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{{other uses}} | {{other uses}} | ||
{{short description|Head of municipal government such as a town or city}} | {{short description|Head of municipal government such as a town or city}} | ||
{{Executive}} | |||
In many countries, a '''mayor''' is the highest-ranking [[official]] in a [[Municipal corporation|municipal government]] such as that of a [[city]] or a [[town]]. Worldwide, there is a wide [[variance]] in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as the means by which a mayor is elected or otherwise mandated. Depending on the system chosen, a mayor may be the chief executive officer of the municipal government, may simply chair a multi-member governing body with little or no independent power, or may play a solely ceremonial role. A mayor's duties and responsibilities may be to appoint and oversee municipal managers and employees, provide basic governmental services to constituents, and execute the laws and ordinances passed by a municipal governing body (or mandated by a state, territorial or national governing body). Options for selection of a mayor include direct election by the public, or selection by an elected governing council or board. | In many countries, a '''mayor''' is the highest-ranking [[official]] in a [[Municipal corporation|municipal government]] such as that of a [[city]] or a [[town]]. Worldwide, there is a wide [[variance]] in local laws and customs regarding the powers and responsibilities of a mayor as well as the means by which a mayor is elected or otherwise mandated. Depending on the system chosen, a mayor may be the chief executive officer of the municipal government, may simply chair a multi-member governing body with little or no independent power, or may play a solely ceremonial role. A mayor's duties and responsibilities may be to appoint and oversee municipal managers and employees, provide basic governmental services to constituents, and execute the laws and ordinances passed by a municipal governing body (or mandated by a state, territorial or national governing body). Options for selection of a mayor include direct election by the public, or selection by an elected governing council or board. | ||
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==History== | ==History== | ||
=== | ===United Kingdom=== | ||
{{anchor|England|Scotland|Wales}}{{See also|Mayors in England|Mayors in Wales}} | {{anchor|England|Scotland|Wales}}{{See also|Mayors in England|Mayors in Wales}} | ||
In modern [[England]] and [[Wales]], the position of mayor descends from the feudal lord's [[bailiff]] or [[Reeve (England)|reeve]] (''see [[borough]]''). The [[chief magistrate]] of [[London]] bore the title of [[portreeve]] for considerably more than a century after the [[Norman Conquest]]. This official was elected by popular choice, a privilege secured from [[John, King of England|King John]]. By the beginning of the 12th century, the title of portreeve gave way to that of mayor as the designation of the chief officer of London, followed around 1190 by that of [[Winchester]]. Other boroughs adopted the title later. | In modern [[England]] and [[Wales]], the position of mayor descends from the feudal lord's [[bailiff]] or [[Reeve (England)|reeve]] (''see [[borough]]''). The [[chief magistrate]] of [[London]] bore the title of [[portreeve]] for considerably more than a century after the [[Norman Conquest]]. This official was elected by popular choice, a privilege secured from [[John, King of England|King John]]. By the beginning of the 12th century, the title of portreeve gave way to that of mayor as the designation of the chief officer of London, followed around 1190 by that of [[Winchester]]. Other boroughs adopted the title later. | ||
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===Philippines=== | ===Philippines=== | ||
In the [[Philippines]], mayors ({{lang-tl|Punong Bayan/Punong Lungsod}}) are the head of a [[List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines|municipality or a city]], with the vice mayor as the second-highest position in the city. They are elected every three years during the midterm and national elections, and they can serve up to three terms of office. {{As of|2012|September}}, there are 1,635 mayors in the Philippines.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} | In the [[Philippines]], mayors ({{lang-tl|Punong Bayan/Punong Lungsod}}) are the head of a [[List of cities and municipalities in the Philippines|municipality or a city]], with the vice mayor as the second-highest position in the city. They are elected every three years during the midterm and national elections, and they can serve up to three consecutive terms of office. {{As of|2012|September}}, there are 1,635 mayors in the Philippines.{{Citation needed|date=December 2021}} | ||
===Poland=== | ===Poland=== | ||
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==Multi-tier local government== | ==Multi-tier local government== | ||
In several countries, where there is not local [[autonomy]], mayors are often appointed by some branch of the national or regional government. In some cities, subdivisions such as [[borough]]s may have their own mayors; this is the case, for example, with the [[arrondissement]]s of Paris, [[Montreal]], and [[Mexico City]]. In Belgium [[Brussels]] is administratively one of the federation's three regions, and is subdivided, without the other regions' provincial level, into 19 rather small municipalities, with one, the [[City of Brussels]], being the | In several countries, where there is not local [[autonomy]], mayors are often appointed by some branch of the national or regional government. In some cities, subdivisions such as [[borough]]s may have their own mayors; this is the case, for example, with the [[arrondissement]]s of Paris, [[Montreal]], and [[Mexico City]]. In Belgium [[Brussels]] is administratively one of the federation's three regions, and is subdivided, without the other regions' provincial level, into 19 rather small municipalities, with one, the [[City of Brussels]], being the kingdom's capital, which each have an elected—formally appointed—burgomaster (i.e., mayor, responsible to his/her elected council); while [[Antwerp]], the other major metropolitan area, has one large city (where the boroughs, former municipalities merged into it, elect a lower level, albeit with very limited competence) and several smaller surrounding municipalities, each under a normal burgomaster as in Brussels. | ||
In the People's Republic of China, the mayor ({{Lang|zh|市長}}) may be the administrative head of any municipality, provincial, prefecture-level, or county-level. The mayor is usually the most recognized official in cities, although the position is the second-highest-ranking official in charge after the local Communist Party secretary. In principle, the mayor (who also serves as the deputy Communist Party secretary of the city) is responsible for managing the city administration while the Communist Party secretary is responsible for general policy and managing the party bureaucracy, but in practice the roles blur, frequently causing conflict. | In the People's Republic of China, the mayor ({{Lang|zh|市長}}) may be the administrative head of any municipality, provincial, prefecture-level, or county-level. The mayor is usually the most recognized official in cities, although the position is the second-highest-ranking official in charge after the local Communist Party secretary. In principle, the mayor (who also serves as the deputy Communist Party secretary of the city) is responsible for managing the city administration while the Communist Party secretary is responsible for general policy and managing the party bureaucracy, but in practice the roles blur, frequently causing conflict. | ||
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* [[Urban prefect]] | * [[Urban prefect]] | ||
== References == | ==References== | ||
;Notes | |||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
;Bibliography | |||
* A. Shaw, ''Municipal Government in Continental Europe'' | |||
* J – A. Fairlie, ''Municipal Administration'' | |||
* S. and B. Webb, ''English Local Government'' | |||
* Redlich and Hirst, ''Local Government in England'' | |||
* A. L. Lowell, ''The Government of England''. | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||