned]] and [[non-commissioned officer|non-commissioned]] officers in [[anti-aircraft warfare]]. In August 1940, the British Ministry of Defence decided to separate the anti-aircraft units from the [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|artillery department]] of the army into an independent branch based on the idea of [[Artillery|towed artillery]]. In September 1940, an anti-aircraft training battery was formed at [[Colaba]], in [[Bombay]], to impart technical training to the troops. The first anti-aircraft unit of [[Indian Artillery]] was the Royal High Altitude Airship ('R' HAA) Regiment, which was part of the battery based at Colaba. In April 1941, both the light anti-aircraft unit called the 'U' Anti-Aircraft Regiment that was raised at [[Malir Cantonment]] (now in [[Pakistan]]) in January that year equipped with Bofors 40 mm L/60 guns, and the Royal High Altitude Airship ('R' HAA) Regiment, were renamed as 1 Indian Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment IA and 1 Indian High Altitude Airship Regiment IA respectively. | In July 1940, the government established training schools for anti-aircraft and [[coastal defence and fortification|coastal defence]] wings at Karachi. These schools predominantly trained Indian personnel including [[commissioned officers|commissioned]], [[Junior commissioned officer|junior commissioned]] and [[non-commissioned officer|non-commissioned]] officers in [[anti-aircraft warfare]]. In August 1940, the British Ministry of Defence decided to separate the anti-aircraft units from the [[Regiment of Artillery (India)|artillery department]] of the army into an independent branch based on the idea of [[Artillery|towed artillery]]. In September 1940, an anti-aircraft training battery was formed at [[Colaba]], in [[Bombay]], to impart technical training to the troops. The first anti-aircraft unit of [[Indian Artillery]] was the Royal High Altitude Airship ('R' HAA) Regiment, which was part of the battery based at Colaba. In April 1941, both the light anti-aircraft unit called the 'U' Anti-Aircraft Regiment that was raised at [[Malir Cantonment]] (now in [[Pakistan]]) in January that year equipped with Bofors 40 mm L/60 guns, and the Royal High Altitude Airship ('R' HAA) Regiment, were renamed as 1 Indian Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment IA and 1 Indian High Altitude Airship Regiment IA respectively. | ||
By 1942, the air defence branch had grown considerably with eighteen operational anti-aircraft regiments, of which nine were High Altitude Airship regiments and nine were Low Altitude Airship regiments. Besides the four brigades that were exclusively undertaking air defence tasks, one independent High Altitude Airship battery and two independent Low batteries were also in existence, with two training centres established to train the personnel in anti-aircraft warfare. By the end of 1944, this had reached a total of thirty three air defence artillery units. However, after actively taking part in the second world war on behalf of the [[British Empire]], many of these were disbanded.<ref name="Indian Army Air Defence-GC" /><ref name="Modernisation of Army Air Defence -IDR">{{cite web|author1=Ram Pratap|title=Modernisation of Army Air Defence|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/modernisation-of-army-air-defence/0/|website=Indian Defence Review|accessdate=23 October | By 1942, the air defence branch had grown considerably with eighteen operational anti-aircraft regiments, of which nine were High Altitude Airship regiments and nine were Low Altitude Airship regiments. Besides the four brigades that were exclusively undertaking air defence tasks, one independent High Altitude Airship battery and two independent Low batteries were also in existence, with two training centres established to train the personnel in anti-aircraft warfare. By the end of 1944, this had reached a total of thirty three air defence artillery units. However, after actively taking part in the second world war on behalf of the [[British Empire]], many of these were disbanded.<ref name="Indian Army Air Defence-GC" /><ref name="Modernisation of Army Air Defence -IDR">{{cite web|author1=Ram Pratap|title=Modernisation of Army Air Defence|url=http://www.indiandefencereview.com/news/modernisation-of-army-air-defence/0/|website=Indian Defence Review|accessdate=23 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="INDIAN ARMY AIR DEFENCE-IPHB">{{cite web|title=INDIAN ARMY AIR DEFENCE|url=http://indianprideholders.blogspot.in/2012/01/indian-army-air-defence.html|website=Indian Pride Holders Blogspot|accessdate=23 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="History-AAD-Army Official">{{cite web|title=History|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTempSimple.aspx?MnId=4Fm+GZejNPYci/u/KMAV7g==&ParentID=M/DOGn6JXk49a1ugLTlLfA==History|website=Indian Army|publisher=Govt.. of India|accessdate=23 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="Indian Defence Review 31.1">{{cite book|author1=Air Marshal Anil Chopra|author2=Vice Admiral AP Revi|author3=Lt Gen Gautam Banerjee|author4=Lt Gen VK Saxena|author5=Maj Gen AK Mehra|author6=Maj Gen PK Chakravorty|author7=Danvir Singh|author8=Maj Gen AK Chadha|title=Indian Defence Review|date=201|publisher=Lancer Publishers LLC|isbn=9781940988245|edition=31.1}}</ref><ref name="The Indian Army and the end of the Raj : decolonising the subcontinent">{{cite book|author1=Daniel Marston|title=The Indian Army and the End of the Raj: Decolonising the Subcontinent|date=2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9780521899758}}</ref><ref name="The Indian Army, 1939–47: Experience and Development">{{cite book|author1=Routledge|title=The Indian Army, 1939–47: Experience and Development|date=2016|publisher=Patrick Rose|isbn=9781317027645|edition=1st}}</ref><ref name="India's armed forces : fifty years of war and peace">{{cite book|author1=Ashok Krishna|title=India's Armed Forces: Fifty Years of War and Peace|date=1998|publisher=Lancer Publishers|location=New Delhi|isbn=9781897829479}}</ref><ref name="India 2014 Concise">{{cite book|title=India 2014 Concise|publisher=Kalinjar Publications|isbn=9789382732891}}</ref> | ||
===Post-independence=== | ===Post-independence=== | ||
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During the period of 1987–94, India's Air Defence Corps recorded several momentous events that refashioned the identity of air defence in India. By the end of 1989, the Air Defence and Guided Missile School and Centre was established at Gopalpur Military Station in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]. Subsequently, the air defence wing at the Artillery School was moved to the Air Defence Guided Missile School. | During the period of 1987–94, India's Air Defence Corps recorded several momentous events that refashioned the identity of air defence in India. By the end of 1989, the Air Defence and Guided Missile School and Centre was established at Gopalpur Military Station in [[Orissa, India|Orissa]]. Subsequently, the air defence wing at the Artillery School was moved to the Air Defence Guided Missile School. | ||
In October 1993, the Regiment of Artillery was bifurcated and the Corps of Air Defence Artillery came into existence on 10 January 1994. The headquarters of the corps, the Directorate General of Air Defence Artillery, came into force the same day. Subsequently, the air defence wings and branches of the artillery present at various command headquarters throughout the country were bifurcated into the corps from the respective artillery units and regiments. Autonomous status was awarded to the Air Defence Guided Missile School at Gopalpur and the Air Defence Wing of the Artillery Centre, Nasik Road Camp was inducted into the Air Defence Guided Missile Centre. The day on which the Corps of Air Defence Artillery emerged as an autonomous corps of the Indian Army, 10 January, is celebrated as the raising day annually at air defence centers throughout the country.<ref name="The Corps of Army Air Defence Celebrates Its Raising Day -PIB" /><ref name="Defence, Army, Latest News, Interviews, Videos, Show Report - SP's Land Forces">{{cite web|title=VSHORADS Decision This Year?nd Forces|url=http://www.spslandforces.com/exclusive/?id=9&h=19-years-of-Corps-of-Army-Air-Defence-(AAD)|website=www.spslandforces.com|accessdate=7 June | In October 1993, the Regiment of Artillery was bifurcated and the Corps of Air Defence Artillery came into existence on 10 January 1994. The headquarters of the corps, the Directorate General of Air Defence Artillery, came into force the same day. Subsequently, the air defence wings and branches of the artillery present at various command headquarters throughout the country were bifurcated into the corps from the respective artillery units and regiments. Autonomous status was awarded to the Air Defence Guided Missile School at Gopalpur and the Air Defence Wing of the Artillery Centre, Nasik Road Camp was inducted into the Air Defence Guided Missile Centre. The day on which the Corps of Air Defence Artillery emerged as an autonomous corps of the Indian Army, 10 January, is celebrated as the raising day annually at air defence centers throughout the country.<ref name="The Corps of Army Air Defence Celebrates Its Raising Day -PIB" /><ref name="Defence, Army, Latest News, Interviews, Videos, Show Report - SP's Land Forces">{{cite web|title=VSHORADS Decision This Year?nd Forces|url=http://www.spslandforces.com/exclusive/?id=9&h=19-years-of-Corps-of-Army-Air-Defence-(AAD)|website=www.spslandforces.com|accessdate=7 June 2022}}</ref><ref name='2nd International Seminar on " Army Air Defence in 21st Century"'>{{cite web|title=2nd International Seminar on " Army Air Defence in 21st Century"|url=http://www.cii.in/Digital_Library_Details.aspx?enc=pZVQM37jtSRTHIkmBsithfJmz0qWfG+ttlzF5cKUVII+TdBCiMhnhxyJKQNG+R3J|website=www.cii.in|accessdate=7 June 2022}}</ref> | ||
The Air Defence & Guided Missile School and Centre and the Corps of Air Defence Artillery were rechristened as the Army Air Defence College (AADC) and the Corps of Army Air Defence in 1998 and April 2005 respectively.<ref name="Indian Army Air Defence-GC" /><ref name="INDIAN ARMY AIR DEFENCE-IPHB" /><ref name="History-AAD-Army Official" /><ref name="The Indian Army and the end of the Raj : decolonising the subcontinent" /><ref name="India's armed forces : fifty years of war and peace" /> | The Air Defence & Guided Missile School and Centre and the Corps of Air Defence Artillery were rechristened as the Army Air Defence College (AADC) and the Corps of Army Air Defence in 1998 and April 2005 respectively.<ref name="Indian Army Air Defence-GC" /><ref name="INDIAN ARMY AIR DEFENCE-IPHB" /><ref name="History-AAD-Army Official" /><ref name="The Indian Army and the end of the Raj : decolonising the subcontinent" /><ref name="India's armed forces : fifty years of war and peace" /> | ||
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=== Regimental crest === | === Regimental crest === | ||
The Mukherjee Committee assigned the task of the designing the regimental crest to the [[National Institute of Design]] (NID), at [[Ahmedabad]]. After a series of reviews, modifications and improvements, finally the crest designed by Vijay Singh was adopted. | The Mukherjee Committee assigned the task of the designing the regimental crest to the [[National Institute of Design]] (NID), at [[Ahmedabad]]. After a series of reviews, modifications and improvements, finally the crest designed by Vijay Singh was adopted. | ||
The crest depicts the neo-facet of the corps. It portrays a missile in silver tint, with radar antennae in gold colour fixed on the either side. At the bottom, the motto "{{lang|sa|आकाशे शत्रुन् जहि}}" in English "Akashe Shatrun Jahi" is imprinted.<ref name="Indian Army Air Defence-GC" /><ref name="INDIAN ARMY AIR DEFENCE-IPHB" /><ref name="Customs and Traditions-AAD-Army Official">{{cite web|title=Customs and Traditions|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp9P13C.aspx?MnId=LhNm3T62BPi4ET7tFzVf4A==&ParentID=PpKfAEavBXlrF+p/EKh95g==|website=Indian Army|publisher=Govt. of India|accessdate=23 October | The crest depicts the neo-facet of the corps. It portrays a missile in silver tint, with radar antennae in gold colour fixed on the either side. At the bottom, the motto "{{lang|sa|आकाशे शत्रुन् जहि}}" in English "Akashe Shatrun Jahi" is imprinted.<ref name="Indian Army Air Defence-GC" /><ref name="INDIAN ARMY AIR DEFENCE-IPHB" /><ref name="Customs and Traditions-AAD-Army Official">{{cite web|title=Customs and Traditions|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmTemp9P13C.aspx?MnId=LhNm3T62BPi4ET7tFzVf4A==&ParentID=PpKfAEavBXlrF+p/EKh95g==|website=Indian Army|publisher=Govt. of India|accessdate=23 October 2022}}</ref> | ||
=== Regimental flag === | === Regimental flag === | ||
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{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ List of Previous Directors General of Corps of Army Air Defence<ref name="Director General – Photo Gallery Army Official">{{cite web|title=Director General – Photo Gallery|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=gi0Uw4kcSIaT4fp7ZEMikg==&ParentID=LO8UBEhUBYb+EXkJwRWfgg==|website=Indian Army|publisher=Government of India|accessdate=23 October | |+ List of Previous Directors General of Corps of Army Air Defence<ref name="Director General – Photo Gallery Army Official">{{cite web|title=Director General – Photo Gallery|url=http://indianarmy.nic.in/Site/FormTemplete/frmPhotoGalleryWithMenuWithTitle.aspx?MnId=gi0Uw4kcSIaT4fp7ZEMikg==&ParentID=LO8UBEhUBYb+EXkJwRWfgg==|website=Indian Army|publisher=Government of India|accessdate=23 October 2022}}</ref> | ||
! S.No!! Rank !!Name !! Appointment date!! Left office | ! S.No!! Rank !!Name !! Appointment date!! Left office | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|8 || Lt Gen ||(Dr) VK Saxena, PVSM, AVSM, VSM | |8 || Lt Gen ||(Dr) VK Saxena, PVSM, AVSM, VSM | ||
| 1 July 2013<ref name="Lt Gen V K Saxena takes over as DGAAD-IS">{{cite web|title=Lt Gen V K Saxena takes over as Director General of Army Air Defence|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories2057_Lt_Gen_VK_Saxena_DG_Army_Air_Defence.htm|website=India Strategic|accessdate=23 October | | 1 July 2013<ref name="Lt Gen V K Saxena takes over as DGAAD-IS">{{cite web|title=Lt Gen V K Saxena takes over as Director General of Army Air Defence|url=http://www.indiastrategic.in/topstories2057_Lt_Gen_VK_Saxena_DG_Army_Air_Defence.htm|website=India Strategic|accessdate=23 October 2022}}</ref> | ||
|31 May 2015 | |31 May 2015 | ||
|- | |- | ||
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== References == | == References == | ||
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}} | {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} | ||
<!-- After listing your sources please cite them using inline citations and place them after the information they cite. Please see [[ | <!-- After listing your sources please cite them using inline citations and place them after the information they cite. Please see [[Bharatpedia:REFB]] for instructions on how to add citations. --> | ||
{{Indian Army arms and services}} | {{Indian Army arms and services}} | ||