725
edits
no edit summary
Dhaneesh Ram (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} {{Update|date=June 2016}} {{Use Indian English|date=May 2013}} {{short description|Overview of urbanization in India}} '''Urbanization in India''' began to accelerate after independence, due to the country's adoption of a mixed economy, which gave rise to the development of the private sector. The population residing in urban areas in India, according to the 1901 census, was 11.4%,<ref name="Singh1978">{{cite book|aut...") Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
Dhaneesh Ram (talk | contribs) No edit summary Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit |
||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
[[Mumbai]] saw large-scale rural-urban migration in the 20th century.<sup>[[Urbanization|[see main]]]</sup> Mumbai, in 2018, accommodates 22.1 million people, and is the second-largest metropolis by population in India. [[Delhi]] has 28 million inhabitants and witnessed the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world, with a 4.1% rise in population as per the 2011 census. | [[Mumbai]] saw large-scale rural-urban migration in the 20th century.<sup>[[Urbanization|[see main]]]</sup> Mumbai, in 2018, accommodates 22.1 million people, and is the second-largest metropolis by population in India. [[Delhi]] has 28 million inhabitants and witnessed the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world, with a 4.1% rise in population as per the 2011 census. | ||
==History== | |||
Post-independence, India faced high rates of poverty, unemployment, and a stagnant economy. The first [[Prime Minister of India]], [[Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru]], focused on the domain of science and technology.<ref name="Khilnani1993">{{cite book|author=N. M. Khilnani|title=Socio-Political Dimensions of Modern India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7ayFbhJ9GcC&pg=PA96|access-date=15 June 2012|year=1993|publisher=M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd.|isbn=978-81-85880-06-8|pages=96–}}</ref> The ''[[mixed economy]]'' system was adopted, resulting in the growth of the [[Public sector]] in [[India]] crippling down the development of Indian economy leading to what is popularly known as Hindu rate of growth.<ref name="Trehan">{{cite book|author1=TR Jain |author2=Mukesh Trehan |author3=Ranju Trehan |title=Indian Economy and Business Environment (for BBA)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dFikLcurErIC&pg=PA250|access-date=15 June 2012|publisher=FK Publications|isbn=978-81-87344-71-1|pages=250=}}</ref> The South Asian region though predominantly rural (accounted for 69.9% rural population as of 2010), has recorded much higher annual growth of urban population. India, the leading country in South Asia has shown an unprecedented increase in the urban population in the last few decades and its urban population has increased about 14 fold from 1901 to 2011. This growth is mainly uneven but not skewed and not concentrated to a single city of the country. India shares most characteristic features of urbanization in the developing countries where the rate of urbanization is faster than the developed countries. For instance, in 1971 there were only about 150 cities whose population was more than one lakh, now this figure has reached to 500. The urban population of India has increased from 25.85 million in 1901 to 377.11 million in 2011.<ref name="Nandy">{{Cite journal|last=Nandy|first=S. N.|title=URBANIZATION IN INDIA – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE CONSEQUENCES|url=https://www.academia.edu/28277617|language=en}}</ref> | |||
===Modern India=== | |||
The contribution of the [[agricultural sector]] to the [[GDP]] of [[India]] started to decline and the percentage contribution from [[secondary sector]] increased. The period after 1941, witnessed rapid growth of four metropolitan cities in [[India]], which were [[Kolkata]], [[Delhi]], [[Mumbai]], and [[Chennai]].<ref name="NathAggarwal2007">{{cite book|author1=Viswambhar Nath|author2=Surinder K. Aggarwal|title=Urbanization, Urban Development, and Metropolitan Cities in India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Obd1vEVEPdgC&pg=PA3|access-date=15 June 2012|date=1 January 2007|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=978-81-8069-412-7|pages=3–}}</ref> The nation's economy saw a rise due to [[industrial revolution]] and the invention of new technologies increased the standard of living of people living in urban areas.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Indian Industrial Revolution|url=http://www.srcindore.org/industrial-revolution-in-india-pro-independence.php|access-date=15 June 2012|publisher=Srcindore.org}}</ref> The growth of [[public sector]] resulted in development of public transport, roads, water supply, electricity, and hence the infrastructure of urban areas. Some of the cities like Three tier also increasing population. | |||
[[File:India_urbanization_rate_map.svg|alt=|thumb|Map of the urban/total population ratio of Indian states, as per the 2011 census]] | |||
[[Maharashtra]] was the most urbanized major state in India till 1991, stood behind [[Tamil Nadu]] in 2001 and third after it in 2011, with [[Kerala]] being second,<ref name=Census2011Urban>{{cite web|title=Rural-Urban distribution of population|url=http://pibmumbai.gov.in/English/PDF/E2011_PR1143.PDF|publisher=Census of India Press Release|access-date=19 November 2013}}</ref> with the urban-total state population ratio. However, Maharashtra's urban population of 41 million, far exceeds that of Tamil Nadu which is at 27 million, as per the 2001 census.<ref name="planning commission">{{cite web|title=Urbanization|url=http://planningcommission.nic.in/plans/stateplan/sdr_maha/ch-13-14-02-05.pdf|publisher=[[Planning Commission (India)]]|access-date=15 June 2012}}</ref> The spatial distribution of large cities in India is uneven as out of 100 most populous cities in the country more than 50 are confined to only 5 states namely, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh. Other than state capitals and major industrial centre, large cities are mainly concentrated in the national capital region (NCR), the western and southern part of India.<ref name="Nandy"/> | |||